PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF 180000 DWT BULK CARRIER

1) Owners Requirement:

Speed 14.80 Knots

Dead Weight 180000 Tonnes
Range 12000 nautical Miles

2) Displacement (∆)

Vessel Type   C cargo DWT C Total DWT

Large Bulk Carrier 0.79-0.84 0.81-0.88

∆ = Total DWT / C
C = 0.87
∆ = 206896.5517 Tonnes

3) Length

A) Posdunine's Formulae as modified by Van Lammeran:

LBP (ft)= C[(VT/(2+VT)]2 * ∆(1/3)

Were C=23.5 for Single Screw Cargo ships for V = 11 to 16.5 Knots
∆(ton) = 206896.5517 Ton
C = 23.5
LBP (ft)= 1093.360337 Feet
LBP = 333.2562307 m

B) Volker's Statistics:

((L/(∆(1/3))-C) = 3.5+4.5 (v/((sqrt(g*∆(1/3)))

C = 0
Volume displacement = 201850.2944 m3
(Volume displacement)^1/3
= 58.66014458 m3
V = 7.61312 ms-1
 LBP = 289.0850842 m
C) Schneekluth's Formulae:

LBP = ∆ 0.3 *v0.3*C

C = 3.2
LBP = 282.4583831 m

Therefore LBP is taken as : 282.46 m

4) Breadth
A) L/B = 6.5 m for L>=130m

B = 43.45513586 m

B) B = L/9 + 6 m for Bulkers

B = 37.38426479

C) 10.78 (DWT/1000)(0.2828) m.
B = 46.81767314

Therefore Breadth can be taken as : 45.14 m

5) Depth
A) D = (B-3)/1.5 m for Bulk Carrier
D = 28.09093633

B) B/D = 1.88 ( for Bulk Carriers)

D = 24.0087258 m
C) L/D=10
D = 24.56159853
Therefore Depth can be taken as : 24.56 m

6) Draught

A) T/D=0.75 (for type B 60 freeboard )

T/D = 0.75
T = 18.4211989
 B) T = 4.536 [dwt/1000]^0.290
T = 20.45041249

C) T = 0.66D + 0.9 m ( for Bulk Carriers )

T = 17.11 m

Therefore Draught can be taken as : 18.42 m

7) Form Coefficents

(i) Block Coefficient (CB)

A) CB = 0.7 + (1/8) Atan((25(0.23-Fn)

Fn = 0.14470129
CB = 0.841538

B) Ayre's Formulae:

CB = C - 1.68 Fn
C = 1.06 (For Single Screw Ships)
CB = 0.816901833

C) Japanese Statistical Study

CB = -4.22+27.8 SQRT (Fn) -39.1(Fn) + 46.6 (Fn)3

CB = 0.83838

Therefore CB can be take as : 0.842

(ii) MidShip Area Coefficient (CM)

A) CM = 0.977 + 0.085 (CB - 0.60)

CM = 0.997530728
 B) CM = 1.006-0.0056 (CB)(-3.56)

CM = 0.995650352

C) CM = [ 1+(1-CB)(3.5) ](-1)

CM = 0.998418567
Therefore CM can be taken as : 0.998

(iii) Prismatic Coefficent (CP)

CP = CB/CM
CP = 0.843621103

Therefore CP is taken as : 0.844

(iv) Water Plane Area Coefficient (CWP)

Applicability
Equation   Value /source
CWP = CB/(0.471+0.551 CB) 0.90 Bulkcarriers.
CWP = CP(2/3)   0.89 Schneekluth 1
CWP = (1+2CB/CM(0.5))/3 0.90 Schneekluth 2
CWP = 0.95CP+0.17(1-CP)(1/3) 0.89 U-forms hulls
CWP =(1+2 CB)/3 0.89 Riddlesworth

Therefore CWP can be taken as : 0.90

(v) Vertical Prismatic Coefficient (CVP)

CVP = CB/CWP
CVP = 0.940139064

There CVP can be taken as : 0.94

8) Estimation of Bilge Radius

 A) R2 = 2.33(1-CM) B T

R2 = 4.961952701
R = 2.227544096 m

B) Schneekluth's recommendation for Bilge Radius

R = B Ck / (L/B + 4) CB2
CK = 0.55
R = 0.888248121 m

Therefore Bilge radius can be taken as : 2.227544096 m

9) Initial Estimate of Stability

i) Vertical Centre of buoyancy (KB)

Regression Formulations for Vertical centre of buoyancy are as follows :

S.No Equation   Value

A KB = ( 0.9-0.36 CM ) T 9.96
B KB = ( 0.9-0.30 CM-0.1CB ) T 9.52
C KB = (0.78-0.285 CVP ) T 9.43

Therefore KB(m) can be taken as : 9.96 m

ii) Metacentric Radius ( BMT and BML )

IT = CI LB3

IL = CIL BL3

Were CI and CIL are water plane inertial coefficients, which can be determined
by,
Applicability
Equation   Value /source
CI = 0.1216 CWP - 0.0410 0.07 D' Arcangelo Trans.
CIL = 0.350 (CWP)2 - 0.405CWP+0.146 0.06 D' Arcangelo Long.
 Eames, Small
2
CI = 0.0727 (CWP) +0.0106CWP-0.003 0.06 transom
CI = 0.04 (3CWP - 1) 0.07 Murray
2
CI = (0.096+0.89 (CWP) )/12 0.07 Normand
CI = (0.0372(2CWP +1)3)/12 0.07 Bauer
CI = (1.04 (CWP)2)/12 0.07 McCloghrie+4%
Dudszus and
CI = (0.13 CWP +0.87(CWP)2)/12 0.07 Danckwardt

Therefore, CI 0.07
CIL 0.06

IT = 1751358.039 m4
IL = 65007366.59 m4

BMT = IT/∇ (m) 8.861391031

BML = IL/∇ (m) 328.9194342
iii) Transverse Stability

KG/D = 0.63 TO 0.70 ( for normal cargo ships )

KG/D = 0.7
KG = 17.19 m

KMT = 18.83 m
GMT = 1.63 m
Correction of free surface must be applied over this, the
GM'T = GMT - 0.03 KG (assumed)
GM'T = 1.116301201 m

iv) Longitudinal Stability

GML=BML= (CIL*L2)/(T*CB)

GML = 328.9194342 m

MCT1cm= (CIL*L2*B)/100

MCT1cm= 2387.211891
 v) Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy

A) Harvald:
LCB = 9.70-45.0 Fn + 0.8
LCB = 3.988441946

LCB = 9.70-45.0 Fn - 0.8

LCB = 2.388441946

B) Schneekluth and Bestram

LCB = 8.80-38.9 Fn
LCB = 3.171119815
 
C) Another equation  

LCB = -13.5+19.4 CP
LCB = 2.866249404
 
The Average LCB can be taken as = 2.388 %

10
) Lightship Weight Estimation

A) Lightship Weight = 1128 x [Dwt/1000]^0.64

Lightship weight
= 31310.03138 Tonnes

B) Lightship Wt = Steel Weight + Outfit Weight + Machinery Weight + Margin

10.1.1) Steel Weight

The Estimated Steel Weight is normally the Net steel. To this scrap steel wt
(10 to 18%) is added to get gross steel weight

(100 x Steel weight /∆) = 20

Steel weight = 40516.03149 Tonnes

10.1.2) Steel Weight Estimation - WATSON AND GILFILLAN:

WS = WS7(1+0.5(CB1-0.70))
Where , WS = Steel Weight of Actual ship with block CB1 at 0.8D
Steel Weight of Actual Ship with block
WS7 = 0.70

CB1 = CB + (1-CB)*((0.8D-T)/3T)
CB1 = 0.85
Where CB: Actual Block at T
Ship Type Value of K For E
Bulker 0.029-0.032 3,000<E<15,000

WS7 = K *E1.36
WS7 = 15297.98 Tonnes

WS7(1+0.5(CB1-
WS = 0.70))
WS = 16407.54 Tonnes

10.1.3) Steel Weight Estimations: - J.M.HURREY

Wst = 0.1697 x (L^1.56) x ((B/D)+T/2) x (0.5 x CB+0.4)/0.8 - J.M.HURREY

Wst = 12811.39698 Tonnes

10.2) Machinery Weight

10.2.1) Murirosmith:-
Engine Power(KW) = 19620
Engine Power = 26310.85 (From Basic Ship - DHL Pacific)
WM = BHP/10+200 Tons Diesel
WM = 2831.085 Tonnes
For ships with large electrical load add 5 to 12%

∆WM1 = 339.7302 Tonnes

For m/c aft deduct 5%
∆WM2 = 141.55425 Tonnes
 WM = 3029.26 Tonnes

10.2.2) Watson & Gilfillan

WM (Diesel) = Σ12(MCRi/RPMi)0.84 + Auxiliary Weight.

Auxiliary Weight = 0.69(MCR)^0.7 for bulk & general cargo vessel

Auxiliary Weight = 715.8534652 Tonnes

WM = 1845.01617 Tonnes

10.3) Outfit Weight Estimation

For Cargo Ships of every type

WO = K*L*B
k = 0.17 - 0.18 t/m2

WO = 2294.84805 Tonnes

10.4) Margin on Lightship Weight Estimation

Ship Type Margin on Wt. Margin on VCG

Cargo ships 1.5 to 2.5% 0.5 to 0.75%

Total Weight = 21731.65 Tonnes

Margin on Weight = 543.291165 Tonnes

Lightship Weight = 22274.94 Tonnes

11
) Weight Balance:

11.1) Weight Equation to be satisfied is

 ∆ext= Light ship weight + Dead weight
∆ext= 202274.94 Tonnes

11.2) Deadweight Governing Equation:-

∆= L*B*T*CB*Þ*(1+s)
Shell plating & Appendage
Where s = Displacement
Approx. (0.5 to 0.8%) of moulded Displacement
ρ = Density of sea water

∆ = 204200.7987 Tonnes

Therefore, percentage diffrence in displacement

(∆ext - ∆)/∆ext) x 100 (%) = -0.952