Section A

Ans. to the question no.1

The way human relationships, behaviors, and cultural standards evolve through time is called

social change. These changes eventually modify cultural and social institutions, beliefs, and

regulations, all of which will have a long-term effect on society. These changes are not always

positive or negative, but they are significant. On the surface, we may not perceive societal

change; one change might take years, if not centuries, of work. Ideological, political, and

economic changes are often the catalysts for change in how and when we interact with others.

Typically, social change begins from the bottom and works its way up, first to the individual,

then to society as a whole, and then to legislators and those in positions of power. However, it

may occasionally shift from the top down, such as when a new leader takes power. This means

that in order to affect a difference, we will need to listen to others' perspectives and engage in

sometimes painful talks. It's about listening to someone else's point of view on a topic, even if

you don't agree with them. It is more about perseverance and standing up for what you believe

in, even when it's difficult.

Understanding the changing social order, which is one of the widest ways of looking at social

change, is the next theoretical phase in social change. While social change is an ongoing event in

society, there are two forms of social change: processes of change within the social structure

(which serves to preserve that structure) and processes of change that can transform the structure

as a whole, often known as "societal change." There are several more methods to categorize

social change. Social change may occur on a local scale, but it does not necessarily reach the

entire society. For example, changes may occur inside a tribal entity but not within the larger

government in which the tribe is located. For example, a small hamlet may opt to live a more
environmentally friendly lifestyle by collectively recycling plastic and picking up rubbish,

despite the fact that the region in which they reside may not have any laws requiring it or setting

any precedents.

The simplest method for a personal problem to become a public one is through aggregation.

When a person is jobless, for example, it is a personal matter; yet, when 20% of the population is

unemployed, it is a public one. In the same vein, having an alcohol addiction is a personal

problem; however, when 25% of the population is heavy drinkers, it becomes a public one.

When a personal problem becomes a structural aspect of society, it becomes a public concern.

Clearly, the true causes of these public crises are a specific social mechanism, not a mere

aggregate. According to Mills, problems arise when a community's ideals are threatened, and this

occurs as a result of the structural contradictions of social development. For example, war-

affected populations, such as war refugees, face personal difficulties, and the values they hold

dear (peace, security, health, etc.) are jeopardized. And the conflict is the result of structural

tensions, such as a democratic political system meant to keep up with the times, which elects and

places in power country leaders who are eager to go to war with ease.

History is the study of previous events and people, as well as a continuous, usually

chronological, record of significant or public occurrences, as well as a specific trend or

institution. Biographies, on the other hand, are books about someone's life, generally someone

important who has made significant contributions to the world or who has led an amazing life,

such as Steve Jobs and Malala Yousafzai. Both history and biography are subjective and

incorporate parts of the past. Biographies may help people comprehend history, and history can

help people understand biographies by providing context.

 Section B

Ans. to the question no. 1

When a person leaves the familiarity of their home and intimate settings and enters an

unexpected area, culture shock develops. The transition phase can be lengthy, especially if the

two areas are drastically different, such as moving from a small rural region to a huge city or

relocating to a foreign nation. When people move from one place to another within the same

nation, they may experience culture shock. Culture shock seldom occurs as a result of a single

event, nor does it happen suddenly or without explanation. Instead, it develops over time as a

result of a sequence of events, and culture shock can be difficult to spot when dealing with it.

In the country that I’ve been sent to work on, is totally a different country when it comes to

culture, lifestyle etc. Of course, it’ll be much hard to adjust. Because their lifestyle, social

system, mentality, food habits etc. none will match with mine. Talking about the citizens of that

particular country, it is quite simple that they will find some shocking things in my culture

comparing to theirs. Because their culture and my culture are not the exact match. This will

result to Culture Shock for both of us. The lifestyle, sociology of my country differs in a great

way from theirs.

Ans. to the question no. 3

Symbolic interactionism is a methodological perspective to comprehending the human-society

connection. Symbolic interactionism's primary premise is that human behavior and interaction

can only be understood via the interchange of constructive discourse or symbols.