PEKA 1

Jimmy and Brian were on a holiday in Penang. They bought

mango pickles and fresh mango slices from a fruit stall. On
the next day, they found that the fresh mango slices were
rotten but the mango pickles were still in good condition.

Based on the statement, plan and run an experiment to study the above situation.
You are asked to write a report for the experiment. Your report should contain:
(a) Problem statement
(b) Aim
(c) Hypothesis
(d) Variables
(e) Apparatus and materials
(f) Procedure
(g) Observations
(h) Interpret data
(i) Draw conclusions

Also should answer the following questions:

1. State the inference of the observation in this experiment.

2. State the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding
variable.

3. Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for the growth of
microorganisms.

4. Why do mango pickles last longer?

5. Based on your findings of this experiment, suggest improvements to obtain more

accurate data.

6. Is the data you obtained valid? Give your reasons.

7. State the conclusion for this experiment.

As you conduct the experiment, your manipulative skills and the practice of scientific
attitudes and values will be assessed.
PEKA 1

Name :

Form :

Date :

Theme :
1 Maintenance and continuity of life

Learning area :
1.0 Microorganisms

Content standard :
1.1 World of microorganisms

Learning standard :
1.1.2 Conduct an experiment to show the precence of microorganisms

Problem statement :
Why do mango pickles last longer than fresh mangoes slices? K1P1

Aim :
To study the effect of pH on the growth of Bacillus sp. K1P2

Hypothesis : K1P3
Growth of Bacillus sp. is best at pH7

Variables: K1P4a
Manipulated : pH value

Responding : Number of colonies of Bacillus sp. K1P4b

Constant : Surrounding temperature

K1P4c

Materials :
Bacillus sp. culture solution, sterile nutrient agar, dilute hydrochloric acid solution,
dilute sodium hydroxide solution, distilled water.
K1P5
Apparatus :
Three sterile Petri dishes with lids labeled A, B and C, and sterile measuring cylinder
(10 cm3), cellophane tape, label paper, sterile petri dish with lid, three beakers, three
coils of wire, a Bunsen burner and three syringe rods.
Procedure :

1. A petri dish containing 10 cm3 of sterile agar is prepared.

2. 1 cm3 of distilled water is spread over the surface of the sterile agar.

3. The coil of wire is sterilized using a Bunsen burner flame until the coil burns.

4. The cooled coil of wire was dipped into a culture solution of Bacillus sp.

5. Bacillus sp. culture solution is spread over each surface of the nutrient agar in a
zig-zag shape using a coil of wire.

6. The petri dish is closed and the sides are wrapped with cellophane tape.
K1P6
7. Repeat Step 1 to step 6 by substituting the distilled water to dilute hydrochloric
acid and dilute sodium hydroxide solution as shown below :

K1P7

8. The three petri dishes were inverted and stored in a covered cupboard for three
days.

9. The number of bacterial colonies in each petri dish was calculated and recorded
in a table.

Observation :
Number of bacterial K3P1
Petri dish
colonies
A = sterile nutrient agar + Bacillus sp. culture
16
+ distilled water
B = sterile nutrient agar + Bacillus sp. culture
8
+ dilute hydrochloric acid solution
C = sterile nutrient agar + Bacillus sp. culture
+ dilute sodium hydroxide solution
4 K3P2
 K4P1a

K4P1b

K4P1c

K4P1d

1. State the inference of the observation in this experiment. K4P2a

The number of bacterial colonies in distilled water is the most because
distilled water is a neutral medium.

2. State the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding
variable. K4P2b
The highest bacterial growth is in streaked with unwashed fingers .

3. Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for the growth of
microorganisms.
Bacterial growth is a process that produces a number of colonies
K4P2c

4. Why do mango pickles last longer?

Mango pickles are soaked in a solution of vinegar and salt. Salt will hydrate
mango while vinegar is an acidic solution that will prevent bacteria from K5P1
growing.

5. Based on your findings of this experiment, suggest improvements to obtain

more accurate data. K5P2
This experiment should be carried out 3 times for a better results.
6. Is the data you obtained valid? Give your reasons.
Yes because bacterial colonies can be counted clearly. Also, the nutrient K5P3
agar and Petri dishes were sterilised to kill bacteria. Furthermore, Petri
dishes were cover with lids and sealed with cellophane tape to trap bacteria
in Petri dishes. Petri dishes were inverted to prevent condensed water from
falling onto the agar surface which will affect the growth of bacteria on the K5P4
agar surface.

7. State the conclusion for this experiment. K4P3

Bacterial growth is best suited at pH7.
Acidic or alkaline solution will inhibit the growth of bacteria.
TUGASAN 1

Nasrul dan Fazli bercuti ke Pulau Pinang. Mereka membeli jeruk mangga serta
potongan buah mangga segar yang dijual di sebuah gerai. Keesokan harinya,
mereka mendapati potongan buah mangga segar telah rosak manakala jeruk
mangga masih dalam keadaan baik.

Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, rancang dan jalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji

situasi di atas .

Di akhir eksperimen, anda perlu menulis satu laporan lengkap dan mengolah data
dalam set komunikasi yang sesuai dan menjawab soalan berikut :

1. Nyatakan inferens bagi pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini.

2. Nyatakan hubungan antara pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh
ubah bergerak balas.
3. Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pertumbuhan
mikroorganisma.
4. Mengapakah jeruk mangga tahan lebih lama?
5. Berdasarkan dapatan eksperimen ini, cadangkan penambahbaikan untuk
mendapatkan data yang lebih jitu.
6. Adakah data yang anda perolehi sah? Berikan alasan anda.
7. Nyatakan kesimpulan bagi eksperimen ini.

Semasa anda menjalankan eksperimen, kemahiran manipulatif dan amalan sikap

saintifik dan nilai murni akan dinilai.