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Pollution Control and Disaster Management: Chapter - 5
Pollution Control and Disaster Management: Chapter - 5
Chapter - 5
Pollution Control and Disaster Management
2009 Jupiterimages Corporation
•Industrial emissions
•Automobiles
•Nuclear explosions
•Agricultural activities
•Disposal of garbage
•Industrial waste
•Agricultural waste
•Human activities
•Public awareness
•Workers in factories should be provided with ear plugs and ear muffs.
•Vehicular noise can be reduced by keeping the engine clean.
•Industrial noise can be reduced by keeping the machines well serviced.
•Noisy machines should be placed in special glass or wooden cabins.
•Special silencing devices should be designed for aircraft engines.
•More number of trees should be planted since they are effective sound
absorbers.
•Public awareness should be created.
© 2009 Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
Contents
Soil Pollution
Any change in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil due to
natural or anthropogenic activities is known as soil pollution.
•Urban waste
•Mining
•Agricultural waste
•Radioactive wastes
© 2009 Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
Effects of Soil Pollution Contents
•Causes an increase in the number of mosquitoes and flies, which are vectors of
several deadly diseases
•Radioactive elements present in polluted soil enter human body and cause a
number of adverse health effects such as cancer, deformities in bones, etc.
•Reuse of paper, glass, tin, iron, etc., present in solid waste after recycling
•Toxic chemicals
•Hazardous wastes
•Raw sewage
•Thermal pollution
Thermal Pollution
The rise in the temperature of water due to discharge of warm water, which
is used to cool machines in factories and in nuclear and thermal power
plants, is called thermal pollution.
• Industries
•Construction of artificial lakes for the discharge of hot effluents from where
cool water can be extracted later
© 2009 Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
Contents
Radiation Pollution
Radiation pollution is the emission of any form of
ionizing or non-ionizing radiation as a result of
natural or human activities.
• Nuclear explosions
• Medical use
Somatic Effects
Genetic Effects
•Industrial waste
•Commercial waste
•Mining waste
•Radioactive waste
•Agricultural waste
•Hospital waste
•E-waste
• It runs off with rainwater and mixes with the nearby water bodies
causing water pollution.
•Open dumping
•Land fill
•Ocean dumping
•Incineration
•Composting
•Source reduction
•Refuse
•Reduce
•Reuse
•Repair
•Recycle
Types of Disasters
Natural Disasters
Man-made Disasters
•Industrial accidents
•Wars, riots, terrorism, etc.
•Toxic spills
•Transportation accidents
© 2009 Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
Contents
Earthquake
Causes of Earthquake
•Volcanic activities
Causes of Landslides
•Earthquakes
•Glaciers
•Torrential rain
• Rocks, large debris, and sliding landmasses destroy urban and rural habitation
Management of Landslides
• Construction activities should be done only after properly evaluating the
geological and geographic conditions.
Types of Floods
•Flash floods
•River floods
•Coastal floods
Causes of Floods
•Deforestation
•Urbanization
•Riparian dams
•Uncertain rainfall
Effects of Floods
•Disturbances in transportation
•Loss of biodiversity
•Economic crisis
• Plantation on slopes
• Drainage management
• Forecasting
Effects of Cyclones
Management of Cyclones
•Forecasting
•Relief tasks
•Saving electricity and using natural renewable energy resources as far as possible