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Coiled Tubing Emergency Procedures 1628881992
Coiled Tubing Emergency Procedures 1628881992
Coiled Tubing
Emergency Procedures
Main Targets:
People
5
Shearing the Coiled Tubing String (Shear/Seal) BOP
Shearing the coiled tubing string with shear/seal equipment is generally
undertaken as last resort under emergency conditions to enable the
wellbore to be isolated by subsequent closure of the master valve.
If the CT is Free, But has to Cut for Emergency Situation as Sever Surface Leak
Stop the coiled tubing string
Stop pumping operations
Pull the CT to a depth allows enough room for dropped CT to close MV & SV
Close the shear/seal rams
Close the swab valve
Close the wellhead master valve
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Shearing Coiled Tubing (Shear/Seal BOP)
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Pin hole Leak
In case of a pin hole leak, normal coiled tubing operations should be
suspended and the following actions must be taken to secure the well
and recover the coiled tubing string safely:
Run in hole to place leak point between the stripper and pipe
rams. If the leak is placed below the pipe rams, the check valve
efficiency cannot be confirmed.
Reduce pumping rate, stop pumps or switch to safe fluid (if acid).
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Pin Hole Leak
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Minor Leaks
If the well site and wellbore conditions allows tolerance of a minor fluid
leak during the string recovery, the string then can be safely recovered if
the following precautions are observed:
Advise well site personnel of likely hazards and clear the area
surrounding the coiled tubing string.
The coiled tubing string should be flushed with water or similar
neutral fluid in preparation of the string recovery.
Reduce the pumping rate for slow circulation at a rate that minimizes
stress on the coiled tubing string while maintaining the fluids flow
down the coiled tubing string, i.e., in the event of check valve
leakage, wellbore fluids cannot enter the coiled tubing and reach
surface. 10
Major Leaks
In case of a major pin hole leak, actions for string recovery should be
taken only after confirming the efficiency of the check valve and
reviewing options to isolate or reduce the wellhead pressure.
• With the leak point located between the stripper and the pipe rams,
close the slip rams and pipe rams.
• Check the wellhead pressure and assess the risk of collapse before
testing the check valves.
• Flush treatment fluid from the string with water or similar neutral
fluid.
• Bleed the coiled tubing internal pressure and observe that the check
valves are effective.
• If the check valves are effective, recovery of the coiled tubing string
from live well may be considered without killing the well.
• If the check valves are not effective or if wellbore and well site
conditions prevent recovery of the string from a live wellbore, the well
should be killed to enable safe recovery of the coiled tubing string.
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Fractured Coiled Tubing string
13
If the check valves are operating efficiently, the string may be recovered safely if
the following precautions are observed:
• Personnel are to be kept clear from the danger area until the damaged section
of string is safely on the coiled tubing reel.
• Any force or stress should be kept to a minimum until the damaged section is
recovered to the coiled tubing reel.
• If the coiled tubing string damage is severe, temporary splice may be
necessary to enable the string to be safely spooled.
If the check valves are not operating efficiently and the damage or distortion to
the coiled tubing string is not severe:
• Slowly run into the wellbore to position the leak point between the stripper
and the pipe rams.
• Close the slip rams and pipe rams
• Start well killing procedure using the coiled tubing string as a circulation
string.
• With the well killed, pull the coiled tubing string out of hole and repair as
necessary to enable spooling.
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If the check valves do not appear to be operating
efficiently and it is not feasible to run the leak point into
the wellbore:
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Parted Coiled Tubing
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Parted Coiled Tubing
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Coiled Tubing Parted Downhole
• Stop CT.
• Establish the depth and fishing neck position of parted CT
utilizing slickline unit & LIB.
• RIH with CT equipped with suitable BHA ended with an
overshot at the bottom and latch the tip of the fish.
• POH the parted CT slowly to surface while pumping water at
min rate.
• As soon as the parted tip is at surface, close the pipe and slip
rams and carefully bleed-off the pressure above the slip rams
to zero.
• Disconnect the connection between the Stripper & BOP,
splice the parted CT reconnect the stripper and POH CT.
• Close X-mas Tree SW slowly & cautiously (count No. of turns).
• Once CT is above SV, close X-mas Tree UMV & LMV.
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Coiled Tubing Parted Downhole
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Coiled Tubing String Collapse
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Pressure Control Equipment Leaks
Stripper Leak
In the event that a persistent leak develops:
• Increase the pressure in the active stripper system (Do not exceed maximum
allowable stripper pressure).
• If leaks persist after increasing the system pressure, prepare to replace
stripper inserts or active tandem stripper system.
• Stripper inserts may be safely replaced under live well conditions if the
following precautions are observed:
Close and lock the pipe rams and slip rams.
Maintain slow circulation as may be required by wellbore conditions.
Release the pressure above the pipe rams by slowly retracting the stripper.
Replace the stripper inserts
Energize the stripper system.
Equalize the pressure across the pipe rams.
Check injector head traction pressures.
Retract manual locks on the pipe rams and slip rams.
Hydraulically open the pipe rams and slip rams and prepare to resume
normal operations.
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Stripper Leak
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Leak Between the Stripper and BOP
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• If the leak is minor and the wellbore and well site conditions allow,
the coiled tubing string may be recovered as per the following
recommendations:
Evacuate non-essential personnel from the area.
Pump water, into the coiled tubing / tubing annulus or BOP kill
valve to flush the coiled tubing.
Alternatively, any safe means of reducing wellhead pressure such
as opening the well to production facilities or pumping kill fluid
should be considered.
The leak and wellbore conditions should be closely monitored to
enable rapid response for any deteriorating conditions.
• If the leak is severe and wellbore or well site conditions do not allow
the release of wellbore fluids, the well should be killed to enable
recovery of the coiled tubing string at zero wellhead pressure.
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Leak Between BOP & Wellhead
• Leaks below the coiled tubing pressure control equipment can only be
controlled by killing the well or reducing wellhead pressure by flowing
the well to production facilities.
• If the leak is minor and the wellbore and well site conditions allow, the
coiled tubing string should be recovered as per the following
procedures:
POH the coiled tubing string at maximum safe speed without causing
excessive vibration or forces to the leak point.
Maintain fluid circulation at a minimum rate that equal the
displacement of the coiled tubing string.
When the coiled tubing approach the BOP stack close the wellhead
master valve.
Evacuate non-essential personnel from the area.
A kill fluid or water can be pumped into the coiled tubing/tubing
annulus or BOP kill valve to flush the coiled tubing.
Alternatively, any safe means of reducing wellhead pressure such as
opening the well to production facilities or spotting kill fluid should be
considered.
The leak and wellbore conditions should be closely monitored to enable
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rapid response to any deteriorating conditions.
Leak Between BOP & Wellhead
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If the leak is severe and wellbore or well site conditions
cannot tolerate the release of wellbore fluids, the coiled
tubing string should be cut to enable the wellbore to be
isolated by closing the wellhead valves.
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Injector Head Traction Fault
Note
Pressure control equipment should not be operated in case of string
runaway or ejection, i.e., do not close the pipe rams or slip rams. The
resulting forces could easily cause catastrophic damage to the BOP which
is an essential pressure barrier that may ultimately provide the only
means of securing the well.
30
Injector Head Traction Fault
31
Uncontrolled Descent
Note
All actions to regain control of the descending string must be made
through the injector head traction and drive systems. Attempts to use the
coiled tubing reel or pressure control equipment of control of a runaway
coiled tubing string can result in severe damage to equipment, including
wellhead equipment, and may jeopardize pressure control functions that
are later relied upon to secure the well.
33
Uncontrolled Ejection from the Wellbore
In the event that a coiled tubing string starts an uncontrolled ejection from the
wellbore, the following actions are recommended:
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Stuck Coiled Tubing String
• The principal hazards associated with stuck coiled tubing string relate
to possible damage to the coiled tubing string that may effect
subsequent limitations or performance and the potential inability to
circulate fluids in the wellbore due to bridging or plugging at a
restriction.
• The coiled tubing string may get stuck in the wellbore as a result of
several operational or wellbore conditions. In some cases, it may only
be possible to move the string in one direction, or movement may be
possible only with the application of force greater than anticipated.
Note
Care must be taken to ensure that the maximum tensile load placed on
the coiled tubing string precautions identified below should be
implemented when one or more of the following conditions exist:
Mechanical hang-up.
BHA or tool malfunction.
Fluid density and buoyancy changes.
Flash set treatment fluid.
Settling of solid particles in circulation fluid. 37
Formation of hydrates.
Distorted coiled tubing string hanging on pressure
control equipment.
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Treatment Line Or Surface Equipment Leak
41
Power Pack Failure
The principal hazards associated with power pack failure relate loss of
power to the injector head and the requirement to safely secure the
coiled tubing string against uncontrolled forces and movement.
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Crane Or Load Bearing Equipment Failure
The principal hazards associated with the failure of load bearing surface
equipment include:
Injury to personnel in the immediate area.
Damage to the wellhead and pressure containing equipment resulting in a
release of wellbore fluid or high-pressure treatment fluid.
Loss of contingency / emergency pressure control functions.
Any actions or response to the failure of load bearing equipment should be made
with consideration of the following:
The priority should be to secure the well without exposing well site personnel
to further risk or danger.
With the well secured, options to resolve any problem should be carefully
reviewed with consideration given to the existing wellbore conditions, and the
current capability of surface equipment.
If the coiled tubing string is in the wellbore at the time of the incident, the
string should be recovered to enable the integrity and function of surface
equipment to be confirmed.
Any damage to wellhead or surface production equipment should be assessed
before continuing normal operations.
Following repair or resolution of the problem, normal operations should not
continue until all equipment are function or pressure tested. 44
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Thank You