SHOCK

SHOCK
• An acute medical condition associated with a
fall in blood pressure caused by such events
as
• loss of blood
• severe burns
• bacterial infection
• allergic reaction
• sudden emotional stress
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Cool, clammy skin
• Pale or ashen skin
• Bluish tinge to lips or fingernails (or gray in the case of
dark complexions)
• Rapid pulse
• Rapid breathing
• Nausea or vomiting
• Enlarged pupils
• Weakness or fatigue
 TYPES OF SHOCK
• Cardiogenic shock (due to heart problems)
• Hypovolemic shock (caused by too little blood
volume)
• Anaphylactic shock (caused by allergic
reaction)
• Septic shock (due to infections)
• Neurogenic shock (caused by damage to the
nervous system)
 DIAGNOSTIC TEST
• Cardiogenic shock -Electrocardiogram
(ECG).
• hypovolemic shock - CBC, prothrombin time,
activated partial thromboplastin time
• Septic shock - procalcitonin test
• Anaphylactic shock - blood test to measure
the amount of a certain enzyme (tryptase)
 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• identifying and treating acute, reversible
causes
• restoring intravascular volume
• infusing vasoactive drugs
• using mechanical adjuncts, when applicable
• supporting vital functions until recovery.
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Key interventions for all types of shock are
focused around:
• adequate oxygen therapy
• appropriate fluid and drug therapy
• close patient monitoring.
• Raise the feet about 12 inches