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PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT

Date 2021‐12‐05

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4. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE:

Renewable energy sources are being researched all around the world. They are now seen as alternate choices. They are
significant since they are environmentally friendly. They avoid using toxic, polluting fossil fuels. Solar power, wind energy,
hydropower, biomass, geothermal, and waste conversion are some of the most actively used renewable energy sources.
Different Types of Renewable Energy explains in detail how energy can be extracted from these sources. This is energy
obtained from natural resources that cannot be exhausted over time and can be replaced quickly.
From a long time, maintaining global warming below 2 degrees Celsius has been a main focus of international climate
debate. ﴾The Paris Agreement, 2015﴿ Since 1850, the global usage of fossil fuels has expanded to dominate energy supply,
resulting in rapid increases in CO2 emissions. By the end of 2010, data confirmed that the consumption of fossil fuels
accounted for the vast majority of worldwide manmade greenhouse gas ﴾GHG﴿ emissions, with concentrations increasing
to more than 390 ppm ﴾39 percent﴿ over preindustrial levels. ﴾Ottmar Edenhofer﴿.
Renewable sources are regarded as clean energy sources, and effective utilization of these resources reduces
environmental impacts, produces minimal secondary waste, and is sustainable in the context of modern and future
economic and social needs. ﴾N.L. Panwar, 2011﴿ Renewable energy technologies offer an exceptional chance to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and global warming by substituting traditional energy sources. ﴾Fossil fuel‐based﴿
4.1 BIOMASS:
Biomass is a renewable energy source, and its significance will grow as national energy policy and strategy place a higher
attention on renewables and conservation. The present biomass contribution of the primary energy source is not likely to
drop considerably, as most scenarios estimate that biomass would account for 25% or more of the primary energy source
in the 21st century. Biomass, on the other hand, is renewable, and its negative impacts, such as excessive smoke and the
discharge of particulate matter into the environment, may be mitigated if consumed responsibly. ﴾Raghuvanshi, 2007﴿The
output and potential of biomass vary by country, ranging from moderate yields at low temperatures to large yields in
subtropical and tropic regions. A lot of study with biomass is focusing on an environmentally acceptable and sustainable
source to prevent climate change. ﴾Demirbas, 2009﴿
4.2 HYDROPOWER;
Hydropower is a crucial energy source that uses the movement of water from higher to lower elevation levels to operate
turbines and generate electricity. Gravity and the height at which the water flows down into the turbine supply the major
energy. The potential energy of stored water is defined as the mass of the water, the gravity factor ﴾g = 9.81 ms2﴿, and the
head, which is the difference between the dam level and the tail water level. When water is released, the reservoir level
drops to some extent, influencing power output. Hydropower produces almost no particulate pollution, can be upgraded
quickly, and can store energy for many hours. ﴾Hamann, 2015﴿
4.2.1 HYDRO POWER SOURCE POTENTIAL:
Hydropower is a renewable, and environmentally‐friendly form of energy that generates an average of 3930 ﴾TWh﴿a–1 and
provides for 16% of the world's generated electricity, providing for 78% of renewable electricity output in 2015. ﴾Fig. 1﴿.
﴾Berga, 2016﴿ In 2017, hydroelectric power accounted for the largest share of the global RE capacity ﴾53%, with an installed
capacity of 1152 GW. ﴾IRENA, International renewable energy agency, 2018﴿ Global hydro capacity is 1100 GW ﴾mostly in
Asia and Latin America﴿ and has grown at a compound annual rate of roughly 3.5 % over the previous five years.
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Approximately 160 GW of hydro power is now under development, with more than 1000 MW project. ﴾L., 2016﴿
4.2.2 HYDRO POWER IMPACTS ON CLIMATE:
The hydropower life cycle emits relatively little greenhouse gas ﴾GHG﴿. Hydroelectricity can help slow global warming by
generating fewer GHGs than power facilities powered by gas, coal, or oil. Although only 33% of the total hydroelectric
potential has been developed, hydroelectricity currently eliminates GHG emissions equivalent to the burning of 4.4 million
barrels of petroleum per day worldwide. Pollutants are not released into the atmosphere by hydroelectric power facilities.
They commonly replace generation from fossil fuels, lowering acid rain and pollution. Furthermore, hydroelectric
developments do not produce hazardous byproducts. ﴾Hydroelectric Power﴿
4.3 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:
4.3.1 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IMPACTS ON CLIMATE:
When compared to other energy sources for power generation, geothermal powerplants emit significantly less CO2. The
results show that geothermal power generation has a major environmental benefit over using fossil fuels to generate
electricity. ﴾Baba﴿ When compared to burning fossil fuels, geothermal fluids create an order of magnitude less CO2 per
kilowatt‐hour of power produced. Geothermal energy, or heat from under the earth's surface, may be used to heat and
cool individual buildings and communities, as well as generate utility‐scale power. ﴾EESI﴿ Further development, depending
on future growth rates, might significantly reduce CO2 emissions.

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