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Building information modeling (BIM) in

Malaysian construction industry: Benefits


and future challenges
Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2016, 020105 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5055507
Published Online: 27 September 2018

Suria Musa, Amanda Marshall-Ponting, Faizatul Akmar Abdul Nifa, and Syairah Aimi Shahron

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Building information modeling (BIM) adoption challenges for contractor’s organisations in


Malaysia
AIP Conference Proceedings 2016, 020148 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5055550

An overview of BIM uptake in Asian developing countries


AIP Conference Proceedings 1903, 080008 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5011596

AIP Conference Proceedings 2016, 020105 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5055507 2016, 020105

© 2018 Author(s).
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Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Applied Science and Technology (ICAST’18)
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Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1734-2/$30.00

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