INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616

Applications Of Digital Image Processing In Real

Time World
B.Sridhar

Abstract :-- Digital contents are the essential kind of analyzing, information perceived and which are explained by the human brain. In our brain, one
third of the cortical area is focused only to visual information processing. Digital image processing permits the expandable values of different
algorithms to be given to the input section and prevent the problems of noise and distortion during the image processing. Hence it deserves more
advantages than analog based image processing.

Index Terms:-- Agriculture, Biomedical imaging, Face recognition, image enhancement, Multimedia Security, Authentication

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2 REAL TIME APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

1 INTRODUCTION
Digital image processing is dependably a catching the
more attention field and it freely transfer the upgraded
multimedia data for human understanding and analyzing
of image information for capacity, transmission, and
representation for machine perception[1]. Generally, the
stages of investigation of digital image can be followed
and the workflow statement of the digital image
processing (DIP) is displayed in Figure 1.
Fig.1: Block diagram of Digital Image Processing
Image acquisition is the primary steps of digital image
processing in this stage the image is experienced the
preprocessing, such as scaling etc. The main goal of
preprocessing techniques is to enhance the quality of the
image and diminish the unwanteddistortions and improve
the quality of the input image. Feature extraction begins
from an initial set of measured information and fabricates
determined esteems planned to be instructive and non-
repetitive, facilitating the subsequent learning and
generalization steps, and now and again prompting better
human interpretations.
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This chapter reviews the recent advances in image
processing techniques for various applications, which
include agriculture, multimedia security, Remote sensing,
Computer vision, Medical applications, Biometric
verification, etc,.
2.1 Agriculture
In the present situation, due to the huge density of
population, gives the horrible results of demand of food,
diminishments in agricultural land, environmental variation
and the political instability, the agriculture industries are
trying to find the new solution for enhancing the essence of
the productivity and sustainability.―In order to support and
satifisfied the needs of the farmers Precision agriculture is
employed [2]. It can help with upgrading the cultivating
practices by utilizing data innovation instruments, which
empowers farmers to listen, evaluate and control the
farming practices, such as sufficient amount of fertilizers,
pesticides and water usage. Figure 2 identifies the crop
detection and seed identification.Precision agriculture is an
advanced technology which leads to incorporate the
devloping techniques to improve farm output and also
enrich the farm.
Table 1:Properties of Different Agriculture Data
types
Type of Data Resolution Accuracy
Crop yield High Low
Topographic High Medium
Soil Sampling Low High
Artizzu et al.(3) developed a system based on computer-
based image analysis determining proportions of crops,
weeds and soil in the image. This system considered
varying light, soil background texture and crop damage
conditions including crop growth stage and size of weeds
as hindrances in processing of the images.

• B. Sridhar, Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, INDIA-
500043, sridharbece@gmail.com

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616

science related studies. In addition to that it also has used

in defence, intelligence, commercial, planning, and
humanitarian based applications. The monitoring of a
parolee by an ultrasound identification system, Positron
Emission Tomography (PET), X-radiation (X-ray), Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI)‖, and space probes are the
cases of remote sensing. [5]. Different land cover types in
an image can be discriminated using some image
classification algorithms using spectral features, i.e. the
(a) (b) brightness and "colour" information contained in each pixel.
The classification can be "supervised" or" unsupervised"
and the results are highlighted in figure 4. In supervised
classification, the spectral features of some areas of known
land cover types are extracted from the image. These areas
are known as the "training areas". Every pixel in the whole
image is then classified as belonging to one of the classes
depending on how close its spectral features are to the
spectral features of the training areas. In unsupervised
(c) (d) classification, the computer program automatically groups
Fig: 2 (a) Input Image, (b) Segmented image, (c) Image the pixels in the image into separate clusters, depending on
after crop detection and (d) Weed identification. their spectral features. Each cluster will then be assigned a
land cover type by the analyst.
2.2 Multimedia Security
Development of multimedia innovation in the present era,
the digital content has allowed freely to spreadout. While in
wireless medium, an unapproved person may effortlessly
acquire to and control the data; in this manner, the shield of
information and distinguishing controls is a vital task [4].
There is no difference between the degree of excellence of
an original and its copy of digital data. Image processing
techniques can be utilized to identify the copyright owners,
by novel algorithms. The protection against the hacking
attacks on those web or available is plans, there exist
distinctive data security framework for multimedia data.
(a)
These present security frameworks are either using
encryption or steganography, or the combination of both.
Figure 3 shows the process of watermarking on signals.
There is diverse securable image encryption that can be
especially for protection against the unauthorized access.
Atransferred over the internet having important data of
military, security associations, social or adaptable
applications. Hence the image security is necessary. The
commonly used security mechanisms are DFT, DCT, DWT,
etc.The transfer of the image over the unsecured network
will pose following attacks such as active and passive
attacks.Active attacks: This consists of few data stream (b)
modification or false data stream creation.
Fig 4: (a) SPOT multispectral image of the test area and (b)
Thematic map derived from the SPOT image using an
unsupervised classification algorithm.

The accuracy of the thematic map derived from remote

sensing images should be verified by field observation.

Table 2: Class Vs Land cover type

Fig: 3 Block diagram of Watermarking
Class No.
Land cover Type
(Colour in Map)
1 (black) Clear water
2.3 Remote sensing Dense Forest with closed
In remote sensing techniques the acquisition of an image is 2 (green)
canopy
performed by on-site observation without any contact with 3 (yellow) Shrubs, Less dense forest
the object. Remote sensing is utilized a various fields, 4 (orange) Grass
including to find the location, surveying of land and earth 5 (cyan) Bare soil, built-up areas

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Turbid water, bare soil, built-up

6 (blue)
areas
7 (red) bare soil, built-up areas
8 (white) bare soil, built-up areas
2.4 Computer Vision
Another mile stone of Image Processing is Computer Vision
Image processing, because it not like the basic
fundamentals of compression, filtering, and enhancement.
Additionally, the investigation of PC vision made the
conceivable assignments such as 3D reproduction of
scenes, movement catching, and protest acknowledgment,
which are vital for considerably more elevated the quantity
of knowledge such as image and video understanding, and
motion understanding. Branches in the computer vision are
shown in figure 5.The relative case of these computer
vision frameworks includes control and detect. An
autonomous vehicle or an industrial robot is the suitable
example for process control, and visual surveillance is for
object detection [6].
Body area networks (BANs) is shown in figure 6. BSN can
tackle health care monitoring and delivery challenges
through wireless technology and mobile and cloud
computing using independent sensors and actuators
attached to the body. In a wireless BAN, the nodes or
sensors are placed on the body or on everyday clothing.
Several of these sensors are connected to a central
processor, which transfers the data to a medical network
where health care professionals assess the user’s health
condition. A key attribute of a BSN is that it allows medical
data to be sampled, processed, and transmitted while the
user is at home or on the move. Biomedical sensors are
interconnected into a system to form a body area sensor
network (BASN). The term BASN is used when referring to
telemedicine or m-health that involves mobile
communication, networking, and computing. A BASN node
acts as an interface, helping in processing and transmitting
data in medical applications
2.6 Biometric Verification
Biometric Verification is discuss with the recognition of
human characteristics are identified and control by using
efficient algorithms. The main reason of employing the
biometric verification algorithm is to give the assurance that
the authenticated users only accessed by a legitimate user
and nobody else. The flow of biometric verification as
displayed in figure 7.Based on the place of application this
smart biometric system is employed as verification mode or
identification mode. [8].

Fig 5: Branches in Computer vision

2.5 Medical Applications

Medical imaging is the process of making visual
representations of the interior structure of a body for clinical
investigation and medical intervention, and additionally
visual representation of the function of some organs or
tissues. ―Moreover, in advance investigation digital
methods, such as Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI) are employed to identify the
disease. Content Based Medical Image Retrieval (CBMIR)
technology is an active research area, and it is employed to
medical database systems are regularly increasing [7]‖.The
purpose of medical database classification has frequently Fig 7: Process of Biometric verification
defined as the delivery of the required information at the
correct time. CBMIR based image retrieval has been broad 3 Conclusion
range of medical specializations. Digital image processing handling manages control of
digital images through a digital computer. Generally, image
processing contributes on building up a computer system
that is able to perform processing on an image. The digital
image processing includes robust intelligent system, robots
which are in automation made altogether by look into
researchers in different parts of the world. It incorporates
advancements in different digital image processing
applications.

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Fig 6: Body Area Sensor Networks
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