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Psychology Noes in English
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com
Child Development
&
Pedagogy
part-4
u
2. Which of the following is predominantly heredity related
factor?
Sh
(1) Participation in social activities
(2) Attitude towards peer group
(3) Thinking pattern ar
(4) Colour of the eyes (Answer)
ma
3. Teachers should study the errors of their students they often
indicate the
(1) need for differentiated curriculum
(2) extent of their knowledge
(3) remedial strategies needed (Answer)
(4) pathways for ability grouping
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4. Seema learns every lesson very quickly but Leena takes longer
to learn them. It denotes the developmental principle of
(1) inter-relationships
Ar (2) continuity
(3) general to specific
u
(4) individual differences (Answer)
Sh
5. Environmental factors that shape development include all of
the following except
(1) culture
ar
(2) quality of education
(3) physique (Answer)
(4) quality of nutrition
ma
6. According to theories of motivation, a teacher can enhance
learning by
(1) setting uniform standards of expectations
(2) not having any expectations from students
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(3) setting extremely high expectations
(4) setting realistic expectations from students (Answer)
u
(2) the stage of infancy
(3) pre-childhood stage
(4) post-childhood stage
Sh
ar
8. Ability to recognize and classify all varieties of animals,
minerals and plants, according to multiple intelligences theory,
is called
(1) Naturalist intelligence (Answer)
(2) Linguistic intelligence
ma
(3) Spatial intelligence
(4) Logico- mathematical intelligence
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9. The statement “Majority of the people are average, a few very
bright and a few very dull” is based on the established principle
of
(1) Distribution of intelligence (Answer)
u
(4) Intelligence and racial differences
Sh
10. According to Piaget’s cognitive theory of learning, the
process by which the cognitive structure is modified is called
(1) Accommodation
(2) Assimilation (Answer)
ar
(3) Schema
(4) Perception
ma
11. When previous learning makes no difference at all to the
learning in a new situation, it is called
(1) Absolute transfer of learning
(2) Positive transfer of learning
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(3) Negative transfer of learning
(4) Zero transfer of learning (Answer)
u
(2) a psychological phenomenon
(3) an affective behavior
Sh
(4) a cognitive activity (Answer)
ar
13. In a child-centered classroom, children generally learn
(1) mainly from the teacher
(2) individually
(3) in groups
ma
(4) individually and in groups (Answer)
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(2) conflict between the groups
(3) higher achievement and self-esteem (Answer)
(4) intense competition
Ar 15. The major frustration that children with hearing loss face in
the classroom is
u
(1) the inability to take examinations with other students
Sh
(2) the inability to read the prescribed textbook
(3) the inability to participate in sports and games
ar
(4) the inability to communicate or share information with
others (Answer)
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(1) they learn with other students (Answer)
(2) they are segregated from other students
(3) they attend private coaching classes
(4) they are tested frequently
Ar
u
18. A good textbook avoids
(1) social responsibility
(2) gender bias (Answer)
(3) gender sensitivity Sh
(4) gender equality
ar
which a child displays ‘object permanence’ is
(1) Formal operational stage
ma
19. The stage of cognitive development according to Piaget, in
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20. Inclusive education refers to a school education system that
(1) emphasizes the need to promote the education of the girl
child only
(2) includes children with disability
u
(4) encourages education of children with special needs through
exclusive schools
Sh
21. According to Kohlberg, the thinking process involved in
ar
judgments about questions of right and wrong is called
(1) Moral reasoning (Answer)
(2) Moral realism
(3) Moral dilemma
(4) Morality co-operation
ma
22. A student is aggressive in his behavior towards his peer
group and does not conform to the norms of the school. This
student needs help in
(1) Higher order thinking skills
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(2) Cognitive domain
(3) Psychomotor domain
(4) Affective domain (Answer)
u
(1) Socialization (Answer)
(2) Value conflicts
(3) Aggression Sh
(4) Anxiety
ar
(1) Piaget – cognitive
(2) Kohlberg – physiological
ma
24. Which of the following is an incorrect stage theory pairing?
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(1) Moral realism
(2) Moral dilemma
(3) Morality co-operation
(4) Moral reasoning (answer)
Ar
u
26. Saurabh and Suresh have the same mental age 8-0. We can
conclude that
Sh
(1) They have the same potential for success in school.
(2) They have the same IQ
(3) Their interests are similar
ar
(4) Their ability to learn may be quite different (answer)
ma
27. Children’s attitudes toward persons of different ethnic
groups are generally based upon
(1) Their parent’s attitudes (answer)
(2) The attitudes of their peer
(3) The influence of television
(4) Their sibling’ attitudes
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28. A major strength of ecological theory is its framework for
explaining
(1) Environmental influences on development. (answer)
(2) Biological influences on development.
u
Sh
29. All of the following advanced principles of child development
that are closely allied to the stimulus response learning theory,
except
(1) Pavilov
(2) J B Waston
ar
(3) Hull
(4) Gesell (answer)
ma
30. The process whereby the genetic factors limit an individual's
responsiveness to the environment is known as
(1) Canalization.
(2) Discontinuity.
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(3) Differentiation.
(4) Range of reaction. (answer)
u
(2) The teacher should deliver lectures on the importance of
labour
ar
ma
32. The essential element of the syllabus for the children
remained out of school should be-
(1) Literacy competencies
(2) Life-skills
(3) Numerical competencies
(4) Vocational competencies (answer)
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33. A child has been admitted to your school who belongs to a
back ward family/ background from the cultural viewpoint. You
will
(1) Keep him in a class in which, there are many more students
u
(3) Keep him in a normal class but will make special
arrangements for teaching him, keeping his special needs in
view (answer)
Sh
(4) Advise him to take up vocational education
ar
(1) Early development of a sense of time
(2) Interest in encyclopaedias and dictionaries
ma
34. All of the following can be signs that a child is gifted, except
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behaviour in identical twins reared apart compared to its
expression in fraternal twins reared apart?
(1) Fraternal twins will express the behaviour more similarly
than identical twins.
u
(3) Identical twins will express the behaviour more similarly
than fraternal twins. (answer)
Sh
(4) The behaviour will be expressed as similarly by identical
twins as it is by fraternal twins.
ar
36. Frobel’s most important contribution to education was his
development of the
(1) Vocational school
(2) Public high school
ma
(3) Kindergarten (answer)
(4) Latin School
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(1) The progress of the students should be informed to their
parents
(2) A regular practice can be carried out
(3) The students can be trained for final examinations
u
38. Of the following, the main purpose of state certification of
teachers is to
Sh
(1) Monitor the quality of teacher training institutions
ar
(2) Provide for a uniform standard of entry-level teacher
competency throughout the state (answer)
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(2) Heredity; environment (answer)
(3) Environment; behaviour
(4) Development; learning
u
(1) Joseph Lancaster –contract plan (answer)
(2) Benjamin Franklin-academy
Sh
(3) James B Conant –high school
(4) Horace Mann –elementary education
ar
41. Which of the following forms of mental retardation is caused
by the presence of an extra chromosome?
(1) Down syndrome (answer)
(2) Cretinism
ma
(3) PKU
(4) Cultural-familial retardation
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(1) Reduction of the weight of curriculum
(2) Sympathy of teachers
(3) Attractive environment of the school
(4) Encouragement of the students (answer)
Ar
u
43. The educator who advanced the idea of the five formal steps
in leaving was:
(1) Rousseau
(2) Comenius Sh
(3) Pestalozzi
(4) Herbart (answer) ar
44. Monica is 9 years old and has always done thingsma
independently. However, what her parents tend to find more
bothersome is her total lack of concern about their approval or
disapproval of the things she does. Monica appears
(1) To have developed a healthy attachment to her parents.
(2) To have failed to develop an attachment to her parents.
(answer)
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(3) To be redefining her attachment with her parents.
(4) To be overly attached to her parents.
u
(2) Admit his ignorance (answer)
Sh
(3) put off by promising to tell the next day
(4) Snub the student
ar
46. The disadvantaged child’s chances for success in school will
be maximized when:
ma
(1) He/she is given a high concentration of skills subjects
(2) He/she is provided with vocational training earlier than
other children
(3) He/she is treated like any other child
(4) His/her intellectual potential is discovered and his/her
educational deficiencies are overcome (answer)
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47. According to John Bowlby, children become depressed as a
result of
(1) Self-devaluing cognitive schema.
(2) Exposure to prolonged, uncontrollable negative experiences.
u
Sh
48. “The individual develops through the head, the heart, and
the hand”, this was the educational philosophy of:
(1) Herbart
(2) Comenius
ar
(3) Pestalozzi (answer)
(4) Froebel ma
49. Asking questions form the students is an important aspect of
teaching. What purpose does it achieve?
(1) Students may remain alert
(2) Students should understand the lesson
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(3) Students should participate actively in going through the
lesson
(4) All the three depending on the subject taught (answer)
u
(2) giving proper guidance (answer)
(3) giving examples
Sh
(4) delivering speech in class
ar
51. A parent of a fourth grader refuse to give permission for her
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52. The cognitive structures into which children organize their
behaviour and knowledge are called
(1) Accommodations
Ar (2) Frameworks
(3) Operations
u
(4) Schemata (answer)
Sh
53. An increase in comprehension skill is most likely to result
from:
(1) Guided silent reading (answer)
ar
(2) Guided oral reading
(3) Unstructured silent reading
(4) The teacher reading to the class
ma
54. Education is called a triangular process. Which are the three
sides of the triangle?
(1) School, Knowledge, Teacher
(2) Books, School, Teacher
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(3) Social environment, Teacher and Students (answer)
(4) None of these
55. Piaget claimed that all of the following are true of his stages
u
the same age. (answer)
(2) All children throughout the world pass through the stages in
the same order.
Sh
(3) All normal children reach the stage of concrete operations.
ar
(4) The changes from stage to stage can sometimes be very
abrupt.
ma
56. Kindergarten system of education was contributed by-
(1) T. P. Nunn
(2) Spencer
(3) Froebel (answer)
(4) Montessori
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57. A child who frequently loses his/her place where reading can
be temporarily helped by
(1) Allowing him/her to fingerpoint
(2) Giving him/her a card to place under each line being read
Ar (answer)
(3) Providing him/her with a large-print reader such as those
u
used by the visually handicapped
(4) Letting him/her listen to taped stores
Sh
58. Of the following activities in a science class, the one with
least educational value is
(1) Viewing a filmstrip ar
(2) Constructing a model
(3) Drawing a design
(4) Reading about a simple experiment (answer)
ma
59. Montessori System of education is based on
(1) Freedom to the child to play games
(2) Motivation of children by the teachers
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(3) Development of the talents of the child
(4) Freedom to the child to express his interests (answer)
u
pass through the stages in an unvarying sequence.
(2) Certain tasks may be solved without the underlying
Sh
operations that Piaget claimed were necessary.
(3) Piaget underestimated the capabilities of infants.
ar
(4) Cross-cultural findings suggest that Piaget may have
overemphasized the importance of schooling and other
experiential factors. (answer)
ma
61. A teacher notes poor attendance in class on Fridays, the day
weekly tests are given. The teacher should
(1) Call the parents of the absentees
(2) Schedule tests throughout the week (answer)
(3) Do nothing
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(4) Tell the pupils that missing two tests will result in a failing
mark
u
(3) to link the education with employment
Sh
(4) to delink the degree with education
ar
63. When 4-year-old Andy hears a concerto on the radio, he
begins to move his hands up and down in a motion that
resembles a person playing the piano. Andy's behaviour
exemplifies Piaget's
(1) Sensorimotor stage.
(2) Preoperational stage. (answer)
ma
(3) Concrete thinking stage.
(4) Formal operational stage.
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(1) Only those children reading on grade level
(2) Only those children who can spell and also, can write
cohesive sentences
(3) Only those children who want to write for the newspaper of
Ar the class
(4) All children (answer)
u
65. When the majority of pupils in a science class is well below
Sh
grade level in reading, the teacher should
(1) Read to the class from the text book
ar
(2) Plan many hands-on activities (answer)
(3) Show many filmstrips
(4) Prepare many dittoed sheets for the pupils to use
ma
66. There is tension among villagers and you are teacher there.
What will you do ?
(1) You will inform "Gram Pradhan"
(2) You will try to pacify them (answer)
(3) You will report to police
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(4) You will keep distance from them
u
(3) When the child enters junior high school
(4) In high school economics classes
Sh
68. Concrete operations allow the child to
ar
(1) Mentally construct hypotheses and theories.
(2) Imagine the necessary steps in solving a problem.
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(3) talk to clerks in office
(4) check home work of students (answer)
u
(2) Evaluate his/her materials, methods and approaches to
children (answer)
Sh
(3) Consult the class and agree upon a graduated series of
punishments
ar
(4) Call a parent – teacher meeting to discuss the situation
ma
71. To be successful with an overactive child, the teacher should
(1) Give the child extra written work so he/she will have a
reason for remaining in his/her seat
(2) Allow the child to leave his/her seat whenever he/she
becomes restless
(3) Provide the child with purposeful activities that legitimize
the need for movement (answer)
(4) Isolate the child from the class
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72. …………………… refers to all the mental activities associated
with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
(1) Sensation
Ar (2) Perception
(3) Conception
u
(4) Cognition (answer)
Sh
73. The formal operational thinker is
ar
(1) More tied to reality than the preoperational or concrete
operational child who uses a sort of pseudo-logic.
ma
(2) Exceptionally insightful about the practical aspects of life.
(3) Demanding of a literally true answer to most problems.
(4) Capable of abstraction. (answer)
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(3) The idea of development following a series of stages has not
been well supported by the evidence.
(4) Assimilation and accommodation do not work the way he
described.
Ar 75. The question "Will the shy child who never speaks turn into
u
a quiet, shy adult or will the child become a sociable, talkative
person?" is concerned with which developmental issue?
(1) Maturation
Sh
(2) Continuity and discontinuity
ar
(3) Cultural universals versus cultural relativism
(4) Nature and nurture (answer)
ma
76. The ____________ approach deals with how individuals
analyze their many sources of information and the numerous
steps used to make sense of this information.
(1) Critical thinking
(2) Information processing (answer)
(3) Cognitive monitoring
(4) Decisional
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77. You show a seven-year-old a grocery shopping list of 10
items and ask him to remember them when you go to the
supermarket. You indicate that he can do this better if he
u
(1) Organization. (answer)
(2) Attention.
Sh
(3) Short-term memory rehearsal.
(4) Salience.
ar
78. What is most important for a teacher ?
(1) to maintain discipline in class
(2) to be punctual in class
ma
(3) to remove difficulties of students (answer)
(4) to be good orator
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(1) Bright children are likely to have a higher incidence of
emotional problems
(2) Slow learners are likely to have greater manual dexterity
(3) Slow learners are likely to be physically stronger
u
80. "I am primarily interested in thinking processes; I am a
__________ psychologist."
(1) Cognitive (answer)
(2) Learning
Sh
(3) Perception
ar
(4) Personality
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82. In Piaget’s theory, the sensorimotor stage marks the period
from-
(1) 1 year to 3 years
(2) 2 years to 4 years
u
Sh
83. The best procedure for a teacher to adopt with a pupil who
frequently stammers in class is to
(1) Afford the child ample opportunity to recite to the class
(2) Ignore the child
ar
ma
(3) Suggest that the parents seek professional help (answer)
(4) Suggest that the parents apply of home instruction
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(4) The functionalists.
u
(2) Tell the student to read their text
(3) Show an interesting filmstrip
Sh
(4) Stimulate pupil thought by advancing a few personal
proposals (answer)
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(1) Well-structured lessons
(2) Independent study (answer)
(3) Programmed instruction
(4) Workbooks
Ar
u
88. Individual differences within a class are best handled by
(1) Coaching slow children after school
Sh
(2) Giving the bright students free reading time
(3) Peer tutoring
ar
(4) Organizing groups for specific purposes (answer)
self-actualization? ma
89. Which of the following best describes Maslow's concept of
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90. Kindergarten system of education was contributed by-
(1) T. P. Nunn
(2) Spencer
(3) Froebel (answer)
Ar (4) Montessori
u
91. A child who frequently loses his/her place where reading can
be temporarily helped by
Sh
(1) Allowing him/her to fingerpoint
ar
(2) Giving him/her a card to place under each line being read
(answer)
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(3) Drawing a design
(4) Reading about a simple experiment (answer)
u
(2) Motivation of children by the teachers
(3) Development of the talents of the child
Sh
(4) Freedom to the child to express his interests (answer)
ar
94. Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been criticized
for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
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(4) Cross-cultural findings suggest that Piaget may have
overemphasized the importance of schooling and other
experiential factors. (answer)
u
(1) you will allow him to ask unrelated question
(2) you will not allow him to ask unrealated question
Sh
(3) you will consider it indiscipline and punish him
(4) you will answer the question after the class (answer)
ar
96. A quite, reserved fourth grader brings roadmaps to school
should ma
and looks at them whenever he gets a chance. The teacher
(1) Encourage the pupil to talk about them during a show and
tell period (answer)
(2) Tell the pupil the leave the maps at home
(3) Take the maps away
(4) Plan a unit on maps and globes
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97. The normal twelve –year –old child is most likely to:
(1) Have difficulty with gross motor coordination
(2) Have anxiety feelings about pleasing adults
(3) Confine his/her interests to the here and now
u
98. The discovery method of teaching is best exemplified by
(1) Play activities
(2) Rote learning Sh
ar
(3) Independent study projects (answer)
(4) The open textbook lesson
ma
99. In __________ reinforcement, the re-enforcer follows every
correct response.
(1) Intermittent
(2) Partial
(3) Negative
(4) Continuous (answer)
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100. The best procedure for a teacher to follow when a pupil
habitually calls out in class is to
(1) ask for a percent conference
u
appropriately
(3) call on the pupil to answer questions that are within his/her
ability level (answer)
Sh
In order to succeed ar
you must fail, ma
so that you know
what not to do
40