Class XI A

CONIC SECTIONS
AIL MATHEMATICS
CONIC SECTION
CIRCLE
DEFINITION
•A circle is the set of all points in
a plane that I equal distance
from a fixed point in a plane….
EQUATION OF CIRCLE.
•Given C be the centre R be the
radius of the circle P be any point
on the circle.
(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2= r^2 …
EQUATION OF CIRCLE.
REAL LIFE APPLICATION
 ELLIPSE
Definition of Ellipse
Standard Equations of Ellipse
Applications of Ellipse
 DEFINITION
• An ellipse is the set of all points in a plane, the sum of whose
distances from two fixed points in the plane is a constant.
STANDARD EQUATIONS OF ELLIPSE
 APPLICATIONS OF ELLIPSE
1. Rugby ball

A rugby ball is an elongated ellipsoidal ball

used in rugby football.

One of the advantages to an elliptical ball is that

it can be thrown accurately for long distances.
 2. Solar System
The paths of the planets and some comets
around the Sun are approximately elliptical,
with the Sun at one of the foci.

An ellipse can be very long and thin, or it can

be quite round - almost like a circle.
Scientists use a special term, "eccentricity",
to describe how round or how "stretched out"
an ellipse is. If the eccentricity of an ellipse
is close to one (like 0.8 or 0.9), the ellipse is
long and skinny. If the eccentricity is close to
zero, the ellipse is more like a circle.
PARABOLA
• A parabola is formed by the
intersection of a plane and a
right circular cone.
• Where alpha=beta.
• A parabola is the set of all
points in a plane that are
equidistant From a fixed line
and a fixed plane.
• All parabolas contain a focus,
a directrix, and an axis of
symmetry.
 Equations of parabola

Y^2=-4ax X^2=-4ay

Y^2=4ax

X^2=4ay
 Application of parabola in Real Life

• When liquid is rotated, the forces of

gravity result in the liquid forming a
parabola-like shape. The most common
example is when you stir up orange juice
in a glass by rotating it round its axis. The
juice level rises round the edges while
falling slightly in the center of the glass
(the axis). Another example of rotating
liquids is the whirlpool.
 • The cables that act as suspension
on the Golden Gate Bridge are
parabolas

The Bellagio's fountains in Las

Vegas, exhibit water in the
shape of parabolas
• Parabolas are also used in satellite dishes to help reflect
signals that then go to a receiver. This specific satellite is
the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, which
operates the world premiere astronomical telescope
operating from centimeter to millimeter wavelengths, and
is located in Green Bank, West Virginia. Signals that go
directly to the satellite will reflect off and back to the
receiver after bouncing off the focus due to parabolas
reflective properties.

• Some heaters are made

that use the reflective
properties of parabolas.
The heat source is at the
focus and heat is
concentrated in parallel
rays.
 HYPERBOLA
It is the set of all points in a
plane, the differences of
whose distance from two
fixed points in the plane is
a constant.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF HYPERBOLA
Cooling Towers of Nuclear Reactors
The hyperboloid is the design standard for all nuclear
cooling towers. It is structurally sound and can be built with
straight steel beams.
When designing these cooling towers, engineers were
faced with two problems:
(1) the structutre must be able to withstand high winds and
(2) they should be built with as little material as possible.
The hyperbolic form solves both of these problems. For a
given diameter and height of a tower and a given strength,
this shape requires less material than any other form. A 500
foot tower can be made of a reinforced concrete shell only
six or eight inches wide. See the picture (this nuclear power
plant is located in Indiana).
Kobe Port Tower
Kobe Port Tower in the port of Kobe city,
Hyogo Prefecture has the same shape. It is
formed with straight pipes but the entire
shape is a Hyperbola.

Gear Transmission
Gear Transmission has a pair of hyperbolic
gears. It is with skewed axles and hourglass
shape giving hyperbola shape. The hyperbolic
gears transmit motion to the skewed axle.
Sonic Boom
In 1953, a pilot flew over an Air Force Base flying
faster than the speed of sound. He damaged every
building on the base. As the plane moves faster
than the speed of sound, you get a cone-like wave.
Where the cone intersects the ground, it is an
hyperbola.The sonic boom hits every point on that
curve at the same time. No sound is heard outside
the curve. The hyperbola is known as the "Sonic
Boom Curve."

Lampshade
A household lamp casts hyperbolic
shadows on a wall. just like in the picture