MITIGATION AND

MONITORING
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
▪ Mitigation and some examples
▪ Monitoring and EMoP, EMP
▪ EIA Audit
▪ EIS Writing

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 2

 GENERIC EIA PROCESS
▪ screening/scoping
▪ baseline studies
▪ impact identification
▪ impact prediction
▪ impact evaluation/mitigation/EMP
▪ Management & monitoring/feedback
mechanism/Audit
▪ Documentation (EIS)
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 3
MITIGATION
MITIGATION - Involves taking measures to reduce
or remove environmental impacts
Land
It includes the following:
Water

successful design of mitigation measures could possibly result

Air
in the removal of all significant impacts;
People
Many mitigating measures do not define physical changes but
require management or institutional changes or additional Flora
investment.
Fauna

Mitigating measures may also be procedural changes Other

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 5

MITIGATION - Aims to avoid, minimize, remedy or
compensate the predicted adverse impacts of the project

Selection of alternative production techniques and/ or

location

Modification of methods and timing of construction

Modification of design features, site boundaries (e.g.

landscaping)

Minimization of operational impacts (e.g. wastes,

pollutants
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 6
SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO WATER IMPACT ISSUES

Damage to riparian
features
• use of natural materials for
bank protection and
stabilization eg. use of
vegetational fingers and bank
side trees

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 7

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO WATER IMPACT ISSUES

Increased sediment
loads and turbidity
• select appropriate
equipment and timing

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 8

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO WATER IMPACT ISSUES

Impacts of dams
and reservoirs
• adjust size and
location
• minimize height and
slope of
embankment, plant
with trees
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 9
SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO WATER IMPACT ISSUES

Chemical pollution
• use of oil traps, siltation
traps/ponds/lagoons

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 10

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO WATER IMPACT ISSUES

Water depletion by
abstraction
• minimize water use, eg.
metering and installation
of water efficient
equipment and appliances

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 11

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO WATER IMPACT ISSUES

Increased runoff
• efficient pipe drainage and
sewer systems

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 12

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO WATER IMPACT ISSUES

Increased sewage
• increased capacity or
sewage treatment level

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 13

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO AVOID SOIL EROSION

Minimize vegetation removal and

revegetate bare area

avoid steep slopes

Install suitable drainage systems to

direct water away from slopes
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 14
SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO AVOID SOIL EROSION

Avoid driving away soils , use wide

tires to spread weight by vehicles

Use single tracks or vehicles in

areas

Cultivate the area after compaction

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 15

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO SOIL CONTAMINATION
• Removal of contamination for off site
disposal
• In situ and ex-situ bioremediation
• Vacuum extraction and pump and treat
methods : for removal of contaminants
of ground water

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 16

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO NOISE
• equipment to be use -
less noise production
• combustion engines fitted
with silencers
• well maintained
equipment produce less
noise
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 17
SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO NOISE
• Sound barriers
• Acoustic fencing or other
screens
• Tree plantings or artificial
materials
• Good site planning can
minimize noise
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 18
 • Realigning site boundaries
SOME TYPICAL
• Incorporate features that mimimize pollution, soil
MITIGATION RELATING erosion and run off
TO FLORA AND FAUNA • Restrict extent of access roads

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 19

5 MAIN THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY

• Habitat loss
• Introduced species
• Pollution
• Population growth
• Over consumption

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 20

21

SOME TYPICAL
MITIGATION RELATING
TO FLORA AND FAUNA

• Minimize storage of
construction materials and
apply appropriate storage,
handling and management of
soils
• Minimize waste and employ
pollution prevention measures
• Minimize damage to vegetation
and soils

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO FLORA AND FAUNA
• Designate protection zones
• Planting native trees/plants during the
landscaping stage of a project can
increase the biodiversity in an area
• Create seed banks
• Avoid major construction phase during
periods where taxa are particularly
vulnerable to disturbance

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 22

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION RELATING
TO HERITAGE
• Preservation in situ –
means leaving the
archeological site
undisturbed
• Preserve site within the
design of the
development
• Less structurally
demanding elements of
development
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 23
24

SOME TYPICAL MITIGATION

RELATING TO LANDSCAPE
• Need for good project design
• Sensitive location and siting
• Site layout
• Appropriate form, materials
and design for built
structures
• Proper lighting
• Planting

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

SAMPLE MITIGATION PLANS

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SAMPLE MITIGATION PLANS

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MONITORING
MONITORING

continuous assessment of environmental or

socio- economic variables by systematic
collection of specific data in space and time

Can be continuous eg. use of recording

instruments , data collections and baseline
surveys

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 28

MONITORING
Baseline monitoring
• may be carried out over seasons or years to
quantify ranges of variation
Compliance monitoring
• aims to check specific conditions and standards
are met
Impact and mitigation monitoring
• aims to compare predicted and actual impacts to
determine effectiveness of mitigation
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 29
THREE REQUIREMENTS ESSENTIAL TO
MONITORING:

Baseline data

Funding to carry out the monitoring survey

Sufficient contingency funds to enable

modifications to mitigation measures being made

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 30

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 31
 CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Sampling & Measurement Plan EQPL MANAGEMENT SCHEME
Estimate
Key environmental Potential impacts EQPL range (a) Management
Parameter to be Lead d
aspects per Project per environmental Frequenc measure
monitored Method Location Person annual ALERT ACTIO LIMIT ALERT ACTIO LIMIT
phase sector y
cost N N
Site preparation Soil contamination Construction solid Ocular Daily Project PCO 30,000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Erection of structures (LC) waste site
Construction of Ambient air TSP (c) As 4 points PCO 100,000 155 186 207 (f) (g) (h)
ancillaries and pollution (AC) required
amenities Ambient air SO2 (d) As 4 points PCO 122 146 162 (f) (g) (h)
pollution (AC) required
Ambient air NO2 (e) As 4 points PCO 101 122 135 (f) (g) (h)
pollution (AC) required

NOTES: LC – Land Component; AC – Air Component; TDB – to be determined prior to start of construction; N/A – not applicable; EQPL values: Limit → 90% of the standard; Alert
→ 75% of Limit; Action → 90% of Limit; (a) Final values for limits, action, and alert levels will be determined from monitoring data; Units: ug/ncm for ambient air and mg/li water
quality parameters; (b) Included in construction costs; (c) Sampling method: 24h High Volume Sampler; Analytical method: Gravimetric USEPA 40 CFR, Part 50, Appendix B; (d)
Sampling method: 24-hr Gas Bubbler; Analytical method: Pararosaniline Method; (e) Sampling method: 24-hr Gas Bubbler; Analytical method: Griess-Saltzman or
Chemiluminescence Method; (f) ID pollutant source (construction activity or equipment); (g) Implement appropriate corrective action at identified pollutant source; (h)
Temporary stoppage or replacement of identified construction activity or equipment

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

 OPERATION PHASE
Sampling & measurement Plan EQPL Management Scheme
Key environmental aspects Potential impacts per Lead Estimated EQPL range (a) Management measure
Parameter to be monitored
per Project phase environmental sector Method Frequency Location person annual cost
ALERT ACTION LIMIT ALERT ACTION LIMIT

- Unloading, loading, Surface water pollution (WC) BTEX-Benzene (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 0.34 0.38 0.45 (e) (f) (g)
storage of substances
Surface water pollution (WC) BTEX-Ethyl benzene (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 5.06 5.74 6.75 (e) (f) (g)
and mixtures
- Daily operations Surface water pollution (WC) BTEX-Toluene (b) Quarterly (c) PCO (e) (f) (g)
13.50 15.30 18
Surface water pollution (WC) BTEX-Xylenes (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 10.13 11.48 13.5 (e) (f) (g)

Surface water pollution (WC) Chloride (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 303.75 344.25 405 (e) (f) (g)

Surface water pollution (WC) Chromium (Cr6) (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 0.01 0.02 0.018 (e) (f) (g)

Surface water pollution (WC) COD (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 67.50 76.50 90 (e) (f) (g)

Surface water pollution (WC) (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 0.03 0.03 0.036 (e) (f) (g)
Copper (dissolved)
Surface water pollution (WC) Cyanide (Free) (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 80,000 (e) (f) (g)
0.14 0.15 0.18
Surface water pollution (WC) Fluoride (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 1.35 1.53 1.8 (e) (f) (g)

Surface water pollution (WC) Iron (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 5.06 5.74 6.75 (e) (f) (g)

Surface water pollution (WC) Lead (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 0.07 0.08 0.09 (e) (f) (g)

Surface water pollution (WC) Nickel (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 0.68 0.77 0.9 (e) (f) (g)

Surface water pollution (WC) Nitrate as NO3-N (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 9.45 10.71 12.6 (e) (f) (g)

Surface water pollution (WC) Oil and Grease (b) Quarterly (c) PCO 3.38 3.83 4.5 (e) (f) (g)

Surface water pollution (WC) Phenol & Phenolic (b) Quarterly (c) PCO (e) (f) (g)
0.34 0.38 0.45
Substances

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

 OPERATION PHASE
Sampling & measurement Plan EQPL Management Scheme
EQPL range (a) Management measure
Key environmental aspects per Potential impacts per Estimated ALERT ACTION LIMIT ALERT ACTION LIMIT
Parameter to be monitored Lead person
Project phase environmental sector Method Frequency Location annual cost

Surface water pollution (b) Quarterly (c) PCO (e) (f) (g)
Phosphate 0.68 0.77 0.9
(WC)
Surface water pollution Temperature (b) Quarterly (c) PCO (e) (f) (g)
2.03 2.30 2.7
(WC)
Surface water pollution Total Suspended Solids (b) Quarterly (c) PCO (e) (f) (g)
67.50 76.50 90
(WC)
Surface water pollution Trichloroethylene (b) Quarterly (c) PCO (e) (f) (g)
6.08 6.89 8.1
(WC)
Surface water pollution Zinc (b) Quarterly (c) PCO (e) (f) (g)
2.70 3.06 3.6
(WC)
Manufacturing of paint Ambient air pollution (AC) TSP (h) Annually 4 points PCO 155 186 207 (e) (f) (g)
(Work Environment
Ambient air pollution (AC) SO2 (i) Annually 4 points PCO 50,000 122 146 162 (e) (f) (g)
Measurement and
Personal Sampling) Ambient air pollution (AC) NO2 (j) Annually 4 points PCO 101 122 135 (e) (f) (g)
Workplace (AC) Volatile Organic DOLE Annually TBD SO (e) (f) (g)
371 445 495
Compound
Workplace (AC) Dust DOLE Annually TBD SO 10 13 15 (e) (f) (g)
Workplace (AC) Ventilation Rate DOLE Annually TBD SO 3.9 5.0 5.56 (e) (f) (g)
Workplace (AC) Xylene DOLE Annually TBD SO 75,000 304 391 435 (e) (f) (g)
Workplace (AC) Benzene DOLE Annually TBD SO 56 72 80 (e) (f) (g)
Workplace (AC) Toluene DOLE Annually TBD SO 262 337 375 (e) (f) (g)
Workplace (AC) Ethylbenzene DOLE Annually TBD SO 304 391 435 (e) (f) (g)
Land pollution Disposal of hazardous TSD EMB As TBD PCO
and non-hazardous
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National required 500,000
waste
 OPERATION PHASE
Sampling & measurement Plan EQPL Management Scheme
EQPL range (a) Management measure
Key environmental aspects per Potential impacts per Estimated ALERT ACTION LIMIT ALERT ACTION LIMIT
Parameter to be monitored Lead person
Project phase environmental sector Method Frequency Location annual cost

NOTES: WC – Water Component; (a) Final values for limits, action, and alert levels will be determined from monitoring data; Units: mg/li water quality parameters; effluent standards based on
Class C water body. Soil values based on Dutch Intervention Values in mg/kg; (b) EMB Approved Methods of Analysis for Water and Wastewater (EMB Memorandum Circular #012 Series of
2016); (c) Effluent outfall; (d) Included in operation costs; (e) Identify pollutant source; conduct additional sampling; (f) Detailed assessment of operations; determine cause of elevated
concentrations; identify and prepare to implement corrective action options; (g) Implement corrective action; h) Sampling method: 24h High Volume Sampler; Analytical method: Gravimetric
USEPA 40 CFR, Part 50, Appendix B; (i) Sampling method: 24-hr Gas Bubbler; Analytical method: Pararosaniline Method; (j) Sampling method: 24-hr Gas Bubbler; Analytical method: Griess-
Saltzman or Chemiluminescence Method;

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

 ABANDONMENT PHASE
Guarantee/
Project phase/ Environmental component likely Options for prevention or Responsible
Potential impact Cost Financial
Environmental aspect to be affected mitigation or enhancement entity
arrangements
C. Abandonment Plan will be submitted to EMB-IVA six months prior to actual dismantling and decommissioning. It will
ABANDONMENT also involve the proper disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste to DENR- EMB accredited TSD

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

EIA AUDIT
(FOLLOW UP)
Audit
• an audit of the EIA process is carried out some
time after implementation
• relates to the post-approval phase of EIA and
encompasses monitoring of impacts, continued
environmental management of a project, and
impact auditing
• presents an opportunity both to control
environmental effects and to learn from the
process and cause-effect relationships.
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 38
Audit
• Data generated by monitoring and other
aspects of follow up should be
compared with the original predictions
and mitigation measures in the EIS to
determine :
• the accuracy of the original predictions
• the degree of the deviation from the
predictions

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 39

Audit
• the possible reasons for any deviation
• whether mitigation measures have achieved their
objective of reducing or eliminating impacts
• Information generated by this process can
contribute to the improvement of future EIA
practice, for example, by enabling more accurate
predictions to be made.

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EIS WRITING
EIS WRITING
• the outcome of an EIA is usually a formal
document, known as an environmental impact
statement (EIS).

• EIS are public documents intended to inform

the public of the nature and likely consequences
of a development in time to comment and/or
participate in the final project design.

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 42

EIS WRITING
• information presented in EIS must be clear and in
non-technical summary

• Must be transparent

• Presentation methods vary but can include maps,

graphs, tables and photographs

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 43

EIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION
Project Description

Baseline Environmental Conditions

Future Environmental Conditions

without the Project

Impact Assessment
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 44
EIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION

Environmental Management Plan

•Environmental Risk Assessment

Project or EIA team

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PEISS
The PEISS should contain at least the following:

• The Executive Summary

• Project description
• Matrix of the scoping agreement identifying the critical
issues and concerns, as validated by EMB
• Baseline environmental conditions focusing on the sectors
(and resources) most significantly affected by the proposed
action
• Impact assessment focused on significant environmental
impacts (in relation to project construction/commissioning,
operation and decommissioning ) taking into account
cumulative impacts
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 46
PEISS
The PEISS should contain at least the following:

• Environmental Risk Assessment if determined by EMB as

necessary during the scoping
• Environmental Management Program/ Plan
• Supporting documents, including technical / socio-economic data
used/ generated; certificate of zoning viability and municipal land
use plan and proof of consultation with stakeholders
• Proposals for Environmental Monitoring Guarantee Funds
including justification of amount, when required
• Accountability statement of EIA consultants and the project
proponent
• Other clearances and documents that may be determined and
agreed upon during the scoping
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 47
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• presents the important details
about the project including the
collective ideas that are
incorporated in the different
phases of the proposed plan.

• Other information like manpower

and equipment, timetable and
financial requirements are also
presented

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Project description shall contain the following:

Description of the Project

Location and area covered

Capitalization and manpower requirement;

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Project description shall contain the following:

For process industries, a listing of raw materials to be used,

description of the process or manufacturing technology, type
and volume of products and discharges:

A detailed location map of the impacted site showing

relevant features (e.g. slope, topography, human
settlements)

Timelines for construction and commissioning

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 50

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
• covers the detailed procedures,
characterization, and results of the
assessment on the different important
factors of the environment including water
(water quality), air (air and noise quality),
and land (land-use, geography, flora and
fauna)

• includes the presentation of the results for

socio-economic study and other community
assessment activities.
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 51
FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT

• presents the views of the

consultants of the probable
conditions of the environment
without the project on the next 15
to 25 years based on the common
practices and activities of the
community.

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 52

IMPACT ASSESSMENT

• presentation of the possible

impacts of the project in all of the
project phases, from construction
to abandonment stage. The
enumerated factors are organized
as to their geographic extent or
location, level of significance and
duration of impacts.

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 53

 LAND COMPONENT
Sub-component Key impact P C O A Options for prevention, mitigation, and enhancement Residual impact
Land use and Change/Inconsistency in land use A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI Secure Zoning Clearance from LGU No residual impact expected.
classification Encroachment in Environmentally A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No mitigation recommended. No residual impact expected.
Critical Areas (ECA)
Possible tenurial/ land issue A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No mitigation recommended. No residual impact expected.
Impairment of visual aesthetics A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No mitigation recommended. No residual impact expected.
Devaluation of land value as a result of A, NPI A, PI, A, PI, A, PI, ST - Implement a Hazardous Waste Management Plan (C, O, A) Devaluation of land due to
improper solid waste management ST LT - Dispose hazardous waste using DENR-accredited waste service improper waste management
providers (C, O, A) minimized.
Geology - Change in surface landform/ A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI Implement recommendations of the geotechnical study (C) No residual impact expected.
topography/ terrain/ slope
- Change in sub-surface/ underground
geomorphology
Inducement of subsidence, A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI Implement recommendations of the geotechnical study (C) Inducement of geohazards
liquefaction, landslides, mud/debris minimized.
flow
Geo- and hydrological hazards A, NPI A, PI, A, PI, A, NPI Implement recommendations of the geotechnical study (C) Reduced risk or susceptibility of
ST LT structures to geo- and hydrologic
hazards.
Pedology Soil erosion/ loss of topsoil/ A, NPI A, PI, A, NPI A, NPI - Optimize site development to minimize topsoil removal (C) Minimized soil erosion and
overburden ST - Proper stockpiling of soil overburden (C) removal of topsoil.
Change in soil quality/fertility A, NPI A, NPI A, PS, A, PS, LT - Implement a Spill and Leakage Management Plan (O) Soil contamination minimized.
LT - Install bunds at the storage tanks (O)
Terrestrial ecology Impacts to freshwater ecology A, NPI A, PI, ST A, PI, LT A, NPI Minimize removal of existing vegetation or equivalent Minimized adverse impacts to
replanting in case removal is inevitable (C) freshwater ecology
Maintenance, restoration or rehabilitation of some wooded
areas at the Project area (O)

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

NOTES: P = preconstruction; C= construction, O = operation; A = abandonment or closure; NPI – no perceived impact, A – adverse, B – Beneficial, PI –Potentially insignificant, PS – Potentially significant, LT – Long Term, ST – Short Term
 WATER COMPONENT
Sub-component Key Impact P C O A Options for prevention, mitigation, and enhancement Residual impact
Hydrology/ Change in drainage morphology A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No mitigation recommended. No residual impact expected.
Hydrogeology Change in stream depth and/ or A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No mitigation recommended. No residual impact expected.
reduction in volumetric flow
Inducement of flooding A, NPI A, NPI A, PI, A, NPI Proper design storm water drainage system (P) Reduced contribution of the
LT Maintenance of storm water drainage system (O) Project to local flooding.
Reduction/depletion of A, NPI A, PI, A, PI, A, NPI Implement a water management plan (C, O) Minimized depletion of
groundwater ST LT groundwater supply
Oceanography Change in circulation patterns A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No mitigation recommended. No residual impact expected.
Change in bathymetry A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No mitigation recommended. No residual impact expected.
Water Quality Degradation of water quality A, NPI A, PI, A, PS, A, PS, ST - Construction during the dry season if possible (C) Minimal contribution to existing
(stream) ST LT - Provide onsite sanitary facilities (C) water pollution.
- Provide and maintain adequate drainage leading to
siltation ponds (C)
- Proper management of construction works,
transportation materials and storage of construction
materials (C)
- Dedicated staging area for excavated materials and other
construction by-products (C)
- Provide adequate septic vaults (O)
- Practice water conservation and good housekeeping
practices (C, O)
- Install and properly operate a Wastewater Treatment
Facility, if required (O)
- Proper handling of excess stored products (A)
Fresh water ecology Impacts to freshwater ecology A, NPI A, PI A, PI A, PI Implement a Waste Management Plan (O) Minimized impact to freshwater
ecology

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

NOTES: P = preconstruction; C= construction, O = operation; A = abandonment or closure; NPI – no perceived impact, A – adverse, B – Beneficial, PI –Potentially insignificant, PS – Potentially significant, LT – Long Term, ST – Short Term
 AIR COMPONENT
Sub-component Key Impact P C O A Options for prevention, mitigation, and enhancement Residual impact
Meteorology Change in the local micro-climate A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No recommended mitigation. No residual impact expected.
Contribution in terms of greenhouse gas A, NPI A, PI, A, PI, A, NPI - Regular maintenance of the standby generator (C, O) Reduced GHG emissions and
emissions ST LT - Optimize use of heavy equipment and motor vehicles contribution climate change.
during construction (C)
- Installation of scrubber to minimize emission of toxic
gases and/or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during
the operation process
Air quality & Noise Degradation of air quality A, NPI A, PI, A, NPI A, NPI - Use dust suppression techniques (C) Minimized contribution to air
ST - Compacting of exposed soil surfaces (C) pollution.
- Provide tarpaulin cover on trucks loaded with
construction materials (C)
- Hauling of spoils/excavated earth materials immediately
after excavation (C)
- Regular maintenance of heavy equipment and motor
vehicles (C)
- Use of low-sulfur fuel (C)
- Installation of scrubber to minimize emission of toxic
gases and/or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during
the operation process
Noise pollution A, NPI A, PI, A, PI, A, NPI - Provide and maintain mufflers of gasoline or diesel Minimized noise during
ST LT engines powering equipment (C) construction.
- Minimize or avoiding noisy activities at night (C)
- Establish barriers and shielding stationary vibrating
equipment (C)

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

NOTES: P = preconstruction; C= construction, O = operation; A = abandonment or closure; NPI – no perceived impact, A – adverse, B – Beneficial, PI –Potentially insignificant, PS – Potentially significant, LT – Long Term, ST – Short Term
 PEOPLE COMPONENT
Key potential impact P C O A Options for prevention, mitigation, and enhancement Residual impact
Displacement of settlers, properties, A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No mitigation recommended. No residual impact expected.
conflict with land ownership
In-migration A, NPI A, PS A, PS A, PS No mitigation recommended. No residual impact expected.
Impacts on IPs/Cultures/Lifestyle A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No mitigation recommended. No residual impact expected.
Threat to public health, safety and A, NPI A, PI, ST A, PS, LT A, PI - Implement Construction Waste Management Minimized threat to public health and safety.
security Program (C)
- Implement a Traffic Management Plan (C, O)
- Implement safety and emergency response
protocols (O)
Local benefits from the Project B, NPI B, PS, ST B, PS, LT A, PS, LT - Prompt payment of applicable taxes (C, O) Additional benefits to the Barangay Turbina and
- Prioritize hiring of qualified Barangay Turbina Calamba City.
residents (C, O)
Threat to delivery of basic services A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI A, NPI No recommended mitigation. No residual impact expected.
and resource competition
Traffic contribution along impact A, NPI A, PI, ST A, PS, LT A, PI, ST Implement a Traffic Management Plan (C, O) Prevent traffic congestion.
roads

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

NOTES: P = preconstruction; C= construction, O = operation; A = abandonment or closure; NPI – no perceived impact, A – adverse, B – Beneficial, PI –Potentially insignificant, PS – Potentially significant, LT – Long Term, ST – Short Term
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
• presents the necessary mitigation measures to reduce
or prevent the negative impact of the project as well as
enhance the positive effects.

• also presents the monitoring activities that would

guarantee the project’s compliance with the
environmental standards

• defines the responsible parties and guarantees, and

management cost required

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 58

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 59
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Guarantee/
Project phase/ Environmental component likely Options for prevention or Responsible
Potential impact Cost Financial
Environmental aspect to be affected mitigation or enhancement entity
Arrangements
A. CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Site preparation (LAND) Land use and classification Change/Inconsistency in land use Secure Zoning Clearance from LGU Company X Part of pre- -
Erection of structures construction
Construction of permitting cost
ancillaries, (LAND) Land use and classification Encroachment in Environmentally No recommended mitigation - - -
dismantling of staging Critical Areas (ECA)
area
(LAND) Land use and classification Possible tenurial/ land issue No tenurial or land ownership issue. - - -
No recommended mitigation
(LAND) Land use and classification Impairment of visual aesthetics Site is located in a built-up area. No - - -
mitigation recommended.
(LAND) Land use and classification Devaluation of land value as a result - Proper waste management Contractor and Part of Stipulate in the
of improper solid waste - Commission a DENR- Company X construction costs construction
management accredited TSD for hazardous contract
wastes
(LAND) Geology - Change in surface landform/ Implement recommendations of the Contractor and Part of Stipulate in the
topography/ terrain/ slope geotechnical study. Company X construction costs construction
- Change in sub-surface/ contract
underground geomorphology
(LAND) Geology Inducement of subsidence, Implement recommendations of the Contractor and Part of Stipulate in the
liquefaction, landslides, mud/debris geotechnical study. Company X construction costs construction
flow contract
(LAND) Geology Geo- and hydrological hazards Implement recommendations of the Contractor and Part of Stipulate in the
geotechnical study. Company X construction costs construction
contract

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

 CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Guarantee/
Project phase/ Environmental component likely Options for prevention or Responsible
Potential impact Cost Financial
Environmental aspect to be affected mitigation or enhancement entity
arrangements
(LAND) Pedology Soil erosion/ loss of topsoil/ overburden - Optimize site development to Contractor and Part of construction Stipulate in the
and bank stability minimize topsoil removal. Company X costs construction
- Proper stockpiling of soil contract
overburden.
(LAND) Pedology Change in soil quality/fertility Site is located in a built-up area. No - - -
mitigation recommended.
(LAND) Terrestrial biology Vegetation removal and loss of habitat, - Minimize removal of existing Contractor and Part of construction Stipulate in the
threat to existence of important local vegetation Company X costs construction
species, threat to abundance, frequency - Equivalent replanting in case contract
and distribution of important species - removal is inevitable.
and hindrance to wildlife species - Secure Tree Cutting Permit
(WATER) Hydrology/ Hydrogeology Change in drainage morphology No mitigation recommended. - - -
(WATER) Hydrology/ Hydrogeology Change in stream depth and /or No mitigation recommended. - - -
reduction in volumetric flow
(WATER) Hydrology/ Hydrogeology Inducement of flooding Proper of design storm water drainage Contractor and Part of construction Stipulate in the
system Company X costs construction
contract
(WATER) Hydrology/ Hydrogeology Reduction/depletion of groundwater Implement a water management plan Contractor and Part of construction Stipulate in the
Company X costs construction
contract
(WATER) Oceanography Change in circulation patterns Not applicable. No mitigation - - -
recommended.
(WATER) Oceanography Change in bathymetry Not applicable. No mitigation - - -
recommended.
(WATER) Water quality Degradation of water quality (stream) - Proper housekeeping practices Contractor and Part of construction Stipulate in the
- Provide onsite sanitary facilities Company X costs construction
during construction contract
- Provide and maintain adequate
drainage leading to siltation
ponds
- Proper management of
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National
construction works,
transportation materials and
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Guarantee/
Project phase/ Environmental component likely Options for prevention or Responsible
Potential impact Cost Financial
Environmental aspect to be affected mitigation or enhancement entity
arrangements
(WATER) Freshwater ecology Impact to freshwater biodiversity - Cover stockpiles with bund and Contractor and Part of construction Stipulate in the
drainage canals leading to silt Company X costs construction
pond contract
- Construction during the dry
season if possible
- Implement a waste construction
management program.
- Provide onsite sanitation facilities
(AIR) Meteorology Change in the local micro-climate No recommended mitigation. - - -
(AIR) Meteorology Contribution in terms of greenhouse gas - Regular maintenance of the Contractor and Part of construction Stipulate in the
emissions standby generator Company X costs construction
- Optimize use of heavy equipment contract
and motor vehicles during
construction
(AIR) Air quality & noise Degradation of air quality (fugitive dust) - Water application at active Contractor and Part of construction Stipulate in the
construction sites and access Company X costs construction
roads contract
- Regular maintenance of heavy
equipment and motor vehicles.
- Compacting of exposed soil
- Tarpaulin cover on trucks loaded
with construction materials
- Impose speed limits to vehicles
(15-20 kph)
(AIR) Air quality & noise Degradation of air quality (gaseous Regular maintenance of heavy Contractor and Part of construction Stipulate in the
emissions) equipment and motor vehicles Company X costs construction
contract
(AIR) Air quality & noise Noise pollution - Maintenance of motor vehicle Contractor and Part of construction Stipulate in the
and heavy equipment mufflers. Company X costs construction
- Provision of barriers and shielding contract
stationary vibrating equipment;
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National and
- Restrict construction activities
 CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Guarantee/
Project phase/ Environmental component likely Options for prevention or Responsible
Potential impact Cost Financial
Environmental aspect to be affected mitigation or enhancement entity
arrangements
People component Threat to public health , safety and - Implement Construction Company X Part of Stipulate in the
security Waste Management Program construction construction
- Implement a Traffic costs contract
Management Plan
- Implement safety and
emergency response protocols
People component Local benefits from the Project - Prompt payment of applicable Company X Part of Stipulate in the
taxes construction construction
- Priority hiring of qualified costs contract
residents.
People component Threat to delivery of basic services No recommended mitigation. - - -
and resource competition
People component Traffic along impact roads Implement a Traffic Management Company X Part of Stipulate in the
Plan construction construction
costs contract

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

 OPERATION PHASE
Guarantee/
Project phase/ Environmental component likely Options for prevention or Responsible
Potential impact Cost Financial
Environmental aspect to be affected mitigation or enhancement entity
arrangements
- Transfer of (LAND) Land use and classification Soil contamination hazardous - Implement a Hazardous Company X 500,000 Report
substances and wastes Waste Management Plan Management accomplishment
mixtures from - Haul hazardous waste using in SMR and CMR.
ship to storage DENR-accredited waste
tanks service providers
- Loading of (LAND) Geology - Change in surface landform/ No recommended mitigation. - - -
stored topography/ terrain/ slope
substances and - Change in sub-surface/
mixtures from underground geomorphology
tanks to tank (LAND) Geology Inducement of subsidence, No recommended mitigation. - - -
trucks liquefaction, landslides, mud/debris
- Other facility flow
operations (LAND) Geology Geo- and hydrological hazards No recommended mitigation. - - -
(LAND) Pedology Soil quality - Implement a Spill and Company X 30,000 Report
Leakage Management Plan Management accomplishment
- Install bunds at the storage in SMR and CMR.
tanks
(LAND) Terrestrial ecology Threat to abundance, frequency Maintenance, restoration or Company X 50,000 Report
and distribution of important rehabilitation of some wooded Management accomplishment
species areas at the Project area. in SMR and CMR.
Hindrance to Wildlife Access.
(WATER) Water supply Water supply competition Implement water conservation plan Company X 500,000 Report
Management accomplishment
in SMR and CMR.

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

 OPERATION PHASE
Guarantee/
Project phase/ Environmental component likely Options for prevention or Responsible
Potential impact Cost Financial
Environmental aspect to be affected mitigation or enhancement entity
arrangements
(WATER) Freshwater ecology Impact to freshwater biodiversity Implement a Waste Management Plan Company X 10,000 Report
Management accomplishment in
SMR and CMR.
(WATER) Hydrology/ Hydrogeology Potential increase in flooding Maintain drainage system Company X 30,000 Report
Management accomplishment in
SMR and CMR.
(WATER) Water quality Water pollution - Provide adequate septic vaults Company X 50,000 Report
- Practice water conservation and Management accomplishment in
good housekeeping practices SMR and CMR.
- Installation and proper operation
of a wastewater treatment
facility, if required
(AIR) Air quality & noise Air pollution (insignificant impact) Regular maintenance of standby Company X 50,000 Report
generator Management accomplishment in
SMR and CMR.
People component Displacement of settlers, properties, No recommended mitigation. - - -
conflict with land ownership
People component In-migration No recommended mitigation. - - -
People component Impacts on IPs/Cultures/Lifestyle No mitigation recommended. - - -
People component Threat to public health, safety and - Sustained implementation of an Company X 500,000 Report
security Integrated Waste Management Management accomplishment in
Plan and OSH and Management SMR and CMR.
- Implementing a traffic
management plan
People component Local benefits from the Project - Prompt payment of applicable Company X TBD Report
taxes Management accomplishment in
- Priority hiring of qualified SMR and CMR.
residents
People component Threat to delivery of basic services and No recommended mitigation. - - -
resource competition
People component Traffic along impact roads Implement a Traffic Management Plan Company X 50,000 Report
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National Management accomplishment in
SMR and CMR.
 ABANDONMENT PHASE
Guarantee/
Project phase/ Environmental component likely Options for prevention or Responsible
Potential impact Cost Financial
Environmental aspect to be affected mitigation or enhancement entity
arrangements
C. Abandonment Plan will be submitted to EMB-IVA six months prior to actual dismantling and decommissioning. It will
ABANDONMENT also involve the proper disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste to DENR- EMB accredited TSD

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT
• discusses the possible threats
of the proposed project on the
environment as well as on
human health and the risks
involved.
• Definite measures are
recommended and
enumerated to prepare both
the proponent and
stakeholders for potential
hazards and other forms of
emergency
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 67
Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 68
SAMPLE EIA TEAM

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 69

ENVIRONMENTAL GUARANTEE FUND
(EGF)
• shall be established for all co-located or single projects
that have been determined by DENR to pose a
significant public risk or where the project requires
rehabilitation or restoration.

• An EGF Committee shall be formed to manage the

fund. It shall be composed of representatives from the
EMB Central Office, EMB Regional Office, affected
communities, concerned LGU's, and relevant
government agencies identified by EMB.

• An integrated MOA shall be entered into among the EMB

Central Office, EMB Regional Office, the proponent, and
representatives ofPhilippines,
Pollution Control Association of the concerned Inc.- National stakeholders. 70
EIS REVIEW
• Review may be purely an ad hoc
process whereby the document is
read and commented on by decision-
makers;

• it can be more formalized and expert

opinion is sought; or it can be through
the use of formal review methods
designed specifically for the purpose

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 71

EIS REVIEW
• the review process should enable the decision-
maker to decide whether the EIS is adequate
(e.g. whether it is legally compliant), whether the
information is correct, and whether it is unbiased

• If it is, they are then in a position to use the EIS

as information to be considered in determining
whether the project should receive consent.

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 72

EIS REVIEW
• Public Hearing / Consultation Requirements

• For projects under Category A-1, the conduct of

public hearing as part of the EIS review is
mandatory unless otherwise determined by EMB

• For all other undertakings, a public hearing is not

mandatory unless specifically required by EMB.

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 73

EIS REVIEW
• Proponents should initiate public consultations
early in order to ensure that environmentally
relevant concerns of stakeholders are taken into
consideration in the EIA study and the formulation
of the management plan

• All public consultations and public hearings

conducted during the EIA process are to be
documented.

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 74

EIS REVIEW
• The public hearing/
consultation Process report
shall be validated by the
EMB/EMB RD and shall
constitute part of the
records of the EIA process.

Pollution Control Association of the Philippines, Inc.- National 75

THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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