Int. j. inf. tecnol.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-021-00655-5
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
A new parametric generalized exponential entropy measure
on intuitionistic vague sets
Taruna1 • H. D. Arora1 • Pratiksha Tiwari2
Received: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 26 March 2021
 Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Computer Applications and Management 2021
Abstract Entropy is a significant mathematical instrument
for determining ambiguous/fuzzy information. Entropy is
indispensable for measuring ambiguity, first familiarized
by Shannon (Syst Tech J 27:379–423, 1948) to extent the
degree of uncertainty in likelihood distributions. Complex
info processes are extensively pragmatic in decision-mak-
ing processes. Created as per the notion of an exponential
exponent for the fuzzy set, our exertion offers a measure of
the power of an intuitive set of exponents. This article
identifies a new measure of the exponential theorem on an
intuitive set of equations. In addition, the necessary prop-
erties are displayed. By analyzing the results of the
examples, it has been shown that this method is faster and
more effective in practice.
Keywords Ambiguous entropy  Intuitionistic vague
entropy  Exponential intuitionistic uncertain entropy
1 Introduction
Shannon [22] idea is so successful in learning the basic
limits of communication in the classical way that the
sender wants to transmit a message to a recipient on an
unreliable medium. Manuscript ‘‘The Mathematics of
Communication’’ re-iterated Shannon’s effort for wider
technical addressees. That signifies the foundation of the
& H. D. Arora
hdarora@amity.edu
1
Department of Mathematics, Amity Institute of Applied
Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
2
Delhi Institute of Advanced Studies, Rohini, Delhi, India
professed ‘‘Information Theory’’. Shannon entropy is
defined as follows:
Xn
HðPÞ ¼  pi log pi ; ð1Þ
i¼1
for any probability distribution P = (p1 ; p2 ; p3 ; . . .. . .:pn Þ.
Various generalizations of Shannon entropy were stud-
ied by Renyi [21] (1961), Arimoto [2], Sharma and Taneja
[23], Peerzada et al. [20], Deluca and Termini [10],
Kaufmann [15]. Vagueness and ambiguity are the ele-
mentary nature of social miracles and goals in the physical
sphere. The distinction lies in our judgements in our verbal
and the means we practice information. Zadeh [31] pre-
sented a rule of fuzzy data known as fuzzy entropy which is
as per the input energy of Shannon. In concept, a set of
nonmembership values complement one of its membership
values, but in practice this is not correct, i.e., resolved in
advanced order, as defined by Atanasov [3] are called
intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS). IFS has the advantage of
addressing inaccuracies, as well as the unwillingness to
have inadequate sources of information. There are two
membership functions lA(x) and non-member mA(x) for x
element. Subsequently, Burillo and Bustince [5] determine
the measure of distance between IFSs. It also gives a
manifest description of intuitive entropy along its charac-
teristics. Later, Szmidt and Kacprz’yk [24, 25] extend the
fuzzy possessions and emphasize distances intended. Hung
and Yang [14], Chaira and Ray [6], Vlachos and Sergiadis
[28], Verma and Sharma [27] and Ye [29] developed the
IFS entropies and discriminatory measures among IFS with
equivalent possessions and demonstrate effectiveness in
medicinal diagnostics, design recognition, edge recogni-
tion, imaging and multidisciplinary judgement making.
Gupta et al. [12] (2014) proposed a fuzzy extent projected
123
 Int. j. inf. tecnol.

on the basis of vague sets provided by Pal and Pal [19] with 3 Parametric generalized exponential entropy
some properties. on iFS
Lamba and Kumar [16] developed an algorithm which
works well in large data sets as data mining has turned to Established on the allowance of intuitionistic fuzzy expo-
be a milestone in information industry. Deshpande et al. nential measure, we intend two new generalized parametric
[11] discussed the utility of Zadeh approach for fuzzy exponential entropies for intuitionistic fuzzy set as
description of air and water quality. Chaudhary et al. [7] 1
emphasized on proposed fuzzy based intrusion detection ETA ð AÞ ¼
2nðe0:5
 1Þ
systems in mobile ad hoc networks and presented their 2 ð1lA ðxi ÞÞ
  3
l A ðxi Þe þ ð1  lA ðxi ÞÞelA ðxi Þ  1
effectiveness to identify the intrusions. Various authors like Xn
6  7
 4 þmA ðxi Þeð1mA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  mA ðxi ÞÞemA ðxi Þ  1 5
Verma and Sharma [26, 27], Ohlan [18], Gupta et al. [13], i¼1  
and Dass et al. [8] suggested exponential entropies for IFS. þpA ðxi Þeð1pA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  pA ðxi ÞÞepA ðxi Þ  1
Ye and Cui [30] suggested that the conventional NSS ð5Þ
measure of exponential measurement be compared with
and
existing NHS implementation measures to demonstrate the
validity and usefulness of the suggested SNEE procedures 1
ETA
c ð AÞ ¼  c

2n 21c e12  1
through mathematical examples. Lastly, the exponential 2 c   3
lcA ðxi Þeð1lA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  lA ðxi ÞÞc e1ð1lA ðxi ÞÞ  1
c
measure developed for conventional NCMs was imple- n 6
X 6 c  77
6 þmcA ðxi Þeð1mA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  mA ðxi ÞÞc e1ð1mA ðxi ÞÞ  1 7
c
mented to the N-value multivariate decision-making 
4 5
example, with interval values to elucidate the implemen- i¼1 c  
þpcA ðxi Þeð1pA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  pA ðxi ÞÞc e1ð1pA ðxi ÞÞ  1
c

tation of the recommended SNEE measure. 0c2

ð6Þ
2 Preliminaries Theorem 3.1 The generalized parametric exponential
intuitionistic fuzzy information measures ETA ð AÞ and
The fuzzy set of A in X is defined by the membership EcTA ð AÞ are valid measures.
function lA ð xÞ, which associates with all points of real X in
the interval [0,1], with the value lA ð xÞ at x representing the Proof We establish axioms that Szmidt and Kacprzyk
degree of membership of X in A i.e., [24] justify our proposed measures.
A ¼ fx; lA ð xÞjx 2 X g: ð2Þ (P1) Sharpness: The projected measure (5) and (6)
obviously fulfil P1 i.e. measure proposed above give
For each Atanassov’s [3] intuitionistic fuzzy set A in X,
minimum value iff the set is non-fuzzy or crisp set.
if
From (6), we have
pA ðxi Þ ¼ 1  lA ðxi Þ  mA ðxi Þ 1
ETA ðAÞ ¼
then pA(x) is called the Atanassov’s [3] intuitionistic index 2nðe0:5  1Þ
2   3
(or a hesitation degree) of the element x [ X to A. lA ðxi Þeð1lA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  lA ðxi ÞÞelA ðxi Þ  1
Xn
6  7
Deluca and Termini [10] demarcated fuzzy measure  4 þmA ðxi Þeð1mA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  mA ðxi ÞÞemA ðxi Þ  1 5
i¼1  
based on Shannon’s probabilistic entropy measure which is þpA ðxi Þeð1pA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  pA ðxi ÞÞepA ðxi Þ  1
given below: Xn h   i
1
2   3 ¼ pffiffiffi 1:eð11Þ þ ð1  1Þe1  1 þ 0 þ 0 ¼ 0
2nð e  1Þ i¼1
  1 Xn l eðxi Þlog l eðxi Þ þ
H A~ ¼  4 A  A 5 ð3Þ
n i¼1 1  l eðxi Þ log 1  l eðxi Þ or
A A
1
Later, Bhandari and Pal [4] demarcated the subsequent ETA ðAÞ ¼
2nðe0:5  1Þ
exponential fuzzy entropy equivalent to Pal and Pal [19] as 2   3
lA ðxi Þeð1lA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  lA ðxi ÞÞelA ðxi Þ  1
X n h i Xn
 7
1 6
HPP ð AÞ ¼ pffiffiffi lA ðxi Þe1lA ðxi Þ þ ð1  lA ðxi ÞÞelA ðxi Þ  1  4 þmA ðxi Þeð1mA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  mA ðxi ÞÞemA ðxi Þ  1 5
nð e  1Þ i¼1 i¼1  
þpA ðxi Þeð1pA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  pA ðxi ÞÞepA ðxi Þ  1
ð4Þ 2   3
0:eð10Þ þ ð1  0Þe0  1
1 Xn
6  7
¼ pffiffiffi 4 þ0eð10Þ þ ð1  0Þe0  1 5 ¼ 0
2nð e  1Þ i¼1  
þ1eð11Þ þ ð1  1Þe1  1

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Int. j. inf. tecnol.

Thus, ETA ð AÞ = 0, if A = fhxi ; 1; 0; 0ijxi 2 X gor YA ðxi Þ  YA ðxi Þ

A = fhxi ; 0; 0; 1ijxi 2 X g. ) ETA ðAÞ  ETA ðAÞ in ½0; 0:5Þ
Similarly, it can be proved that Thus, EcTA ð AÞ = 0, if A is ð9Þ
YA ðxi Þ  YA ðxi Þ
crisp. ) ETA ðAÞ  ETA ðAÞ in ð0:5; 1
(P2) Maximality: Let us consider the following
function (P4) Symmetry: Since the compliment of A ¼
1 h n oi fhxi ; lA ðxi Þ; mA ðxi Þ; pA ðxi Þijxi 2 X g is
f ðYA ðxi ÞÞ ¼ YA ðxi Þeð1YA ðxi ÞÞ þ ð1  YA ðxi ÞÞeYA ðxi Þ  1
e0:5  1
Ac ¼ fhxi ; mA ðxi Þ; lA ðxi Þ; 1  lA ðxi Þ  mA ðxi Þ;ijxi 2 X g
ð7Þ
i.e. ½lA ðxi Þc ¼ mA ðxi Þ; ½mA ðxi Þc ¼ lA ðxi Þ and ½pA ðxi Þc ¼
Differentiating (7) with respect to YA ðxi Þ, we get
1  pA ðxi Þ 8 xi 2 X., we get
of ðYA ðxi ÞÞ
¼ eð1YA ðxi ÞÞ  YA ðxi Þeð1YA ðxi ÞÞ  eYA ðxi Þ þ ð1  YA ðxi ÞÞeYA ðxi Þ ETA ðAc Þ ¼ ETA ð AÞ
oYA ðxi Þ
¼ ð1  YA ðxi ÞÞeYA ðxi Þ  YA ðxi ÞeYA ðxi Þ Since ETA ð AÞ and EcTA ð AÞ satisfy all the essential axioms
of ðYA ðxi ÞÞ of intuitionistic exponential fuzzy entropy measure, there-
) ¼ ð1  YA ðxi ÞÞeYA ðxi Þ  YA ðxi ÞeYA ðxi Þ ¼ 0
oYA ðxi Þ
fore ETA ð AÞ and EcTA ð AÞ are valid measures of new para-
ð8Þ metric measure of IFS.
or ð1  YA ðxi ÞÞeYA ðxi Þ ¼ YA ðxi ÞeYA ðxi Þ . Corollaries
The critical value of YA ðxi Þ exists when YA ðxi Þ ¼ 0:5 for
xi 2 X. 1. The measure (6) is a special case of measure (5) when
Again differentiating (8) with respect to YA ðxi Þ, we have a ! 1 irrespecte of the constants.
2. In the absence of Atanassov’s intuitionistic index (or a
o2 f ð Y A ð x i Þ Þ
\0: hesitation degree) of the element xi 2 X to A, the
oðYA ðxi ÞÞ2 YA ðxi Þ¼0:5 measure (5) reduces to measure proposed by Pal and
Pal [19].
Therefore f ðYA ðxi ÞÞ. is a concave function and the
minima occurs at YA ðxi Þ ¼ 0:5. is It is observed that kurtosis of EcTA ð AÞ varies as the value
1
of parameter a assumes different values within the speci-
f ð0:5Þ ¼ 0:5 0:5e0:5 þ ð1  0:5Þe0:5  1
e 1 pffiffiffi fied range as shown. Thus, inclusion of parameter provides
2  0:5  e0:5 e1 more flexibility to entropy measure which helps in dealing
¼ pffiffiffi ¼ pffiffiffi ¼ 1:
e1 e1 with data practically. It has been supported by Andargie
and Rao [1]. So the suitable value of parameter a assists
Thus, we can write the above measure in the following
practical modeling of data.
form:
Apart from the above-mentioned axioms the anticipated
1 Xn
measure also fulfills the subsequent possessions:
ETA ð AÞ ¼ ½f ðlA ðxi ÞÞ þ f ðmA ðxi ÞÞ þ f ðpA ðxi ÞÞ
2n i¼1
Theorem 3.2 Assume A and B be two fuzzy sets then for
and ETA (A) subsequent can be tested
1 X
n      
ETA ðA [ BÞ þ ETA ðA \ BÞ ¼ ETA ðAÞ þ ETA ðBÞ:
EcTA ð AÞ ¼ f lcA ðxi Þ þ f mcA ðxi Þ þ f pcA ðxi Þ
2nð21c e12c  1Þ i¼1 Proof Split the universe of discourse into two subgroups
Atanassov’s intuitionistic index of the element xi 2 X
(P3) Resolution: To verify that ETA ð AÞ and EcTA ð AÞ
(considering pA ðxi Þ ¼ 0Þ as X¼
fulfil resolution axiom, it is adequate to demonstrate that
fxi 2 X=lA ðxi Þ  lB ðxi Þg [ fxi 2 X=lB ðxi Þ\lA ðxi Þg;
the function f ðYA ðxi ÞÞ is declining when YA ðxi Þ [ 1=2 and
which we will denote as X1, X2 respectively.
growing when YA ðxi Þ\1=2.
As That is, for all xi 2 X1
of ðYA ðxi ÞÞ lA ðxi Þ  lB ðxi Þ and mA ðxi Þ  mB ðxi Þ; and for all xi 2 X2
¼ ð1  YA ðxi ÞÞeYA ðxi Þ  YA ðxi ÞeYA ðxi Þ : lA ðxi Þ  lB ðxi Þ and mA ðxi Þ  mB ðxi Þ:
oYA ðxi Þ
Then, it is easily proved by adding ETA ðA [ BÞ with
We observe that E(A) is growing for YA ðxi Þ in [0, 1/2) TA
E ðA \ BÞ to get
and declining for YA ðxi Þ in (1/2, 1]. Hence,
ETA ðA [ BÞ þ ETA ðA \ BÞ ¼ ETA ðAÞ þ ETA ðBÞ ð11Þ

123
 Int. j. inf. tecnol.

1
Likewise, we can demonstrate that EcTA ð AÞ ¼
2nð21c e12c  1Þ
2   3
EcTA ðA [ BÞ þ EcTA ðA \ BÞ ¼ EcTA ðAÞ þ EcTA ðBÞ: ð12Þ c c
ð0:5Þc eð1ð0:5Þ Þ þ ð1  0:5Þc e1ð0:5Þ  1
X6 n
 7
 6 þð0:5Þc eð1ð0:5Þc Þ þ ð1  0:5Þc e1ð0:5Þc  1 7
Corollary Assume A be intuitionistic fuzzy set then Ac is i¼1
4
 
5
too an intuitionistic fuzzy set, therefore by dint of the þ0:eð10Þ þ ð1  0Þe0  1
2 a ð12a Þ  a ð12a Þ  3
above proposition 2 e þ 2 e 1
1 X n
6 a ð12a Þ  a ð12a Þ 7
¼ 4 þ2 e þ 2 e 1 5
ETA ðA [ Ac Þ þ ETA ðA \ Ac Þ ¼ ETA ðAÞ þ ETA ðAc Þ 2nð21a e12a  1Þ i¼1
ð13Þ X
n h i
1 a
¼ 2 21a eð12 Þ  1 ¼ 1:
and 2nð21a e12a  1Þ i¼1

EcTA ðA [ Ac Þ þ EcTA ðA \ Ac Þ ¼ EcTA ðAÞ þ Ea ðAc Þ:

ð14Þ
TA
Theorem 3.3 E ð AÞ and EcTA ð AÞ
achieves the extreme
worth when the set is utmost intuitionistic fuzzy and the
smallest when the set is minutest intuitionistic fuzzy.
Proof We have previously showed that ETA ð AÞ and
EcTA ð AÞ exclusively gets its extreme value iff lA ðxi Þ ¼
0:5 ¼ mA ðxi Þ and pA ðxi Þ ¼ 0 that is, A is greatest intu-
itionistic fuzzy and lowest when A is a crispy set. Thus, to
demonstrate the outcome, it’s sufficient to display that
extreme and least values are autonomous of c for EcTA (A).
Assume the set A be greatest intuitionistic fuzzy, then
lA ðxi Þ ¼ 0:5 ¼ mA ðxi Þ and pA ðxi Þ ¼ 0 for all i. Then, ETA
(A) is given by
2
Yet over, assume the set A be minimum intuitionistic
fuzzy then lA ðxi Þ ¼ mA ðxi Þ ¼ pA ðxi Þ ¼ 0 for every i. Then,
Eð AÞ ¼ 0 and Ea ð AÞ = 0.
4 Numerical example
Assume A ¼ fhxi ; lA ðxi Þ; mA ðxi Þ; pA ðxi Þijxi 2 X g be an
intuitionistic fuzzy set in X ¼ fx1 ; x2 ; . . .xn g. Then we
define intuitionistic fuzzy set on universal set A [9] as
follows:
An ¼ fhxi ; ½lA ðxi Þn ; 1  ½1  mA ðxi Þn ; 1  ½1  pA ðxi Þn ijxi 2 X g
ð15Þ
   3 We consider an intuitionistic fuzzy set A on X which is
1 ð112Þ 1 1
6 e þ 1  e 2  1
7 deified as
n 6 2 2
1 X 6
  7
7

ðx1 ; 0:1; 0:8; 0:1Þ; ðx2 ; 0:3; 0:5; 0:2Þ; ðx3 ; 0:5; 0:4; 0:1Þ;

¼ pffiffiffi 6 1 1 1 7
2nð e  1Þ i¼1 6 þ eð12Þ þ
1
1  e2  1 7 A¼
4 2 2 5 ðx4 ; 0:7; 0:2; 0:1Þ; ðx5 ; 1:0; 0; 0Þ
þ0 þ 0
2 3 As per the assistance of processes demarcated in (22),
1 1 1 1
e2 þ e2  1
X n 6 2 2 7 the subsequent intuitionistic fuzzy sets are formed:
1 6 7
¼ pffiffiffi 6 1 1 1 1 7 A; A2 ; A3 ; A4 which are as follows:
2nð e  1Þ i¼1 4 þ e2 þ e2  1 5
2 2
• A as ‘‘Large’’
X n   pffiffiffi 
¼
1
pffiffiffi
1
2e2  2 ¼
1
pffiffiffi  2n e  1 ¼ 1: • A2 as ‘‘Very Large’’
2nð e  1Þ i¼1 2nð e  1Þ • A3 as ‘‘Quite Very Large’’
• A4 as ‘‘Very Very Large’’
and
Consequently, these operating outcomes can be speci-
fied as

123
Int. j. inf. tecnol.

An x1 x2 x3 x4 x5

A \ 0.1,0.8,0.1 [ \ 0.3,0.5,0.2 [ \ 0.5,0.4,0.1 [ \ 0.7,0.2,0.1 [ \ 1.0,0,0 [

A2 \ 0.01, 0.96,0.19 [ \ 0.09, 0.75, 0.36 [ \ 0.25, 0.64, 0.19 [ \ 0.49, 0.36,0.19 [ \ 1.0,0,0 [
A3 \ 0.001, 0.992, 0.271 [ \ 0.027, 0.875, 0.488 [ \ 0.125, 0.784, 0.271 [ \ 0.343, 0.488, 0.271 [ \ 1.0,0,0 [
A4 \ 0.000,0.998, 0.344 [ \ 0.008, 0.938, 0.590 [ \ 0.063, 0.870, 0.344 [ \ 0.240, 0.590, 0.344 [ \ 1.0,0,0 [

Now we consider these intuitionistic fuzzy set to find the With the advancement in the new directions that opens
value of projected entropy measures for diverse values of a the above measure can also be applied to areas such as
in the following table: development of generalized inaccuracy measure for fuzzy/
intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The above study can also be useful
in finding applications of developed decision-making
Proposed entropy Ea ð AÞ Ea ð A2 Þ Ea ð A3 Þ Ea ðA4 Þ algorithms in different real-life problems including human
measure Ea ð AÞ
resource management, facility location selection, medical
a ¼ 0:1 1.189117 1.181449 1.163526 1.140203 diagnosis etc. The utility/weighted exponential entropy is
a ¼ 0:5 1.025341 0.97353 0.888929 0.811941 another way to express the above measure.
a ¼ 0:7 0.976575 0.924172 0.840219 0.76421 The findings display that the intuitionistic fuzzy set is
a ¼ 0:8 0.845666 0.803347 0.730904 0.663004 optimal tool to solve the uncertainty and fuzziness in the
a ¼ 1:0 0.809067 0.771176 0.703149 0.63861 multiple criteria decision-making problem by considering
a ¼ 1:1 0.776107 0.742413 0.678588 0.617487 the membership function, non-membership function. So
a ¼ 1:2 0.746599 0.716692 0.656772 0.599092 far, there are many information measures that have applied
a ¼ 1:6 0.675924 0.654502 0.604367 0.556276 intuitionistic fuzzy atmosphere in many real-life applica-
a ¼ 1:8 0.640096 0.622265 0.577306 0.534855 tions. In future, there are new possibilities to develop new
a ¼ 1:9 0.607045 0.591891 0.551834 0.515044 information measures for distinct interval-valued intu-
a ¼ 2:0 0.582101 0.568648 0.532347 0.500044 itionistic fuzzy sets.

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5 Conclusions and future work
Entropy is a significant measure to address vagueness. In
this communication, we propose a measure of intensity as
per the notion of a set of IFS. Consequently, properties of
the exponential measure for the intuitive set of values are
deliberated which are as per the obvious meaning of the
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