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Fisika I
2013 1
http://www.kipnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Solar_Sistem-1.44Mo1440x904px-
1024x642.jpg
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http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2010/10/counterclockwise_
but_there_are/Solar%20System.jpeg
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Hukum-hukum Kepler
Johannes Kepler
1571 - 1630
Johannes Kepler was a
German mathematician and
astronomer who discovered
that the Earth and planets
travel about the sun in
elliptical orbits. He gave three
fundamental laws of planetary
motion. He also did important
work in optics and geometry.
This page was copied from Nick Strobel's Astronomy Notes. Go to his site
at www.astronomynotes.com for the updated and corrected version.
Hukum-hukum Kepler
Kepler determined his laws of the planetary motions (I and II were published in 1609,
III in 1619) examining the data gathered by Tycho Brahe on their apparent positions
(Mars, in particular). Therefore they are purely descriptive laws. They are laws that
allow to predict with good approximation the future positions of the planets. But they
do not explain why the motion is just that.
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Hukum-hukum Kepler
Hk I Kepler: Semua planet bergerak dlm orbit
ellips dg matahari berada di salah satu titik
fokusnya.
Hukum-hukum Kepler
This page was copied from Nick Strobel's Astronomy Notes. Go to his site
at www.astronomynotes.com for the updated and corrected version.
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Hukum-hukum Kepler
Hukum-hukum Kepler
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Hukum-hukum Kepler
Hk III Kepler menghubungkan periode tiap planet dg
jarak rata-ratanya ke matahari yg sama dg setengah
sumbu panjang (semimajor axis) lintasan ellipsnya.
Dlm bentuk aljabar, jika r = jarak rata-rata planet ke
matahari dan T = periode orbit planet, maka:
T 2 C r3
Hukum-hukum Kepler
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m1
r12
r12
rˆ12
r12 m2
r1
r2
O x
Vektor satuan pd arah dr m 1 ke m 2.
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v dt
r
r sin Φ v dt
Φ
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http://images.wikia.com/schools/images/9/9b/Kepler's_third_law.gif
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g r
F G ME
m r2
F G ME
a 2
g 9,81 m / s 2
m RE
Krn g dan G dpt diukur, mk ME dan RE dpt dihitung jika
salah satu dari keduanya diketahui.
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http://www.windows2universe.org/kids_space/images/earth_kids.jpg
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http://labspace.open.ac.uk/file.php/5661
/S103_3_003i.jpg
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http://www.physicstogo.org/features/images/vomitcomet.jpg
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http://whs.wsd.wednet.edu/Faculty/Busse/MathHomePage/busseclasses/physics/stu
dyguides/chapter7/images/CavendishExperiment.gif
http://www.vias.org/physics/img/bk1_img_244.png
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http://keyah.asu.edu/images/EarthMass.jpg
Pengukuran Massa Bumi
F G ME
a 2
g 9,81 m / s 2
m RE
Dr pengukuran astronomi, radius bumi RE = 6371 km =
6,37 · 106 m.
g RE
2
ME
G
ME
9,81 m s 6,37 10 m
2 6 2
5,97 1024 kg
11 1 2
6,67 10 3
m kg s
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panjang busur
Sudut bidang radian
r
Sudut bidang 1 lingkaran penuh = 360º = 2π radian
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//4.bp.blogspot.com/_nD_R3gXtq2Y/S92gYrY2KBI/AAAAAAAAAX8/gp1JfKOz4Ds/s400/Solid_Angle.png
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Gm G m2
g1 2 1 (ke kiri) dan g2 (ke kanan)
r1 r22
Jika proses tsb dilanjutkan shg seluruh permukaan
kulit bola terliput oleh penjumlahan luasan A1 dan A2,
mk dpt disimpulkan bahwa medan gravitasi di dalam
kulit bola adalah nol.
g 0 utk rR
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http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfadd/3050/Ch09Gravity/GrvFld.html
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G M'
gr 2
G M r 3 / R3
r r2
GM
gr r rR
R3
Di dlm bola, medan gravitasi bertambah secara linier
thd jaraknya dr pusat bola. Di pusat bola (r = 0), maka
medan gravitasi gr = 0.
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http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfadd/3050/Ch09Gravity/GrvFld.html
http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfadd/3050/Ch09Gravity/GrvFld.html
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http://www.opencollege.com/simsim/php/ResourceManager.php?cmd=get_view&catI
D=1558&resID=114&outcat=1
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Latihan
1. Massa benda pd peralatan Cavendish adalah bola
besar 12 kg dan bola kecil 15 g. Jarak pisah ant
pusat2 massa bola kecil 5 cm dan utk bola besar 18
cm. (a) Brp gaya tarik ant bola besar dan kecil? (b)
Brp torsi yg hrs diberikan penggantung utk mengim-
bangi torsi oleh gaya gravitasi?
2. Sebuah bola uniform beradius 100 m dan berdensi-
tas 2000 kg/m3 berada dlm ruang bebas yg jauh dr
benda masif lainnya. (a) Hitunglah medan gravitasi
di luar bola sbg fungsi r. (b). Hitunglah medan
gravitasi di dlm bola sbg fungsi r
Latihan
3. Dua planet dg massa yg sama mengedari bintang
yg jauh lebih masif. Planet 1 beredar dlm orbit
lingkaran dg radius 100 Gm dan periode 2 th. Planet
2 beredar dlm orbit ellips dg perihelion 100 Gm dan
aphelion 180 Gm. (a) Hitung periode edar orbit
planet 2. (b) Brp massa bintang tsb? (c) Di peri-
helion, planet mana yg lebih cepat melintas? Brp
perbandingan kecepatan planet 2 di perihelion dan
di aphelion?
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