4.

Grammar:Yu Fa Chapter:8

Chinese there are no VERB CONJUGATIONS and the sentence order is intuitive.
Basically Chinese grammar is simple

The Chinese word order is similar to English:

SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT (SVO)

Some words use the same verb form. Example of these are I, YOU, HE, WE and THEY.

ENGLISH  HANYU
I AM WO SHI 
YOU ARE  NI SHI
HE IS  TA SHI 
SHE IS TA SHI 
WO MEN
WE ARE
SHI 
TA MEN
THEY ARE
SHI 
YOU ARE NI MEN
(plural) SHI 
The word (verb) “SHI” means “is/are/am/yes/to be” or used i given names
Sentence Construction

The Chinese basic sentence pattern is: 

1. SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT

WO + XUE XI + ZHONG WEN

I + STUDY + CHINESE ( I learn Chinese)

Sub + Verb + Obj.

Wo ai ni 

I love you 

2.  Sub + Degree adverb + Adj.

Ni hen congming. You very smart ( You are very smart)

Ta feichang hao (He is very good)

3. Subj. + Time + Degree Adverb + Adj/ Time + Subj. + Degree adverb + Adj. 

WO ZOUTIAN ZHEN KAIXIN. I YESTERDAY (WAS) REALLY HAPPY. I

WAS REALLY HAPPY YESTERDAY  

ZUIJIN WO HAO MANG. RECENTLY I (HAVE BEEN) SO BUSY. 

4. SUB + TIME + VERB + OBJ./ TIME + SUB + VERB + OBJ

WO JINTIAN YOU SHIJIAN. I TODAY HAVE TIME (I HAVE TIME TODAY)

5. There are also phrases that describe actions such as OBJECT, PLACE, DIRECTION &
TIME.

All of them should be placed before the verb. Example

SUB. + TIME + VERB

TA WAN SHANG HUI LAI 

HE WILL COME BACK IN THE EVENING 

SUB. + PLACE + VERB

TA CONG MEI GUO HUI LAI 

HE HAS COME BACK FROM THE U.S.A 

SUB. + OBJECT + VERB

NI JIN TIAN CHI MI FAN MA?

TODAY DID YOU EAT RICE?

Adverbs (fù cí) are placed after the subject, or before the verb and adjective. 

A typical structure for a sentence containing a Chinese adverb is “Subject + Adjective

+ 地 + Verb.” For example

Example: 

Chang cheng hen chang ( The Great wall is long)

Adjectives: In Mandarin they do not follow or agree to gender or number with the
noun that they modify. They are called stative verbs as they incorporate the verb “to
be “ in the sentence. Then, in its positive form, they are generally preceded by the
adverb HEN(very).

example: WO HEN E ( IM VERY HUNGRY)

When adjectives modify nouns in phrases they generally precede the noun, often
using the particle “DE” in between .

MEI LI DE FENG JING (BEAUTIFUL SCENERY )