Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-2, Issue-11, 2016
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
Synthesis of Chromium (V) Oxide Nanoparticles by
MukiaMaderaspatanaand Mulberry Leaves Extract
and Its Characterization
Neha Gupta1& .Resmi S P1
Department of Nanotechnology
Medicaps of Institute Science and Technology, Indore (M. P)
Abstract:Chromium Oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles
have been prepared by biological method by using
potassium dichromate as a precursor and
mukiamaderaspatana or mulberry leaves as a
reducing agent. The Resulting samples were
characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and UV-
Vis spectrophotometer techniques. The average
crystalline size of the obtained sample was
calculated by the Debye-Scherrer formula and it
was found 42nm and 54nm. XRD characterization
confirmed that the chromium oxide nanoparticles
were formed with orthorhombic structure. The
produced nanoparticels can be used for various
applications such as catalyst, pigment, and
antibacterial effect.
Keywords: Chromium oxide, Reducing agent, XRD,
UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, Orthorhombic,
Pigments, Antibacterial Effect.
1. Introduction
Bioactive components are those components which
present in the form of nutrients [1,2]. They show
their effect on the living organism. Some examples
of bioactive components are flavonoids,
glucosinolates, taurine, alkaloids, phenolics,
aminoacids, and glycosides [2,3]. Some leaves
contain these bioactive components which are used
for synthesis of nanoparticles. These leaves contain
mild reducing agents which reduces the anions [3].
The effects of bioactive components in leaves as
reducing agent for the synthesis process of
chromium oxide nanoparticles have been studied
[2,3,4]. For the preparation of chromium oxide
nanoparticles mukiamaderaspatana [2] and
mulberry leaves have been used. After the
preparation of chromium oxide nanoparticles, the
crystalline and particle size have been
characterized using XRD [8] and UV-
spectrophotometer [10] respectively. It has been
found that some of the leaves do not contain these
bioactive components; hence the formation of
chromium oxide nanoparticles was difficult.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
2.Material and Methods
2.1 Chemical used
Potassium Dichromate, MukiaMaderaspatana
leaves extract, Mulberry leaves extract and distilled
water was used throughout the experiment.
2.2 Biological Method (S1-By using
MukiaMaderaspatana leaves)
For the synthesis of chromium oxide nanoparticles,
mukiamaderaspatana (pumpkin leaves) were used
as a reducing agent. The leaves were dried in an
oven at 100°C and then crushed into fine
powders.20gram crushed leaves were boiled with
150ml distilled water in round bottom flask at
50°C. Then the solution was filtered with the help
of whattman filter paper no. 42.10gram of
potassium dichromate was added in 50ml distilled
water and stirred till it dissolved. Now 10ml of
potassium dichromate solution was mixed with
10ml of mukiamaderaspatana extract. The mixture
was stirred for 10-15 min. The color of solution
changed from orange to red orange after 5 min.The
solution was kept in hot air oven at 70°C for 6
hours. After this, the obtained sample was kept in
the muffle furnace at 650°C for calcination. The
particles are scrubbed and grinded carefully and
collected in a butter paper for the further
characterization.
2.3 Biological Method (S2-By using
Mulberry leaves)
For the synthesis of chromium oxide nanoparticles
mulberry were used as a reducing agent. 20gram
fresh leaves were boiled with 150ml distilled water
in round bottom flask at 50°C. The solution was
filtered with the help of whattman filter paper no.
42. 10gram of potassium dichromate was added in
50ml distilled water and stirred till it dissolved.
Now 10ml of potassium dichromate solution was
mixed with 10ml of mulberry leaves extract. The
mixture was stirred for 10-15 min. The color of
solution changed from orange to light green after 5
min. The solution was kept in hot air oven at 100°C
for 6 hours. After this, the obtained sample was
Page 532
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-2, Issue-11, 2016
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

also kept in the muffle furnace at 650°C for

calcinations. The particles are scrubbed and
grinded carefully and collected in a butter paper for
the further characterization.

2.4 Material Characterization

The prepared material was characterized by Bruker
D8 Advance XRD using Cu-Kα (0.154A°)
radiation and UV-Visible spectrophotometer using
Perkin Elmer model lambda 950.

3. Result and Discussion

3.1 X-ray Diffraction
Figure 1 shows the XRD [8] pattern of chromium
oxide nanoparticles, which were obtained from
pumpkin and Mulberry leaves.

It has been noted that, the pattern formed from the

pumpkin leaves did not match with reference
chromium oxide pattern. Thus the pattern was
compared to other jcpds card (180390) for
analyzing the result. The hkl value of the respective
2Ɵ has been shown in the table 1 and the lattice
Figure 1: XRD pattern for Cr5O12 nanoparticles
parameter a, b and c was found to be approximately
12.04, 8.21 and 8.18 respectively. The Average
crystalline size of Cr5O12was about 42 nm. Table 1 Crystalline size Cr5O12 by
MukiaMaderaspatana leaves
Similarly for Mulberry leaves, it has been found
that the pattern did not match with the reference. 2𝜽 MILLER CRYSTALLINE
Hence, the prepared material was present in the INDICES SIZE
form of Cr5O12. The hkl value of the respective 2Ɵ 24.27º 310 79nm
has been shown in the table 2. The lattice 25.65º 100 47nm
parameter and space group has been found to be 26.98º 202 37nm
similar to mukiamaderaspatana leaves. Hence the 27.96º 311 55nm
Average crystalline size of Cr5O12was about 54 nm.
31.20º 302 31nm
Comparing these two results it has been concluded
that the material formed was in an intermediate Table 2 Crystalline size Cr5O12 by Mulberry leaves
state. The color obtained from pumpkin and
Mulberry leaves were orange and light green 2𝜽 MILLER CRYSTALLINE
respectively. And from the graph it has been found INDICES SIZE
that the large amount of impurities were present,
24.38º 021 63nm
which may be due to the different environmental
conditions, inappropriate handling of samples and 25.72º 112 74nm
less amount of reducing agent present in the leaves. 27.05º 311 42nm
31.22º 122 36nm

3.2 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

The wavelength of above UV-Visible
spectrophotometer ranges from 200 to 900nm. The
figure 2 shows that the absorbance peak for the
particular samples and has been compared in table
3. From the table, we can identify that the s1 and s2
having a band gap near about 3.7eV [8] which is

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 533

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-2, Issue-11, 2016
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

near to the bulk chromium oxide (3.4eV). From the impurities. They are present in the intermediate
XRD results it has been concluded that the s1 and form.
s2 are in intermediate states, hence they are having
low bandgap. The bandgap [9,11] of samples can
be calculated by-
Acknowledgement
ℎ𝑐
Eg=
𝜆 Authors would like to thank the following:
-34
Where h is plank’s constant (6.64*10^ j/sec), c is Medicaps University, UGC-CSR, DAVV indore.
the velocity of light in vacuum or air (3*10^8sec)
and λ is wavelength where the highest absorbance References
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Vol-2, Issue-11, 2016
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

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