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Peninsular Rivers of
India
! Geography of India

Contents
1. Peninsular River System
1. East Flowing Rivers
2. West Flowing Rivers
2. East Flowing Rivers – North to
South
 3. Subarnarekha River
4. Brahmani River
5. Mahanadi River
6. Rushikulya River
7. Vamsadhara River
8. Godavari River
1. Pranhita River
2. Indravati River
3. Manjira River Natural &
9. Krishna River
1. Koyna River
Toxin-Free
2. Tungabhadra River Products
3. Bhima River
4. Musi River
10. Kaveri (Cauvery) River
1. Amaravati River
2. Bhavani River
With effective natural
11. Vaigai River
ingredients, our
12. West Flowing Rivers – North to
products are
South
dermatological tested
13. Ghaggar-Hakra River
& pH balanced
14. Luni (Salt River)
15. Sabarmati River
16. Mahi River
17. Narmada River
18. Tapti River
19. Mandovi River (Mhadei)
20. Periyar River
21. Pampa River
22. Evolution of the Peninsular Rivers
of India

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>>>>>>

Peninsular rivers of India are

much older river than
Himalayan rivers.
 They are discordant rivers

Peninsular rivers are non-

perennial rivers.

Peninsular rivers have reached

mature stage and their vertical
down cutting is negligible.

Rivers are characterized by

broad and shallow valleys.

Most of Peninsular rivers banks

have gentle slopes.

Western Ghats is the main

water divider of peninsular
rivers.

>>>>>>>>

Peninsular River System

East Flowing Rivers

Rivers that drain into Bay of

Bengal

These rivers from deltas at

their mouths

They carry larger amount of

 water than west flowing rivers

The Mahanadi river, the

Godavari river, the Krishna river,
the Cauvery and several smaller
rivers drains south-east into the
Bay of Bengal.

>>>>>>>>

West Flowing Rivers

Rivers that drain into Arabian

Sea

These rivers form estuaries at

their mouths.

They carry a lesser amount of

water

The Narmada river, the Tapi,

the Mahi, Periyar river are
flowing west

As well as several small

streams originating from the
Western Ghats flow westwards
into the Arabian Sea.

>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>

Himalayan Peninsular
River River
System System

Origin These rivets These rivers

originate originate in
 from the the
lofty Peninsular

Himalayan
ranges

Catchment These rivers These rivers

area have large have small

basins and basins and

catchment catchment

areas areas

Valleys Himalayan Peninsular

rivers flow rivers flow in
through comparatively

deep V – shallow
shaped valleys .

valleys
called
gorges

Drainage These are These are

Type examples of examples of
antecedent consequent

drainage drainage

Water Himalayan Peninsular

Flow rivers are rivers receive

perennial in water only

nature from rainfall
and water

flows in these
rivers in rainy
season only
Stage These rivers These rivers
flow across have been
the young flowing in one

fold of the oldest

mountains plateaus of
and are still the world and

in a youthful have reached

stage maturity

Meanders Rivers form Rivers of the

meanders Peninsular
and often Plateau follow
shift their more or less

beds. straight
courses .

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

East Flowing Rivers –

North to South
Subarnarekha River
Source – Ranchi Plateau,
Jharkhand

Passes through – Jharkhand,

West Bengal and Odisha.

Left bank Tributaries -Dulang

River

Right bank Tributaries – Kanchi

River, Kharkai River, Raru River,
Garru River

Hundru Falls is created on the

course of the Subarnarekha
River

Jamshedpur is located at the

confluence of Kharkai and
Subarnarekha Rivers

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Budhabalanga River
Source – Similipal hills, Odisha

Passes through – Odisha

Barehipani Falls, the 2nd

highest waterfall in India,
located in Simlipal National Park

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>
Brahmani River
Source – confluence of the
Sankh and South Koel rivers
near Rourkela

Together with the Baitarani river,

it forms a large delta before
emptying into the Bay of Bengal
at Dhamra

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Mahanadi River
Source – Dandakaranya, Raipur
District, Chhattisgarh

Length: 858 km

Flows through – Chhattisgarh,

Odisha

Left bank Tributaries

–Shivnath, Hasdeo, Mand and
Ib

Right bank Tributaries – Ong,

Tel and Jonk

Puri, at one of its mouths, is a

famous pilgrimage site.

Hirakud Dam constructed on it,

at Sambalpur

Important projects are the

Mahanadi main canal and
Tandula reservoir in
 Chhattisgarh

>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Rushikulya River
Source – Daringbadi,
Kandhamal, Odisha

Mouth of the Rushikulya River

is the largest mass nesting sites
of olive ridley sea turtles in
India

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Gosthani River
Source – Ananthagiri Hills of
the Eastern Ghats, Andhra
Pradesh

Flows through the Borra Caves

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>

Vamsadhara River
Source – Thuamul Rampur,
 Kalahandi district, Odisha

Flows through – Odisha, Andhra

Pradesh

Mahendratanaya River is a
major tributary of Vamsadhara

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Nagavali River
Source – Thuamul Rampur,
Odisha

Flows through – Odisha, Andhra

Pradesh

>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Godavari River
Source – Brahmagiri Mountain
(1,067 m), Tryambakeshwar,
Nashik, Maharashtra

Length – 1,465 km.

Flows through – Maharashtra ,

Telangana, AP, Puducherry
(Yanam)
 Godavari river is the largest
river of the Peninsular rivers of
India

It is called as Dakshin Ganga.

Left Bank Tributaries –

Banganga, Kadva, Shivana,
Purna, Kadam, Pranahita,
Indravati, Taliperu, Sabari

Right Bank Tributaries –

Nasardi, Darna, Pravara,
Sindphana, Manjira, Manair,
Kinnerasani

Below Rajahmundry, the

Godavari river divides itself into
two main streams

Gautami Godavari on the

east

Vashishta Godavari on the

west

>>>>>>>>

Tributaries of Godavari

River

Pranhita River

Source – Confluence of Wardha

and Wainganga

Flows through – Maharashtra ,

Telangana
 Pranhita river joins at Godavari
River at Kaleswaram, Telangana

It is the largest tributary of

Godavari River

Penganga River is an important

tributaries of Wardha River

>>>>>>>>

Indravati River

Source – Dandakaranya Range,

Kalahandi, Odisha

Flows through – Odisha,

Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra

Indravati river joins Godavari

River at the junction of the
boundaries of Maharashtra,
Chhattisgarh and Telangana
states.

>>>>>>>>

Manjira River

Source – Balaghat range of

hills, Maharashtra

It is 724 km long, important

right bank tributary.

Manjira river joins the Godavari

river after passing through the
Nizam Sagar.

It joins Godavari river at

 Nizamabad, Telangana.

>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Krishna River
Source – Mahabaleswar,
Satara, MH

Length – 1300 km

Flows through – Maharashtra,

Karnataka, Telangana and
Andhra Pradesh

Krishna river is the 2nd largest

east flowing river of the
Peninsular rivers of India.

It is also 4th biggest river in

terms of water inflows and river
basin area in India

Left Bank tributaries – Bhima,

Dindi, Peddavagu, Musi, Paleru,
Munneru

Right bank tributaries – Venna,

Koyna, Panchganga,
Dudhaganga, Ghataprabha,
 Malaprabha, Tungabhadra

Krishna river delta appears to

merge with that formed by the
Godavari river and extends
about 35 km into the sea.

Amaravati city, Guntur district

new capital of Andhra Pradesh
and Vijayawada city are located
on the banks of the Krishna
river.

>>>>>>>>

Tributaries of Krishna River

Koyna River

Source – Mahableshwar,
Satara, Maharashtra

Koyna Dam was the main

cause of a devastating
earthquake (6.4 richter scale) in
1967 that killed 150 people.

For electricity generating

potential it is known as the Life
Line of Maharashtra.

Koyna river meets the Krishna

river by Karad at Pritisangam.

>>>>>>>>

Tungabhadra River

Source – confluence of Thunga

 and Bhadra rivers

Flows through – Karnataka,

Telangana, Andhra Pradesh

Tungabhadra river joins Krishna

river near Alampur,
Mehaboobnagar, Telangana.

In the epic Ramayana,

Tungabhadra river was known
as Pampa.

Flood protection walls all along

the rivers, constructed by Sri
Krishna Devaraya.

>>>>>>>>

Bhima River

Sour – Bhimashankarce, near

pune

Passes through – Maharashtra,

Karnataka, and Telangana

Bhima river passes through the

town of Koregaon Bhima,
Maharastra.

It joins into the Krishna river

along the border between
Karnataka and Telangana near
Raichur.

>>>>>>>>

Musi River
 Source – Anantagiri Hills,
Vikarabad, Telangana

Hyderabad stands on the banks

of Musi river

Himayat Sagar and Osman

Sagar dams built on Musi river.

Musi river joins the Krishna river

at Vadapally in Nalgonda
district, Telangana.

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Penner River
Source – Nandi Hills,
Chikkaballapur district,
Karnataka

Passes through – Andhra

Pradesh, Karnataka

The only major project in the

basin is the Somasila project

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>

Palar River
Source – Nandi Hills, Karnataka

Passes through – Karnataka,

Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu

It flows as an underground river

 for a long distance

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Ponnaiyar River
Source – Nandi Hills, Karnataka

Passes through – Karnataka

and Tamil Nadu

>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Kaveri (Cauvery) River

Source – Talakaveri, Brahmagiri
hills, Western Ghats, Karnataka

Length – 800 km

Passes through – Karnataka

and Tamil Nadu

Left Bank tributaries – Harangi,

Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathy

Right bank tributaries –

 Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini,
Bhavani, Noyyal, Amaravati,
Moyar, Suvarnavati

Kaveri river is called as Ganga

of South.

Sivasamudram waterfalls is
created on the course of the
Kaveri river.

Krishnarajasagar in Karnataka,
Mettur Dam in Tamil Nadu are
important projects on Kaveri
river.

Srirangam Island is formed by

the river Cauvery and the
Kollidam, a tributary of the
Kaveri river.

Grand Anicut (Kallanai Dam)

was constructed by a Chola
king Karikalan in 1st Century,
in Thanjavur District.

>>>>>>>>

Tributaries of Kaveri River

Amaravati River

Source – Anamalai Hills, Kerala

Passes through – Kerala, Tamil

Nadu

>>>>>>>>
Bhavani River

Source – Silent Valley National

Park, Nilgiri hills, Kerala

Passes through – Kerala, Tamil

Nadu

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Vaigai River
Source – Varusanadu Hills,
Tamil Nadu

Passes through – Tamil Nadu

Discharged in – Palk Strait

Madurai situated on the bank of

Vaigai river.

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Thamirabarani River
Source – Pothigai hills, Tamil
Nadu

Passes through – Tamil Nadu

Discharged in – Gulf of Mannar

>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>

West Flowing Rivers –

North to South
Ghaggar-Hakra River
Source – Shivalik Hills,
Himachal Pradesh

Passes through – Thar Desert

of Rajasthan

Discharged in – Ottu, Haryana

Its main tributaries are the

Tangri, the Markanda, the
Saraswati and the Chaitanya.

It is an inland drainage river

It is a seasonal river

Most sites of the mature

Harappan Civilisation are found
along the bed of the Ghaggar-
Hakkar river.

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Luni (Salt River)

 Source – Pushkar Lake,
Aravalli ranges, Rajasthan

Passes through – Thar Desert

of Rajasthan

Length – 511 km

Discharged in – Rann of
Kachchh

Luni river is an inland

drainage.

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Sabarmati River
Source – Dhebar lake, Aravalli
ranges, Rajasthan

Passes through – Rajasthan,

Gujarat

Discharged in – Gulf of
Khambhat of Arabian Sea

Left Bank tributaries – the

Wakal, the Hathmati and the
Vatrak.

Right bank tributaries – the Sei

Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar

situated on the bank of
Sabarmati river.

Mahatma Gandhi established

Sabarmati Ashram as his home
 on the banks of Sabarmati river.

The Dharoi dam is located on

the main river.

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Mahi River
Source – Vindhyas, Madhya
pradesh,

Passes through – Madhya

Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat

Discharged in – Gulf of
Khambhat of Arabian Sea

>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Narmada River
Source – Amarkantak Plateau,
Madhya Pradesh

Length – 1310km

Passes through – Madhya

Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat

Discharged in – Gulf of
Khambhat of Arabian Sea
 Left Bank tributaries – Burhner,
Banjar, Sher, Shakkar, Dudhi,
Tawa, Ganjal, Chhota Tawa,
Kundi, Goi

Right bank tributaries – Hiran,

Tendoni, Choral, Kolar, Man,
Uri, Hatni, Orsang

Narmada river is the largest

west flowing river of the
peninsular rivers of India

It flows in a rift valley, between

the Satpura and Vindhya ranges

Dhuan Dhar Falls and

Sahasradhara Falls created on
the way of Narmada river.

Narmada river created estuary

before its mouth.

There are several islands in the

estuary of the Narmada river of
which Aliabet is the largest.

The major Hydro Power Project

in the basin of Narmada river
are Indira Sagar, Sardar
Sarovar, Omkareshwar, Bargi &
Maheshwar.

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Tapti River
Source – Multai, Saptura range,
 Madhya Pradesh

Passes through – Madhya

Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat

Discharged in – Gulf of
Khambhat of Arabian Sea

Left Bank tributaries – Vaghur,

Amravati, Buray, Panjhra, Bori,
Girna, Purna, Mona and Sipna

Right bank tributaries – Suki,

Gomai, Arunavati and Aner

Tapti river flows through a rift

valley.

Nepanagar and Surat situated

on the bank of Tapti river.

Hathnur Dam, Ukai Dam, Girna

Dam are important project on
Tapti river.

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Mandovi River (Mhadei)

Source – Bhimgad, Western
Ghats, Karnataka

Passes through – Karnataka

,Goa, Maharashtra

Discharged in – Arabian Sea

The river Mapusa is a tributary

of the Mandovi river.
 Dudhsagar Falls and Varapoha
Falls are located on this river

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Kali River
Source – Diggi, Karnataka

Passes through – Karnataka

Supa Dam constructed on it

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Gangavali River
Source – South of Dharwad,
Western Ghats, Karnataka

Passes through – Karnataka

Magod Falls is created on the

course of it

>>>>>>

Jog Falls

>>>>>>>>

Sharavati River
 Source – Ambutheertha,
Shimoga, Karnataka

Passes through – Karnataka

Jog Falls is created by the

Sharavathi River

Linganamakki dam, Gerusoppa

dam constructed on it

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Beypore / Chaliyar River

Source – Elambaleri Hills,
Wayanad Plateau of Kerala

Passes through – Kerala

Discharged in – Lakshadweep
Sea

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Bharathapuzha River
Source – Anamalai Hills, Tamil
Nadu

Passes through – Tamil Nadu,

Kerala

2nd longest river of Kerala

Flows through Palghat gap

Malampuzha dam is constructed

 on it

>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Periyar River
Source – Sivagiri Hills,
Cardamom Hills, Idukki, Kerala

Discharged in – Vembanad
Lake

Left Bank tributaries –

Cheruthoni

Right bank tributaries –

Mullayar, Perinjankutti,
Muthirapuzha, Edamala

Periyar river is the longest river

of Kerala.

Mullaperiyar dam, Idukki dam

are important project on Periyar
river.

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Pampa River
Source – Pulachimalai hill,
 Western Ghats, Kerala

Discharged in – Vembanad
Lake

3rd longest river of Kerala

Sabarimala temple dedicated to

Lord Ayyappa is located on the
banks of it.

Pampa river is also known as

Dakshina Bhageerathi

>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>

Evolution of the
Peninsular Rivers of
India

Theory – 1

Geologists believe that the

Sahyadri-Aravali axis was the
main water divide in the past.

As per this theory, existing

peninsula is the remaining half
of bigger landmass.

Western Ghats were located in

the middle of this landmass.

Western part of the Peninsula

cracked and submerged in the
Arabian Sea

Straight coastline, steep western

 slope of the Western Ghats,
and the absence of delta
formations on the western coast
makes this theory a possibility.

>>>>>>

Theory – 2

As per this theory, the west

flowing peninsular rivers do not
flow in the valleys formed by
the rivers themselves.

They have occupied two fault

rifts in rocks running parallel to
the Vindhyas.

These faults are supposed to

be caused by bend of the
northern part of the Peninsula
at the time of upheaval of the
Himalayas.

Peninsular block, south of the

cracks, tilted slightly eastwards
during the event thus giving the
orientation to the entire
drainage towards the Bay of
Bengal.

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