Cells of The Immune System: With Prof. Peter J. Delves

Cells of the Immune System
With Prof. Peter J. Delves
S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
© www.lecturio.com | This document is protected by copyright.
Learning Objectives
• Recognize the two pathways of

hematopoiesis
• Outline the function of the different cell types

associated with innate and adaptive
immunity
• Identify the microbicidal mechanisms of

phagocytic cells

Hematopoiesis
Erythrocytes
Myeloid pathway Platelets
Cells of innate immune

response
Lymphoid pathway Cells of adaptive

immune response
Self-renewing,
multipotent,
Natural Killer cells
hematopoietic
(mostly innate) and
stem cell in
other innate
bone marrow
lymphoid cells

Innate Immune Response
Neutrophil (together with eosinophils and Phagocytosis

basophils are polymorphonuclear granulocytes)
Monocyte and macrophage Phagocytosis
Dendritic cell Activation of T-cells
Follicular dendritic cell Activation of B-cells
Production of inflammatory
Eosinophil, basophil and mast cell
mediators
Natural Killer (NK) cell and other NK cell killing of infected cells.
innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) Diverse functions of ILCs

Innate Immune Response
Neutrophil (together with eosinophils and Phagocytosis

basophils are polymorphonuclear granulocytes)
Monocyte and macrophage Phagocytosis
Dendritic cell Activation of T-cells
Neutrophils together with eosinophils and basophils

Follicular dendritic cell are polymorphonuclear granulocytes.
Activation of B-cells
Production of inflammatory
Eosinophil, basophil and mast cell
mediators
Natural Killer (NK) cell and other NK cell killing of infected cells.
innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) Diverse functions of ILCs

The Phagocytic Cells
Neutrophils are short-lived cells

that leave blood and enter tissues.
Monocytes leave blood to

develop into relatively long-lived
macrophages.

The neutrophil and monocyte

bind to the blood vessel
endothelium using adhesion
molecules, and are attracted to
the site of the infection by a
concentration gradient of
chemotactic factors.

• The phagocytic cells use pattern recognition

receptors (PRR) to recognize pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
CR
• The pathogen can also become coated with
substances (opsonins) that are additionally
recognized by the phagocytic cells.
• Complement
• Antibody
CR



• Complement
• Antibody


FcR
• Complement
• Antibody
FcR



• Complement
• Antibody

Once engulfed by the phagocytic cell, the

pathogen is destroyed using reactive oxygen
intermediates generated by a respiratory burst,
and by a number of non-oxygen-dependent
killing mechanisms

PRR

Microbicidal Activity of Phagocytic Cells
Oxygen-dependent Oxygen-independent
O2- (superoxide) Lysozyme – cleaves peptidoglycan
1O Defensins – forms channels in bacterial

2 (singlet oxygen)
membranes
.OH (hydroxyl radical) Lactoferrin – chelates iron
H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) Proteases – e.g. elastase
HOCl (hypochlorite)
NO (nitric oxide)

Microbicidal Activity of Phagocytic Cells
Oxygen-dependent Oxygen-independent
O2- (superoxide) Lysozyme - cleaves peptidoglycan
1O Defensins - forms channels in bacterial

2 (singlet oxygen)
membranes
.OH (hydroxyl radical)
In addition, neutrophils canLactoferrin - chelates
extrude their iron
DNA and
granule contents to produce neutrophil extracellular
H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)
traps (NETs) containing Proteases
lyzozyme,- e.g. elastase
elastase,
defensins, etc.
HOCl (hypochlorite)
NO (nitric oxide)

Dendritic Cells
Dendritic cells Follicular dendritic cells
Derived from hematopoietic stem cells Derived from mesenchymal stem cells
Only present in germinal centers of

Present throughout the body
secondary lymphoid tissues
Initially phagocytic Never phagocytic
Possess MHC class II and costimulatory Lack MHC class II and costimulatory
(e.g. B7) molecules molecules
Do not activate helper T-cells, but specialised
Activate helper T-cells
to show antigen to B-cells

Production of Inflammatory Mediators
Eosinophil Basophil Mast cell
Present in mucosal and

Present in blood and tissues Present in blood
connective tissues
Releases histamine, Releases histamine,

Characteristically releases
prostaglandins prostaglandins
major basic protein
and leukotrienes and leukotrienes

Innate Lymphoid Cells
One type of ILC, the Natural Killer cell,

induces apoptotic cell death in infected cells
using:
• Fas/FasL pathway
• Granzyme/Perforin pathway
Other types of ILCs have functions similar to

the helper T-cells and regulatory T-cells of the
adaptive response.

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
Help activate macrophages,

Helper T-cell
cytotoxic T-cells and B-cells
Suppress other cells of the

Regulatory T-cell
immune response
Cytotoxic T-cell Kill infected cells
B-cell and plasma cell Produce antibodies

Learning Outcomes
 The two pathways of hematopoiesis
 The function of the different cell types

associated with innate and adaptive
immunity
 The microbicidal mechanisms of phagocytic

cells

This document is a property of: S2031231 STUDENT
Note: This document is copyright protected. It may not be copied, reproduced, used, or
distributed in any way without the written authorization of Lecturio GmbH.


Cells of The Immune System: With Prof. Peter J. Delves

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cells of The Immune System: With Prof. Peter J. Delves

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cells of the Immune System

With Prof. Peter J. Delves

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

• Recognize the two pathways of

• Outline the function of the different cell types

• Identify the microbicidal mechanisms of

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

Myeloid pathway Platelets

Cells of innate immune

Lymphoid pathway Cells of adaptive

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

Neutrophil (together with eosinophils and Phagocytosis

Monocyte and macrophage Phagocytosis

Dendritic cell Activation of T-cells

Follicular dendritic cell Activation of B-cells

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

Neutrophil (together with eosinophils and Phagocytosis

Monocyte and macrophage Phagocytosis

Dendritic cell Activation of T-cells

Neutrophils together with eosinophils and basophils

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

Neutrophils are short-lived cells

Monocytes leave blood to

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

The neutrophil and monocyte

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

• The phagocytic cells use pattern recognition

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

• The phagocytic cells use pattern recognition

• The pathogen can also become coated with

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

• The phagocytic cells use pattern recognition

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

• The phagocytic cells use pattern recognition

• The pathogen can also become coated with

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

Once engulfed by the phagocytic cell, the

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

O2- (superoxide) Lysozyme – cleaves peptidoglycan

1O Defensins – forms channels in bacterial

H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) Proteases – e.g. elastase

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

O2- (superoxide) Lysozyme - cleaves peptidoglycan

1O Defensins - forms channels in bacterial

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

Dendritic cells Follicular dendritic cells

Only present in germinal centers of

Initially phagocytic Never phagocytic

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

Eosinophil Basophil Mast cell

Present in mucosal and

Releases histamine, Releases histamine,

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

One type of ILC, the Natural Killer cell,

Other types of ILCs have functions similar to

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

Help activate macrophages,

Suppress other cells of the

Cytotoxic T-cell Kill infected cells

B-cell and plasma cell Produce antibodies

S2031231 STUDENT, s2031231@siswa.um.edu.my

 The two pathways of hematopoiesis