Assignment No.

02

Submitted by: -

Taleah Binte Tanvir

BS-Psychology, Morning

Subject: -

Pakistan Studies

System ID: -

NUML-F21-42025

Submitted to: -

Mr. Junaid Javed

Department of Social Sciences

National University of Modern Languages (NUML)

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 Rise and Demise of Terrorism in Pakistan

INTRODUCTION

The rise of the terrorism initially took place in 1988, Rawalpindi, as Ojhri camp disaster. The
attack resulted in 93 casualties, 1,100 critically wounded. The US defense department reported it
to be as the explosion done by the Pro Soviet Union while US supporting Afghan Mujahidin with
ammunitions which were stored in Ojhri camp, Rawalpindi. Kabul was under the control of
Soviet Union, at the same time, Soviet Union started backing out their troops from Afghanistan
after Geneva Accords (1988). During this situation, Afghans continued migrating to Pakistan
from the regime of Soviet Union (1979-1988) and Taliban government (1996-2001). By the late
90s, the number of Afghan refugees increased to 4 million however the terrorist groups from
Afghanistan found a way to get in Pakistan because of the open borders for afghan refugees.
Later in 2001, the main cause of terrorism in this region occurred, the 9/11 attack and US blamed
Taliban for this entire incident moreover America invaded Afghanistan for the vengeance of
world trade center.

Pakistan provided bases and camps to fight against al-Qaida and other terrorist groups because of
the pressure by USA, sequentially the militants in Afghanistan started working against Pakistan
because Pakistan provided safe grounds to their new enemy. That’s why a series of terrorist
attacks started in Pakistan which continued from 2001, was at its peak in 2009 and started
decreasing after the Army public school attack in 2014. This series include almost 300 attacks
from 2000 till the end of 2014.

Before APS Peshawar attack Pakistan announced a mission against terrorism named operation
“Zarb e Azb” (2014), “Zarb e Azb” means strike with the sword named azab which is the sword
of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). After the start of the operation Pakistan army began to tighten
the chains against terrorist groups residing in different remote areas in the country, finding the
situations difficult and facing many loses, a cowardly mission scheduled by the terrorist groups
to attack Army Public School System, Peshawar as a revenge which accelerated the pace of
operation “Zarb e Azb” and this was the start of demise of terrorism in Pakistan.

From 15th June 2014 till 22nd Feb 2017, under the operation Zarb e Azb Pakistan army
successfully cleared many areas from these terrorists however; this was the start for the new
operation named operation “Radd ul Fasaad”. Radd ul fasaad started on 22nd Feb 2017 and
currently undergoing.

Operation Radd ul Fasaad was started to completely evacuate all the terrorist groups and
extremists from the country because Pakistan was suffering the terrorism and yet Pakistan was
declared as terrorist state in the international media. The demise by Radd ul Fasaad of terrorism
is recovering the lost image of Pakistan.

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 CAUSES & EFFECTS

1. Trepidation of terrorism

Pakistan faced hundreds of terrorist suicidal attack, bomb blasts, target killing and
political murders from 2001 to 2016, in these attacks almost 70,000 dead and countless
were wounded. Woman, children and elder were suffering mentally and physically.
Sequentially, an atmosphere of fear began to spread after every new incident. Pakistanis
were being tortured psychologically, suffering physically and declining financially with
every new attack by the terrorists, even though Pakistani nation did not give up, every
child, man and woman made themselves stronger with every attack and became use to
with the war on terror.

2. Foreign investment declined

Terrorism has affected insecurity and uncertainty in the country, which caused a loss of
confidence in foreign investors, causing them to divert their resources from the host
country to other, peaceful countries. Terrorism also made foreign investors more
concerned about their investments. Assuming that unfamiliar financial investors don’t see
any increment in their normal returns of psychological oppression, then, at that point,
they will move their assets from the host country to the other, safe country. This is how
Pakistan suffered in foreign investment.

3. Domestic investment declined

Similarly to foreign investment, terrorism also decreases domestic investors to invest in a

terror-stricken environment. Further, public ventures are additionally seriously harmed in
light of the fact that administration tasks like the development of streets, roadways,
waterways, dams, spans, interstate, medical clinics, and schools are likewise finished
within the sight of terrorist activities.

4. High unemployment

The rate of unemployment increases as the state of agitation builds up in view of the fact
that terrorism spreads in the country. People build up a habit of mistrust and uncertainty
and they prefer their own businesses but the lack of resources, leave them either in
joblessness or in destitution.

5. Loss in government expenditure

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 Terrorism imposes a specific government, the responsibility, that the authorities should
spend more finance on security issues to keep law and order in the country. The
redistribution of government assets diminishes use on social sector development such as
health and education. It will diminish economic growth. Thusly, high government
consumption on security counterbalances terrorist activities by working on the rule of
peace and law circumstances, which will increment both domestic and foreign
investments. It will increase economic growth.

6. Impoverishment

Usually, poverty takes place when there are lack of employment resources for the
citizens of any country, as the government is engaged in security issues resulting in
impoverishment, consequently terrorism takes place. As the government is using majority
of its expenses on the safety of the country, the rate of poverty increases. The fear
amongst the people increases. People suffer from lack of various resources.

7. Social gap

Terrorism has put an underlying effect on the people’s psyche. The norm of greeting
people has declined. Individuals are developing different vulnerability and doubt
propensities among one another. Terrorism has changed the geology of the country.
Guardians tend not to send their wards to play outside. They have assembled dread of
terrorism and feel that their children might get abducted.

CONCLUSION
By understanding, appreciating and addressing the psychological factors adding to
terrorism in Pakistan, one might track down dependable answers for the drop out on
Pakistan’s conflict against the dread. This conflict has prompted a deficiency of
blameless living souls, compounded by profound mental scars for survivors which will
without a doubt endure for a long time into future. A continuous, deliberate work to
acquire harmony and security in the district is fundamental and is the best way to check
vengeance assaults and further indoctrinating of youthful adolescents. The mental
determinants, nonetheless, are especially not quite the same as fear based oppressor
exercises in Western nations, where it appears to be that an alternate arrangement of
psychological rules applies.

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