PDF Job Hunting DD

C A M B R ID G E Professional English
Cambridge English for
Colm Downes

Cambridge English for
Colm Downes
Serie
Seriess Editor: Jerem
Jer em y Day
Da y
C a m b r i d g e
UNIVERSITY PRESS

C A M B RI
RI D G E UNIV ERSITY PRES
SSS
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Cambridge University Press

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Cambridg
bridge
e Univers
Uni versity
ity Press 20
2008
08
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no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2008
Printed in Italy by L.E.G.O. S.p.A.
A catalo
catalogue
gue record fo r this publica
pub lication
tion is available
avail able fro m the British
Brit ish Library
ISBN 978-0-521-72215-5 Student's Book with Audio CD
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or

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this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,
or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel
timetables and other factual information given in this work are correct at
the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee
the accuracy of such information thereafter.

Introduction
The aim of Cambridge English for Job-hunting is to develop the English language and communication
skills you need to get the job you want. Specifically designed for both working professionals and those
new to the world of work, the book comprises six stand-alone units which cover all of the following
areas and more:
• Researc
Researching
hing the market
• Preparing a CV
• Writing a cover letter
• Answering
Answer ing interview
intervie w questions
• Answering competency based
based interview questions
• Turning
Turning negatives
negat ives into positives
• Telephone interviews
• Negotiating terms and conditions of service
In the book we have used authentic materials such as genuine CVs and cover letters, which you can
use as useful models when writing your own CV and cover letter. On the audio you will hear a lot of
interview extracts, from both strong candidates giving model responses to interview questions, as well
as weaker candidates making common mistakes. The book will guide you through these examples and
highlight successful techniques for dealing with difficult questions, as well as providing you with lots of
opportunities to practise.
In the classroom Cambridge English for Job-hunting provides between 40 and 60 hours of study. This
can be extended using the teachers’ notes and extension activities online.
How to use Ca
Camb
mbri Engg lish f or Job-hunting for self-study
ri dg e En
If you are working on your own, you can do the units in any order you like. Choose the unit that
matches the stage you’re at in the job application process and work through the exercises, checking
your answers in the answer key. Note down any mistakes you make, then go back and listen or read
again to see what the problem was. It’s a good idea to listen to the audio more than once and to read
the audioscript
audiosc ript afterwards to check
check tha t you’ve
you’ve understood.
understood.
For the speaking activities, think about what you would say in the situation. You could also try talking
about the discussion points with your friends and colleagues, as almost everyone has experience in
job-hunting
job-hunting and stories to share.
Audioscripts and a comprehensive answer key (including suggested answers for discussion tasks)
are at the back of the book. In addition, you can find extra material online at
www.cambridge.org/elt/englishforjobhunting .
I very much hope you enjoy using the course and wish you every success in your own job hunt. If you
have any comments on Cambridge English for Job-hunting, I’d love to hear from you. You can email me
at englishforjobhunting@cambridge.org .
Colm Downes is a freelance English language teacher/trainer and ESP consultant. He began teaching English as a
vol
volunt
unteer
eer in Sri Lanka in 1998
1998 and has since worked in a number of countr
countries
ies around the world, including
including Spain,
Egypt and Poland, and spent two years helping the British
British Council
Council establish a teaching centre in Brussels. Whi
Whilst
lst in
Belgium
Belgi um Colm wrote and piloted
piloted a number of successful ES
E SP courses, iincluding
ncluding courses for The European
European Comm
Commission,
ission,
The European Patent Office and Job Applications Skills. He completed an MA in ELT and Applied Linguistics at King’s
College London, developing his interest in World Englishes and the use of English as a Lingua Franca.
Introduction 3
Identifying the stages in the job Strengths and weaknesses Listening

UNIT 1 ' application process Personal characteristics 1.1 Getting
Getti ng star
started
ted
Researching yourself Qualifications 1.2 Identifyi
Identifying
ng strengths arid weaknesses
Research
Highlighting your skills arid Transferable skills 1.3 Identifying transferable skills
an
and
d
experience Professional behaviour 1.4 Different
Different job-hunting
job-hunting methods
preparation
Researching the market Demonstrating skills 1.5 Cold calling: two examples
page 6
Job adve
advert
rtis
isem
emen
entt ja
jarg
rgo
on Reading
Describing knowledge and
Stages in the job application process
experience
Job adve
advert
rtis
isem
emen
ents
ts
Structuring your CV Sections of a CV Listening

UNIT 2 Avoiding common CV mistakes Common
Comm on CV verbs
verbs 2.1 Str
Structu
ucturi
ring
ng a CV
Writing an Creating a strong first Section headings 2.2 Common CV mistakes
impression Spelling 2.3 Selling yourself effectively
impressive
Identifying your key skills Personal statements 2.4 The interests section of your CV
CV
Highlighting your work Skills-based headings 2.5 Selecting referees
page 19 experience Transferable skills Reading
Detailing
Detaili ng your educati
education
on and Action verbs
qualifications Model CVs: chronological and skills-based
International qualifications
Demonstrating your interests Job adve
advert
rtis
isem
emen
entt
Noun phrases
Providing references Ar ticle: The education section of your CV
i. %il i •; -a $ jj.

Identifying features of cover Phrases for opening a cover letter Listening
UNIT 3 letters Talking about the job you’re 3.1 b 3.2 The dos and don’ts of cover
Beginning a cover letter applying for letters
Effective
cover Writing the main body of the Demonstrating skills and 3.3 How to begin a cover letter
letter experience 3.4 Ending a cover letter
letters
Writing an effective final Matching skills and experience to
page 34 paragraph the job Reading
Using appropriate language Closing expressions Model cover letter 1 b 2
2
Writing a cover letter Formal expressions Job adver
advertis
tisem
emen
entt
Bad cover letter
Preparing for the interview Small talk Listening

i.UNIT
Ts I f ? ? |4
t?v:I Making a positive first Common interview questions 4.1 Before
Before yo
you
u arrive
Successful
impression Demonstrating interest and 4.2 Interviews: openings
Dealing effectively with motivation 4.3 Body language
interviews
page 47 interview
Talking aboutquestions
yourself Interview answer templates 4.4 Interviews: poor responses
Positive adjectives 4.5 Interviews: improved responses
Avoiding common mistakes Giving details
details of your
your skills and 4.6 Interviews: an effective answer
Proving you’ve done your experience 4.7 Interviews: poor responses
research Structuring your responses
responses 4.8 Talking about yourself
Demonstrating you’ve got what
4.9 Interviews: improved responses
it takes
4 . 10 Making the most of common
questions
4 . 11 Interviews: good and ba
badd models
models
4 . 12 Interviews: saying why you want to
work for a company
4.1 3 Interviewers discussing candidate’s
performance
4.14 Interviews: talking about relevanL
skills and experience
4.15 Interviews: match
matching
ing you
yourr skills and
experience to the position
4 Contents
Language Texts
Handling competency-based Phrasal verbs Listening
UNIT 5 questions Competencies 5.1 b 5.2 Interviews: anecdotes
Demonstrating your skills Structuri
Struc turing
ng a response using the 5.3 Dealing with competency-based
Talking about your weaknesses STAR model questions
Asking questions of your own Introducing surprising information 5.4 b 5.5 Interviews:
Interviews: talking about
about your
Dealing with
with telephone
telephone Softening negatives education (good and bad models)
interviews Emphasising positives 5.6 b 5.7 Interviews: using the STAR
Positive expressions model
5.8 Turning negatives into positives
Polite questions
questions 5.9 Interviews: talking about your
Asking for clarification
weaknesses
5.10 Interviews: emphasising positive
information
5.11
5.1 1 Intervi
Interviews:
ews: an
an impressive
impressive positi
positive
ve
response
5.12 Interviews: rearranging a telephone
interview
5 . 13 (St 5.1
5.144 Interviews:
Interviews: cl
clarifyi
arifying
ng
information
Reading
Article:
Articl e: Quest
Questions
ions to ask in an interview
Article: Tackling telephone interviews
Keeping in touch Phrases for follow-up letters: Listening

UNIT 6 Handling rejection • Re
Requ
quest
esting
ing feedb
feedback
ack 6.1 b 6.2 What to do after the interview
Dealing with job offers • Accepti
Accepting
ng the job 6.3 Learning from failure
Follow up • Withdrawing ffrorom
m conside
consideration
ration 6.4 A job offer
Negotiating terms and
page 72 • Declinin
Declining
ga an
n offer
offer 6.5 Handling a job offer
conditions
Formal language 6.6 Writing an acceptance letter
6.7 Withdrawing from consideration
6.8 Declining a job offer
6.9 Pay negotiation extracts
6.10 Successful arid unsuccessful salary
negotiations
Reading
Feedback letter
m mm ■
Audioscript Sfei
*£-x-xx::r: s&re&tforiSi M
page 84
Answer key page 96
Appendix 1: Useful language page 105
Appendix 2: Common interview questions page 110
Appendix 3: Model cover letter page 111
Acknowledgments page 112

Contents 5
UNIT 1
• Ident
Identifyin
ifying
g the stages in the
job application
application proce
rocessss
• Researching yourself
yours elf
• Highlighting your skills and
experience
• Researching the mark
market et
Identifying the stages in the job

job
application process
Most of us spend between 60-80% of our waking hours working,
so it’s important to find a job that brings true satisfaction. If you
haven’t found it yet, then don’t give up. Keep looking until you find
a job that you love doing.
3 Teresa Fernandez, a recent

rece nt graduate,
gradu ate, is applying for a job in marketing.
Match the extracts from documents and conversations (a-h) to the stages
in the job application process ( 1 - 8 ).
1 Sending a cover
cover letter 4 Respondin
Responding g to inte
intervi
rview
ew questio
questions
ns 7 Resea
Researchin
rchingg the market
market
2 Sending a CV/resum
CV/resume e 5 Making
Mak ing interview small talk 8 Researching
Researc hing yourself
3 Sending
Sendin g a follo
follow-
w-up
up letter 6 Rea
Reading
ding a job advertisem
adver tisement
ent
MARKE
MARKETI
TING
NG ASSISTA
ASSISTANT,
NT, B ri
rist
sto
ol
circa £25K pa ‘Teresa?’
We are a leader in the international logistics ‘Yes. Hello.’
business,
busines s, with operations in over 20
‘Good afternoon. My name’s Alan Cassidy. Sorry to
countries. We are seeking
seeking a young,
young, dy namic
keep you waiting.’
professional to join our marketing team. You
will have a good
good first degree inin marketing or a That’s all right. I’ve been enjoying your company
related subject, and ideally some experience brochure. It all looks very impressive. It’s nice to
of working in the marketing department of a meet you at last.’
large company. Abov e all, you must have a
Thanks. Have you travelled far to us today?’
positive attitude, strong creative skills, and an
ability to w ork we ll in a team.
team. Full training will ‘Quite far. I’m currently based in London, so I
be provided. There are excell

excellent
ent opportunities came on the train this morning.’
for promotion within the department,
department,
6 Unit
Un it 1 Research an
and
d preparation
preparat ion

I am a recent psychology graduate with first-hand experience of marketing,

custwrier
custw rier servtoe and s J e s . I wo
would
uld lik
like
e to apply for the posit.o
posit.on
n of Market,n
Market,ng
g
Assistant, as advertised in The Guardian.
I find the prospect of working for your company very attractive because it will
enable me to put my deep theoretical knowledge of human nature ,nto a very
practical context in a successful international firm.
. . . I
<*r -Wyvri'irff** '
I am writing to thank you for giving me the opportunity o f an interview
d
today
today,, Ev eryone in your office
office was friendly and made m e feel very welcome.
As we discussed during the interview, I believe my skills and experience

would enable me to make a very useful contribution to your team. On my
jo u rn e y ho m e I gave
ga ve m or e th ou gh t t o y ou r qu es ti
tion
on ab ou t pr ic
icin
ing.
g. I ch ec ke d
your prices against how much your competitors are charging for equivalent
services, and calculated that with your strong reputation for quality, you
couldd justify char
coul charges
ges o f ...
J h \ v ... _v
< i
i k . ..........
'$■ **■
» iff
.iffif
f
'MC* u'e" wifk people
‘What would you say are your main
weaknesses?’
^^-UuOvkih
‘Well, I didn’t use to be very well-organised.
b if ikA
ikAoo^y Nothing very serious, but for example I used
to forget my friends’ birthdays or try to rush
MV WE
WE/lk
/lkN
NE s s E s university assignments to get them done at
the last minute. But in the last few years I’ve
w d l ^ HiseiJ T w n ,i* ! learnt some nice tricks to help me organise
W\inUth3 my life - simple things like writing down all
research
research
fKe v\ef my tasks for the day and not relaxing until
f0 I’ve done everything I need to do.’
pvoble^-solvi^
êcisiovis
2004-2007 Kingston
Kingston University
Univers ity
• BSc
BS c (Hons) Psych
Psychology
ology (2.1)
2008 Customer service assistant, Packaging Palace
‘Good afternoon. Faster Forwarding
• Resolved customer complaints
Logistics. How can I help you?’
• Created customer
custome r loyalty programm
programme
e
‘Hello. My name’s Teresa Fernandez.
• Liaised with management
manag ement on pricing strategy
Could I speak to Mr Cassidy in
Marketing, please?’
‘I’m afraid he’s in a meeting. Can I take a message?’
‘I’m not sure. I was calling to see if there are any vacancies in your marketing department. I’m a recent
psychology graduate, and I’m very keen to work for a company like yours, because of your excellent
reputation.’
‘Actually, I think there is a vacancy. There was an advert in The Guardion last week. Have you seen it?’
‘No, I must have missed that. Do you have a copy of the advert that you could send me?’
‘Of course, but you’ll have to be quick: the closing date is tomorrow.’
b Put the stages (1-8)

(1-8 ) in Exercise 1a into the most logical
logical sequence.
sequence.
Un it 1 Research and preparation
prepa ration 7

C Read the extracts again. Which extracts mention:

1 details
details of
of Teresa’
Teresa’s
s work experience? _£_____
2 details of Teresa’
Teresa’s
s studies and qu alif ica
icatio
tions?
ns? ___________
3 the
the job sa la ry ? ___
4 Teresa’
Teresa’s we ak ne sse s? _______
5 evidence of Teresa’s
Teresa’s skill
skill with nu m b er s? ___________
6 where the vacancy is ad ve rtis ed ? _______
Teresa’s research s k il ls ? ___
8 teamwork? ___________
9 a compliment from
from Teresa
Teresa about the co m pa ny ? _______________
Teresa’s research into
into the co m p an y? ___
d Do you think Teresa has a good chance of getting the job? Why (not)?
Researching yourself
Before you look for the perfect job, write a CV or apply for a job, you need to do
some research. Researching yourself is the key to finding the job that is right
for you.
2 a ^1.1 Silvia Carnali is approaching the end of her degree course at

university. She has decided to start looking for a job, but is not sure where
to begin. Silvia asks her friend Sophie, who works in the university careers
office, for some advice. Listen to their conversation and, in pairs, discuss
the following questions.
1 Wh at is the firs
firstt thing
thing Sophie
Sophie sugge
suggests
sts Silvia does?
2 How does Sophie
Soph ie identify her trans
transfera
ferable
ble skills?
3 Does Sophie think
think personality
personality tests are very important?
4 W ha t is
is the fin
final
al piece of advice Sophie gives Silv ia?
b Have you tried any of Sophie’s suggestions? Did they work for you?
Your strengths and weaknesses

The first thing you need to do when starting the job-hunting process is a self-
assessment of your own strengths and weaknesses. This process will help
you identify the skills, qualifications, experience, knowledge and personal
characteristics that employers are looking for.
3 a After talking to Sophie, Silvia produced a ‘mind map’ to highlight her

strengths and weaknesses. Complete the sentences (a-j) in Silvia’s mind
map on the following page using the prepositions in, to or at.
at .
b Complete the headings (1-6) on the mind map using the words in the box.
Achievements
Achievements Experience Knowledge
Knowledge
Languag
Languages
es Personal characteri
characteristic
stics
s Skitts
8 Uni
Unit 1 Research and preparation

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C ^1.2
^1.2 Listen to
to two friends,
friends, Federico
Fede rico and Jack
Ja ck , talking about
abou t Federico’s
Fede rico’s
strengths and weaknesses, in pairs, discuss the following questions.
1 Wha t ha
hass Fe
Feder
derico
ico rrece
ecent
ntly
ly deci
decided
ded to
to do?
2 Wh y has he made this decision?
decisi on?
3 W hat
ha t do
does
es Federico
Federico cla
claim
im ttoo be
be good at ?
4 W ha t would Federico really likelike to be able to do
do??
5 W ha t is
is Federico doing in orde
orderr to achieve this aim ?
d ^1.2 Listen again and underline the personal characteristics in the box that
best describe Federico. In pairs, discuss your answers using evidence from
the conversation to support your opinion.
creative
creative disorganised flexible
flexible
impatient
impati ent reli
reliable
able successful
successful
e Match the personal characteristics (1 - 6 ) to the questions (a-f).

1 cre
rea
ative
tive -— a Do yo
you
u alway
alwayss do
do what
what you
you say
say y
you'll
ou'll do
do??
2 decisive \ b Are you good at getting other people to agree with you?
3 flexible \ c Are you good at making your mind up quiquickl
ckly?
y?
4 organised Are you able to plan ahead successfully?
5 persuasive
\ d Are you able to cope with last-minute changes?
\V f e
6 reliable Are you good at coming up with imaginative solutions?
f Make the personal characteristics in Exercise 3e negative by adding a

prefix [dis-, in- or un-).
] u^cvg^H ve 3 5__ __
2 _____________ 4 6 ___
g In pairs,
pairs, take turns to ask and answer the questions in Exercise 3e. Discuss
Discuss
your individual strengths and weaknesses, giving specific evidence.
A: ‘Do you always do what you say you will do?’
B: ‘Yes
‘Yes, I ’m very
ve ry reliable. I ’m alway
alw ays s on time
time to work,
work, c
classe
lasses
s and
an d meetings,
meetings,
and when
when I ca n’t make it, it, I let
le t people know ahead
ahea d of
o f ti
time.
me.’’
Unit
prepara tion 9

h Draw a mind map similar to Silvia’s, showing your strengths and

weaknesses. Add as many bubbles as you like. Try to use the following
phrases.
Strengths Weaknesses Positive

Positiv e Negative
characteristics characteristics
I'm exc
excellen
ellentt a t ... I'm not
not very go
good
od a t ... I am ... I can sometimes
sometimes be ...
I'm abl
ble
e to ...
.. . I co
cou
uld be bette
betterr a t ... I try to ...
.. . Occasionally I am ...
I'm interested in ... ... I'm reason
reasonably
ably good
good a t ... I ca
can
nbbe
e a little b
bii t ...
1 recently managed
anaged to ...
... I would
would like to be able to ...
i In pairs, discuss your mind

mind maps.
maps. Do you share any common
common strengths or
weaknesses?
Your qualifications
At all stages during the job application process you will need to be able to
describe your academic qualifications clearly.
4 a Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in the box. You
will need to use some verbs more than once.
award complete graduate hold obtain read
1 I <ytc\A.\\c\\-e.A with a BA in Sociology

Socio logy from the
University of California in Los Angeles in 2007.
2 I Economics at the London
London School of
Economics and Political Science (LSE). I then _______
a Master’s in Security Studies at the University of

Birmingham, which included a semester at New York
University at the Centre of European Studies.
3 I with
with a BA in Hot
Hotel
el & Catering
Catering Management
from Hong Kong Polytechnic University. I also ______
an M BA in Marketing, which
which I last yea
year.
r.
4 A ft e r from
from the School of Oriental Languages and Communication
Communication
with a BA (Hons) in Mandarin Chinese and English in Maastricht (The
Netherlands), I w a s a scholarship
scholarship t o International Relations
at the College of Europe, Warsaw.
b Complete the sentences using the prepositions at, from, in or with.
1 I started
started my career
career Johnston
Johnston Group
Group aft
after
er graduating Hanya
Hanyang ng
Univ ersity a BA and
and M A Ch
Chemi
emica
call Eng
Engine
ineeri
ering.
ng.
2 I gra du ated 2008 an MS c in Criminol
Criminology
ogy and Crimina
Criminall Ju st ic e __
Tokyo University.
3 I also
also obtained
obtained a B S c Computer
Computer Sci en ce Moscow State Univer
University
sity
2005.
4 I read Modern Lan gu
guag
ages
es The National University of Singapor
Singapore.
e.
C In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1 Wh at qu
qual
alifi
ificat
cation
ions
s do
do you
you have?
2 Wher
Wh eree did you go to university?
unive rsity?
3 When did you grad uate?
4 W hat
ha t types of career are common
common for
for people
people with
with your qualifications?
5 Which of your qualifications is most lik
likely
ely to impress a future emplo yer?
10 Unit
Un it 1 Research a
and
nd preparation
prepa ration

Highlighting your skills and experience

Employers will ask for transferable skills or competencies - the skills,
knowledge
knowledge and behaviour they consider necessary for a p articular job.
job.
Reviewing your previous experience will help you to identify your transferable
skills and recognise jobs that you are qualified for.
In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1 Wh at general ski
skills
lls and knowledge
knowledge do most
most employers look
look for iin
n job
applicants?
2 Ap art from specific qualifications and technical
technical expertise, what skills
skills and
knowledge have you got that make you employable?
Match the transferable skills (1-8) to the examples of professional

behaviour (a-h).
1 analytical
analytical skills a I have a justif
justified
ied belief
belief in my
my abili
ability
ty to do the job.
\ I am able to express
express my opinion or provide advice
advice when necessa
necessary.
ry.
I am good at making decisions.
2 creativity b I acti
activel
vely
y seek
seek feedback on my performance andand careful
carefully
ly consider feedback.
I demonstrate
demonstrate an inter
interest
est in and
and understanding of my own
own and other cultures.
cultures.
I understand my own strengths and limitations.
3 self-confidence c I am good at gettin
getting
g a good deal.
II am
am able
go
good
odto
at persuade,
developing
developing
persua coand
de, convi managing
managing
nvince
nce relationshi
relat
and gain ionships
support ps with
from others.
others.
4 communication d I am able to formulate new ideas to solve problems.
skills I am able to think ahead to spot or create opportunities.
I set aside thinking time to come up with
with alt
alternat
ernative
ive ways
ways of getting things done more
ore
efficiently.
5 independence e I can work
work with sustained
sustained energy and determinati
determination
on on my own.
I can find ways to overcome obstacles to set myself achievable goals.
I strive
strive towards m
myy own targets and refuse to settl
settlee for secon
second
d best.
6 interpersonal V f I am good
good at data analysis.
analysis.
skills I am excellent
excellent at inter
interpreti
preting
ng data to see cause a
and
nd effect
effect and a
am
m able
able to us
use
e this information
information
to make effective decisions.
g I am able to expres
express
s myself effecti
effectivel
vely.
y.
7 skills
negotiation I am able to make my opinions tottotal
ally
ly clear
clear an
and
d am rarely
rarely m
misunderstood.
isunderstood.
I produce clear, well-written reports that can be easily understood.
h I am good
good at working cooperativel
cooperatively.
y.
I am good
good at working anand
d communicati
communicating
ng wit
within
hin a team to achi
achieve
eve shared goals.
8 self-awareness
I am a good
good lis
listener
tener..
W rite your own examples

examples of behaviour
behav iour for the following transferab
trans ferable
le sk
skill
ills.
s.
Compare your answers with the suggestions in the answer key.
1 flexibili
flexibility
ty I HOf vigi
vigils
ls Ivy iw\y ^ppy
py-Q
-Qg’vcU fo
f o WOvV.
WOvV. _________________________
2 leadership sk ill
illss ------- -------------------------------------------
3 organisational sk
skills
ills -----------------------------------------------
4 teamworking
teamworking ski lls ------
Identify three key transferable skills of your own, which you have used
at work or university. In pairs, tell each other about your skills, giving
examples of your behaviour.
Unit
prep aration 11

e ^1.3
^1.3 Afte r creating her mind
mind map, Silvia talks to Sophie about
abou t her
university and work experience.
experience. Listen to the conversation and answer the
following questions.
1 When did
did Silv
Silvia
ia ap
apply
ply for
for her
her MA course?
course?
2 Wh at was Silvia doing
doing in Africa?
Africa ?
3 Wh at job did Silvia hav
havee at university?
f ^1.3 Complete the extracts from the conversation using the correct form of
the verbs in the box. Listen again and check your answers.
appty convince deal give plan talk understand work
1 7 <*pplieA for my MA course while I was working in Africa,

lie Afric a, and even
even
managed to start doing some research for the course before I came back to
to
England.’
‘So yo u’re
u’re clearly
clea rly quite good a t '
_______
2 I for an NGO as part of a large team with people from all over the
world.
wor ld. We all
a ll lived
lived together and shared a bathroom. The
The work
work was quite
quite
varied
varied and
and I w as different tasks to complete each week.
week.
3 ... our main aim was to educate local people about the need for
for
reforestation . We tried putting up posters, but
reforestation. bu t tthis
his didn’
didn ’t have much of an
an
effect.
effect. We needed to find
find a better
bette r way to communicate this this message.
message. La
Later
ter
on I to respe
respected
cted members of the community,
community, a an
nd them to
talk to other people
peo ple in the village.
village. This
This approach
approa ch was far more effective.
4 When I was at university / was the communicat
commu nications
ions officer of the student
union and I was responsi
responsible
ble fo r with suppliers. I had to order food
and drink for university concerts and so on. It was always possible to get get
a better
b etter deal
d eal if you were
w ere good
good on the phone.
phone. It wasn’
wasn ’t ju
just
st a question
question of
being persuasive
persu asive th
thoug
ough,
h, it was really
re ally a case
cas e of
o f being clear
clea r and expressing
expressing
yourself
you rself well,
well, making sure that everyb
eve rybodod y what I was saying.
g In pairs, discuss which

which trans
tra nsfer
ferab
able
le skills in Exercises 5b and 5c are
demonstrated in each extract (1-4).
12 Unit
prep aration

Complete the phrases for demonstrating transferable skills using the

correct verbs in brackets.
brackets.
1 analytical skills [analys
[analysee / conduct
conduct / Identify)
a iênH-Py
iênH -Py a mistake h data c ,. a survey
2 creativity [invent / solve / suggest)
suggest)
a a machine b ... an a lternative c . a problem
3 communication skills [expl
[explain
ain / give / write)
a a report b . an idea c a presentation
4 interpersonal skills [list
[listen
en / resolve / work)
work)
a a dispute b to a point of view c with ‘difficult’ people
5 leadership skills [chair / delegate / motivat
m otivate)
e)
a a meeting b a team c tasks
6 organisational skills [decide/ implement/ meet)
meet)
a deadlines
deadlin es b on priorities c a plan
7 teamworking skills [contribute / discuss / support)
a an issue b to a meeting c a colleague
8 negotiation skills [change / convince / negotiate)
a someone’s
someone’s mimind
nd b . . . . wit
with
h someone c someone to do something
i In pairs, think of some more specific actions

action s or tasks which
which demonstra
dem onstrate
te
transferable skills.
j Identify three of your transferable skills. Make notes about the things you
have done in the past that demonstrate these skills. Use the phrases in
Exercises 5h and 5i.
k In pairs,
pairs, take turns to
to tell each other short stories about the things
things yo
you
u
have done that demonstrate your transferable skills, using your notes from
Exercise 5j. Try to guess which transferable skills your partner’s stories
demonstrate.
I Think of three different jobs and list

list two transferab
trans ferable
le skills
skills tha t are
essential to each job.
Jo b 1 _____________ Job 2 _____________ Job 3 _____________
Skill 1 _____________ Skill 1 _____________ Skill 1 _____________
Skill 2 _____________ Skill 2 _____________ Skill 2 _____________
Researching the market

Finding a job
Once you know yourself, it’s time to start researching the market - finding out
more about the type of job you want and the companies and organisations that
have similar posts. Doing this will help you make a short list of the places where
you’d like to work.
6 3 In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1 Where would
would you
you start
start look
looking
ing for a job?
2 Which of these methods would you consider using?
• job agencies / headhunters
headhunte rs • tthe
he Internet
Interne t
• news
newspape
papers
rs and magazines
magazine s • cold calling / mailing
• networking
Unit
prepara tion 13

b ► 1.4 Listen to five people

peop le discussing job-hun
job-hunting.
ting. Which
W hich job-hunting
job-hunting method
in Exercise 6 a does each speaker recommend?
Speaker 1 _____________ Speaker 4 ______________
Speaker 2 _____________ Speaker 5 ______________
Speaker 3 _____________
C ^1.4
^1.4 Listen again and, in pairs,
pairs, discuss the following questions.
1 Do you
you agree
agree with
with the
the a
advice
dvice the speaker
speakers
s give?
2 Have you
you used these methods in the pa
past?
st? Would
Wo uld you try any of these
methods?
3 W ha t are the advantages
advantage s and disadvantages of each method?
4 Can you think of any other job-hunting
job-hunting methods?
meth ods?
Cold calling
Cold calling means phoning a company to enquire about job
opportunities which have not been advertised. The phone
conversation is used to generate interest in you as a potential
employee. The aim of the call is to get an invitation to send
your CV.

1 Have you ever tried cold-calling a company? Was it
successful?
2 W ha t advice would
would you give somebody
someb ody cold-c
cold-callin
alling
ga
company in your country?
b ► 1.5 Eryk and

a nd Patrick
Pat rick are looking for work in the hotel
industry in London. They both have experience working
in hotels in their own countries. They decide to cold-call
a number of hotels in London to try and find a suitable
job. Listen to the
t heir
ir calls and decide who has the more
successful cold calling technique.
C ^1
^1.5
.5 Complete the extracts from
from Ery k’
k’s
s call
call (1-5 ) using the sentences (a-e).
(a -e).
Listen again and check your answers.
a I have worked for a number of
o f big hotels in Poland.
b / would like to speok to Janet Robinson.
c What
Wh at background
background experience are you looking
looking for?
d Are you looking for someone with experience such as this?
this?
e Are you looking for employees with international experience?
1 Good morning
morning.. II’’m Eryk P a w la
lakk . Is she there?
2 I have considerable
considerable professional experience
experience iin
n the hotel indus
ind ustry.
try. ___
3 My mmother
other tongue
tongue isis Polish,
Polish, but I can also speak Spanish, having
ha ving worked
worked
for a big hotel in Spain. ___
4 To begin with I mainly worked managing a team of cleaners and porters.

However, my Spanish
Spa nish improved
im proved quickly
quick ly and I was moved to reception, where
I dealt with customers both face to face and on the phone. ___
5 ‘Do you
you have a deg ree?’
‘Yes, I have a degree in tourism
‘Yes tou rism . ’
14 Unit
prep aration

d Match the extracts (1-5) in Exercise 7c to the following cold calling

techniques (a-e).
a Give just enough
enough information about
abou t yourself to generate
gene rate intere
interest
st in yourself
as a potential employee. JL -
b Respond to questions with
with your own questions to find out more about the
company. ___
c Use positive questions that
tha t invite a ‘yes’ respon
response
se________
d Mentio
Mentionn one or two concise achievements,
achievemen ts, using
using facts and figures where
possible________
e Ask to speak to the decision maker by name ____
Job adver
adverti
tise
semen
ments
ts
A good job advertisement is designed to attract the most suitably qualified
applicants. It’s not just applicants that are competing with each other for jobs;
employers are also competing with each other to attract the best candidates for
their vacancies.

1 W ha t informat
information
ion would
would you
you expect to find in
in a well-
well-wri
writte
tten
n job adverti
advertisemen
sement?
t?
2 W ha t makes a good
good job advertisem
adve rtisement?
ent?
b Employers usually try to squeeze as much information into their job

advertisem ents as possible.
possible. However,
However, because advertising
ad vertising is expensive
expensive and
space limited, they tend to use abbreviations to describe roles in as few
words as possible. Write the full meanings of the following abbreviations
using the words in the box.
agency annum d ean
annum curre
rrent
nt curriculum
curriculum driving
driving
earnings experience licence
licence of on per per
point sale target vitae week
1 rrn i cuvve
cuv venV
nV c)e
)e<
<?\
?\n
n <stviv'm<^ li c e n c e 5 OTF
9 CV 6 PA
^ FXP 7 PW
4 AGY .......... 8 POS
C Which ab breviatio
brev iation
n would
would you expect to see in
in a job advertiseme
advertise ment:
nt:
1 if you
you need
need relevant
relevant profe
professi
ssiona
onall experi
experience
ence for
for the pos itio n? ___
2 if the salary mentione
mentionedd was for the whole y e a r ? ___
3 if a job agency
agency iis
s advertising the j o b ? ___
4 if the position
position requires
requires experience
experience of selling
selling produ
products
cts to
to cust om ers?
er s? ___
5 if the take-ho
take-home
me pay will be part basic salar
salary
y and part performance-related
pay? —
d Jo b advertise
adv ertiseme
ments
nts tend to use a lot of
o f
jargon,, like proactive team player. Look at the
jargon
Great graduate job opportunity
extract from a job advertisement. In pairs,
discuss what the terms in bold actually mean Are you a team player? Are you flexible,
flexible,
in specific, practical terms. Why are they dynamic & results-focused?
important skills in the workplace? Do you have good organisational skills?
Then we are looking for you ...
.....nmim, -----
Unit
prepa ration 15

Match the jargon in Exercise 8 d to the following questions. In pairs, take

turns to ask and answer the questions.
1 Do you have
have a personality that will
will fit in
in wit
with
h the rest of the team? Are you
willing to help with tasks outside your job role when required?
2 Are you someone who wants to work, is prepared to do wha whatt it takes to fulfil
fulfil
your job function and make money for the company? Will you be aware of how
your actions affect the company as a whole?
3 Are you innovative and creative
creat ive?? Are you
you the type of person who thinks
intelligently and can generate ideas to improve things?
4 Are you prepared to work to meet the demands of the business,
business, w
which
hich might
involve relocating to another office or working extra hours - even weekends?
5 Do you meet deadlines, work well well with
with others and
and get things done?
don e? Can
you produce reliable work under pressure and be trusted with multiple
responsibilities?
Read the two job advertisements and answer the following questions.
Underline
Underline the parts of the advertisements t hat support your answers
answers..
1 For which
which job is a universit
university
y de
degree
gree essential?
essential?
2 Which job places more emphasis on being flexible and adaptab
ada ptab le?
3 Which job offers a higher salary
sal ary ?
4 W ha
hatt should
should yo
you
u do
do if you wish to apply for the Media
Med ia Assistant
Assist ant position?
position ?
5 How will you know if Media
Me dia X is interested
in your application?
Media Assistant. Media
M edia X
Quote Ref: 007584 MX
An excellent opp ortun ity to w ork for a leadi
leading
ng
Trainee Finance Recruitment Consultant - international ed ucation group in a small but lively
lively media
E30-E35K OTE. Queen Careers depar t m ent .
Your
Your Profile
Profile:: Are you a graduate or of graduate calibre We are looking for a well-organised and motivated
with a track record of success? You will have a minimum graduate to become part of an international marketing/
of two years’ solid sales experience and the hunger to med ia team. The key objective
objective of this role is to sup po rt
succeed!
succe ed! For a trainee finance recruitment
recruitment consultant no the team in produ cing a range of print and online
two days are the same, and you must be a great multi m aterials for wo rldwide marketing and sales team s. Tasks
tasker with the ability to push yourself further and further
wi
will
ll include rep orting to th e m edia manager, managing
all the time. The right candidate will be target-driven,
fact file
files,
s, accu rate proof reading an d editi
editing,
ng, inputting
articulate, determined and overall 100%
100% focused
focus ed on a
con tent into ou r website CMS
CMS, coordinating and ga thering
career in recruitment.
The Role: The role of a trainee recruitment consultant inf
informat
ormation,
collatingion,
collating and wwriting
arehouse and stock m anagement and
newsletters.
is varied from day to day. One day you could be
We are looking for a gradu ate w it ith
h excellent
sourcing and screening candidates for your current
roles, and the next everything from cold-calling new com mu nication skill
skills,
s, acc ura te w ritten
ritten English,
English, good
clients to negotiating contracts. You will be working attentio n to detail and som e experienc e of working iin na
on the secretarial and support team liaising with high marketing environment.
flying candidates and well-established companies in the Proficiency in MS
MS Off
Office
ice an d ex cellent co mm and of
investment banking sector, so your presentation skills English
English language are essen tial; additional languages
should be second-to-none. would b e a plus.
plus.
The Company: Very well-established and situated in a Training will be provided for Adobe Creative Suite and
fantastic central London location, this is an opportunity Tridion, althoug h an y working knowledge of either
Tridion, either
to work for a market-leading worldwide specialist in software
soft ware package would be advantageous.
investment banking and financial recruitment consultancy. Qualification Level: Undergraduate degree essential.
Professional and consultative in approach, they offer Salary: c irca &28
&28K pro ra ta
second-to-none training from ground level upwards with
Email your CV and cover letter to colm@MediaX.com
colm@MediaX.com by
bonuses, incentives and fun along the way. May 23rd.
If this sounds like the career for you please email Please note that due to the large volume of respo nses
Elizabeth@Queencareers.com or
Elizabeth@Queencareers.com or call 0870 12341234.
expected, only successful candidates will be contacted.
Closing date: 15thMay
.... I f B ''
//■i.
16 Unit
prepa ration

g Read the job advertisem ents again

again and find
find expressions
expressions to match
match the
following definitions.
1 A La
Lati
tin
n te
term
rm mea
meani ng approximately used to talk about salaries. This term
ning
informs you that the salary is not fixed but may be around 10% higher or
lower depending on your relevant experience and qualifications ___________
2 A term used to inform you of the date by which the employer must
mus t have
received your application. Also sometimes called a deadline ___________
3 An abbreviatio n meaning thousand.

abbre viation __________
4 A term used ttoo inform

inform you
you that you must quote the reference number when
you apply for the position. This number should be clearly marked on your
envelope (if you apply by post) or the subject line of your email, as well as at
the top of your cover letter. __________
5 A Latin term
term meaning that your salary
sala ry is calculated according to what
proportion of a full-time job your hours make up. So, if the salary is quoted
at £18,000 based on a full-time week of 40 hours and you are working 30
hours per week, you will be paid an annual salary of £1 3,500 ___________
h In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1 Wha t are the
the main
main transferable
transferable ski
skills
lls req
requir
uired
ed fo
forr ea
each
ch job?
2 In which job would you
you expect to work under more pressure?
3 Which job would you prefer to do and why?
why ?
i Many
Man y job advertisem ents request familiarity
fam iliarity with
with certain
certain tools
tools,, skills
skills or
languages that are relevant to the job. In pairs, put the expressions in bold
in order of knowledge and experience required.
• Training will be provided

prov ided for Ado
Adobe
be
Proficiency in MS Office and excellent
Creative Suite and Tridion, although
command of English language are
plus working knowledge of either software
software
package would be advantageous.
j Write sentences about your own knowledge and experience using the
following expressions.
• I am pro
profic
ficien
ientt in ...
• I have an excellent command o f ...
• I have a good working knowledge o f ...
k Sort the phrases in the box into two groups.

ideally you will have
have ...
... ..
.... is essenti
essential
al ..
.... is neces
necessary
sary ...
... is pre
preferre
ferred
d ...
... is vit
vital
al
the success
successful
ful candidate
candidate will b e ............would
would be a plus ...
.. . w
would
ould be advantageous
.... would
.. would be desirable ..
.... would
would be welcome you must be... you wil
willl have ...
...
1 Skills
Skills whic
which
h candidates
candidates must
must have
have
... is essenH^) _________________ _________________
2 Skills which
which the employer hopes for (they may still
still consider the candi
candidate
date if
they don’t have all of them)
I Which of the phrases in Exercise

Exercise 8 k are used in the two job advertisements
on page 1 6 ?
Unit
Un it 1 Research a
and
nd preparation

ITT R
Read
ead the
th e following job advertis
ad vertisem
ement
ent.. Find words that
th at mean someone
som eone who
is
is::
1 good
good at findin
finding
g solut
solutions
ions to pro
problems
blems __________________
2 able to speak a language without

withou t any noticeable mistakes or effo
effort.
rt.
3 flexible and able to work on different projects at the same ttime

ime..
4 good with computers.

computer s.
5 good at maths and dealing with numbers.
numbers.
-///'/
'/ ■
/'/
J u n i o r C o n s u lltt an
an t
futerra
sustainability
com m un i cai ioii s
Organisation: FUTERRA
Sh ortlist
ortlist this job
Location: Central London L-J Email this job to
to a friend
C l Job c
con
ontac
tactt de
deta
tails
ils
Salary: £18,000-^20,000 Q View ali jobs from
from this
this em
employer
ployer
Are you a great

gre at co
comm
mm unica
un icator
tor?? Want to make
mak e a differenc
diff erence?
e? Talk to Futerra!
Futerra!
Futerra is a communications agency that specialises in the environment and social
change. We work with government, businesses and NGOs and have an exciting
opportunity for a new junior team member. You’ll need to be resourceful and have
fantastic
fanta stic research skills,
skills, comm on sense - and, of course, fluent English
English.. You must
be adaptable: there will be lots of desk-based research, but you may also find
yourself hitting the phones or helping at events. You’ll also have to be computer
literate and numerate. You’ll have a degree in a relevant discipline and a keen interest
in communications, and be able to demonstrate a commitment to sustainability,
whether through previous roles, internships or student activities. You’ll find us bright,
passionate, committed and all-round fun people.
' "?TI p p f "• : "! :;j: ":""::rppf

rppf : ' IIPPPM
IIPPPM P ffP P P IW f ^
n W ha t skills
skills and
and experience would
would you
you need to stand a good chance of
being interviewed for the position? Do you have the transferable skills and
experience required for the position at Futerra?
O Research the market

marke t and
and find
find a number of job advertisements
advertisem ents for
vacancies that match your criteria for work. Analyse the advertisements
and identify whether you have the transferable skills and experience
required for the position.
18 Unit
prepar ation

Structuring your CV
Avoiding common CV mistakes
Creating a strong first
impression
Identifying your key skills
Highlighting your work
experience
Detailing your education and

qualifications
Demonstra
Dem onstrating
ting your interests
Providing references
h<***'
You’ve researched yourself and identified your dream job.
You’ve researched the market and found a vacancy. So how do

you put together a CV that will guarantee you an interview?
1 a In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1 What doe
does s CV
CV st
stan
and
d for?
for?
2 W ha t is a CV commonly called in Ame
American
rican E
Englis
nglish?
h?
3 W ha t is the main purpose of a CV?
4 W ha t are the key qualities of a successful
successful CV?
5 How many sections are there in in a typical CV? Wh at
are they?
6 Wh at is the best way to
to structure the contents of
of your CV?
► 2.1 Listen to Silvia and her friend,

friend , S
Sophie,
ophie, discussing CVs
CVs.. In pairs, discuss

1 Wh at are th
the
e two
two most popular ways
ways of structur
structuring
ing a CV?
CV?
2 W ha t are the key differences between the two most popula
popularr ways of
structuring CVs?
3 Does any of Sop hie’
hie ’s advice surprise you?
you ?
^2.1 Listen again and complete the following CV structures.

Chronological CV Skills-based CV
\ Youv in large letters
lette rs 9 ________________ in large letters
2 details 10
3 ( ) 11 / Career profile
4 / Academic qualifications 12 Key
5 13 details
6 Activities and 14 / Professio
Professional
nal qualifications
q ualifications
7 Additional 15
8 16
Uniit 2 Wr
Un Writing an impressive CV 19

d Look at the two versions of her CV that Silvia prepared. Which approach
has she followed for each version? Which CV do you prefer?
e Complete the following CV using a past

pas t form
form of the verbs
ve rbs in the box.
box.
achieve com
complete
plete coordinate develop hold
hold
organise persuade
persuade represent research work
Silvia Carnali
Home address: 42 Hampstead Rd Date of Birth : 14 Feb ruary 1986
1986
London NW3 Na tio
tiona
nality
lity:: Italian
Telephone: 44 (0) 207 862 4567
Email: s carnali@hotrnail.com
Education
2008-present The School of Oriental and African
African Studies (SOA
(SOAS)
S)
• MSc
MSc (Hons) Develop ment Studies (2.(2.1
1 exp ecte d)
• 7000-w
7000-word
ord disse rtation on reforestation iin
n Kenya
2004-2007 Un
University
iversity College Lond on (UCL
(UCL))
• BA (Hon s) Geogra phy (2.1)
(2.1)
2004 Diploma Ma turita Scientifica (58/60) - Liceo A.Tosi,
A.Tosi, Milano
Professional Experience
2008 Projec t Volunteer: Sustainable Solutions (NGO),
(NGO), Kenya (6 months)
• i WovovV-
V-gA
gA as Df an interna tional team to incr eas e aw arene ss of susta inab ility in Kenya
• 2 c ommunication strategies to ensure that our message was delivered effectively
communication
__________
• Established, managed and maintained relationships with with key

key stake holde rs
• 3 l ocal commun ity leaders to increase th e level ooff reforestation in Kenya
local
__________
2006-2007 Com munic ations Office

Officer:
r: University College London (1 year)
• Organised and managed catering for more than 10 sep arate UCL UCL even ts for
for up to 300
300 stud ents
• Liaised
Liaised with stud ent council board members, catering suppliers, venues andand performers
• 4 University
Universit
_________ y College
College London
London at a series of event conferences
• 5 two-week event management training course
_________
2005 Activity Leader: Conc

Concord Collegee Su mm er School, Shropshire, UK (2 months)
ord Colleg
• Le
Ledd spo rts and drama activities
activities for 200
200 international studen ts
• 6 _________ weekend adve nture trip in Wal Wales,
es, incl
including
uding leading a walking
walking expedition for twenty stud ents
• 7 d aily meetings with other m embe rs of the acti
daily
__________ activity
vity team. Provided training and sup por t for
less experienced members of the team
Activitie
Activitiess and Interests
2007 Sept Mountain Trekking in South America (1 mon th)
• 8 a nd planned group m ountain ex pedition in the Andes, Argentina
and
__________ Argentina
• As sole Spanish speake r I acted as spoke spers on for the group. Reacting Reacting to unforeseen events required
frequent revision of plans, responding to group members, tour operator and airlines.
• 9 aims of crossing the remote central par t of the S outhern Patagonian ice cap in Los Glaci
_________ Glaciares
ares
Nation
Na tional
al Park
Park,, im pro ved
ve d Span
Sp anish
ish lan
langu
guage
age skills, st ay ed wit
within
hin budg
bu dget
et
2003-present Greenpeace Acti
Active
ve Member (5 years)
• 10 a campaign against nuclear power. Persuaded 1000 people to write to their local MP
__________
demanding the Government to reconsider renewable energy resources as a viable alternative to

nuclear power.
power.
Language s Italia
Italiann (mo ther tongue), English
English (fluent),
(fluent), Spanish (up per intermediate)
Co mp ute r Skills Fu
Full
ll com man d of Microsoft Off
Office
ice Suite
Drivin g Fu
Full
ll cu rren t driving licence
Refe rence s References availabl
availablee upon requ est
20 Unit 2 Wri
Writing an impressive CV

f Complete the following CV using the skills headings in the box.

Ada ptability
Adapta bility and resourcefulness Communication and teamwork
Energy and motiva
motivation
tion Resear
Research
ch and computer skills
Silvia Carnali 42 Hampstead Rd, London NW 3

Tel: 44 (0) 207 862 4567
Email: s_carnali@hotmail.com
Well-organised,
Well-organi sed, highly motivated comm unications strategy advis
adviser.
er. Geography
G eography graduate with recrecent
ent
professional experience developing comm unicati
unication
on strateg y for positive change. C urrently com
completing
pleting Mas
Master's
ter's
in Development Studies with specific focus on sustainability. Fluent spoken and written English. Self-motivated,
Self-motivated,
resource ful and able to mo
motivate
tivate others, with e
exce
xcellent
llent communicati
commun icationon and interpersona
interpersonall skil
skills.
ls.
Education
2008
2008 - 2009 The School of Oriental and African Studies, U
University
niversity o off Lo
London,
ndon, MS c (Hons) Developmen
Developmentt
Studies (2.1 expected)
2004
2004 - 200
2007
7 University Coll
College
ege Lo
London,
ndon, BA (Hons) Geography (2.1(2.1))
1 ______________
• Africa
African
n NG
NGOO ‘Sustainable Solutions': Si
Six-m
x-mont
onthh volunteer pr
project
oject to educate Kenyan people abou
aboutt th
thee
importance of reforestation.
reforestation. My rol
role
e was to assist the project team in devising an
and
d implementing strategies
to communicate this message to local residents in different regions in Kenya. To do this effectively, I had to
remain calm, polite and persuasive wh en talking to com
commu
munity
nity leaders. (200
(2008)
8)
• As com
communications
munications officer at UCL I represented the university at confe
conferences
rences and organi
organised
sed student un
union
ion
events. As part of the student union team I was responsible for dealing with suppliers, bands, etc. and I also
worked in collaboration with the marketing team advertising and ticketing events. I assisted in organising and
managing 12 successful events, all of which made a profit. (2006-2007)
2 _______________
• In Se
Sept
pt 2007 I succe
su ccessfu
ssfu lly complete
completedd an eight-person
eight-person expedition to Austral And
Andes
es in Argentina, in the south
west of Santa Cruz on the border with Chile. Three months of training and fundraising preparation resulted in
the successful crossing of the remote central part of the Southern Patagonian ice cap in Los Glaciares National
Park. As the sole Spanish speaker I acted as spokesperson for our group, organising bookings and negotiating
the expedition itinerary. (2007)
• I organised and led sports and drama activities for 200
200 international stud
students
ents at a sum mer scho
school
ol in
Shrewsbury. My role included motivating and supporting the less experienced members of the activities team.
I devised a number of sporting tournaments for the summer school students and motivated the children and
staff to get fully involved, culminating in an international volleyball competition. (2005)
3 i____
• I work
worked
ed with a large internati
international
onal team in Kenya. The nature of the project meant
me ant that I had to travel regularly
throughout the country at short notice, and share basic living conditions. (2008)
• I handled a wid
widee variet
varietyy of tasks and projects throughout the six-mont
six-month
h project, each requiring different skills
skills
and approaches in order for targets to be achieved and obstacles to be overcome. I suggested an alternative
communication strategy of meeting with local community leaders to discuss sustainability. I convinced
community leaders to implement alternative farming methods. The successful approach was adopted by the
entire team across the country. (2008)
4 _______________
• I resea
researched
rched top internatio
international
nal universities for my degree cours
course.
e. I am currently completing in-
in-dep
depth
th research
on reforestation techniques for the African subcontinent for my Master’s degree dissertation. Research for my
dissertation includes substantial use of the Internet and professional journals, and interviewing experts in the
field.
field. I have a
an
n excellent command of Microsoft Office Suite.
• I updated and modified
and modified the website for Sustainable Solutions,
Sustainable Solutions, resulting in a 40% increase in website traffic. (2008)
Employment History
Sustainable Solutions (NGO) 200
2008
8 Project Volunt
Volunteer,
eer, based Kenya
Concord College summ er school 200
2005
5 Activity Lead
Leader,
er, based Shropshire, UK
Languages
Italian, English, Spanish
References available upon request
Un
Unit
it 2 Writing
W riting an impressive CV 21

g In pairs, discuss the following

1 Why are skills-
skills-bas
based
ed C
CVs
Vs particularly popular with
with career changers and
recent graduates?
2 Which approac
ap proachh is more common iin n the country y
you
ou are applying for work
in?
Avoiding common CV mistakes

2 a In pairs, think of five mistakes that people commonly make when writing
a CV.
b ^2.2 A German student, Alex Mencken, has recently decided to apply for
two administrative assistant jobs at London theatres. He is in the process
of writing his CV. Listen to Alex discussing common mistakes people make
with CVs with his friend Ella, an HR officer, and answer the following
questions.
1 How m
many
any of your ideas inin Exerci
Exercise
se 2a doe
does
s Ella mention?
2 Does Ella talk about
abo ut anything that you hadn’
hadn ’t thought of?
C ^ 2.2 Listen again and answer

answe r the following questions.
1 Accordi
According
ng to Ella,
Ella, what words
words are commonl
commonly
y misspelt
misspelt in
in CVs?
CVs?
2 Why
Wh y does she
she believe short, concise CVs are preferabl
prefer able?
e?
3 Wh y shouldn
shou ldn’’t you lie in a CV?
4 According to Ella, should
should you
you use the same CV for all your appl
applicati
ications
ons??
practice
d Ella mentions the importance of

o f correct spellin
spelling.
g. Look at the following
following p r a c t i c e noun |C| ©See at practise <-.in, practise wohk.
action 1 ."pra-k.t
."pra-k.tis:
is: nuun [UJ action rati
th a n th o u g h t o r id e a s: It seemed like a good idea bet bet
extracts from CVs. Identify and correct the spelling mistakes (the number we started, but In practice, it uxl s a disaster, o Officio
Robert's in charge. but in practice Hannah runs
Officio
runs
office.
ce. 1 cun'l se see
e how yvttr plan is going to work work
of mistakes is given in brackets). Use a dictionary to help you. practice, c How. do you intend to pur these proposals ii
practice. Mohamad?
IreglLar activit
activity!y! "pnek.iiv' noun |C or
so m e th in g th a t is u su a lly o r re g u la rly d o n e , o fte n a
1 In m
myy pre
prevou
vous
s job I was respons
responsabl
able
e ffor
or dealli
dealling
ng with
with my
my bos
bosses
ses’’ h a b it, tra d itio n o r c u sto m : What can Europt
companies
companie s learn from Japanese business
Europt
business practices? c.
common practice, in the Stat.es to tip the hairdresi hairdresi
correspondance, passing on their telephone massages, and o This ts a cruel practice which should be ham
immediately. •> What is standard practice (= What
ham
u su a lly d o n e ) in a situation like this? o Newspa. Newspa.

arrangeing apointments with visitors. (7) editors have agreed u new code o f practice on (he in
ttlon
ttlon o f privacy.
in
* make a practice of sth rtt ot.n w . w w w / i t o d o s o om

meth
regularly: /VI do your washing for you this time, hut
'/// w w/v,w. "'A
not going to make a practice oj it.
practise uk , vs practice "pni-k.iis/ verb [TJ to do soi
tilin g re g u la rly , o fte n a c c o rd in g to a c u sto m , re lig io n
Apart form the academic beneffits, the experiance off studing se t o f ru le s, o r a s a h a b it. The new government i i
promised at! cit cit hens the. right, to practise th eir relief relief
o Pract ising safe sex iis s an important way of avoid avoid
abraod enabled me to practice my foriegn language skills and Hi V injectio on.
n. The company denies denies that it hasp racti
racti
discrimination against any o f its emplo oyees.
yees.
• practise what you preach ro do the Things that 5
develope my strenghts in non-academic areas. (10) advise oth er people to do: He’s such a hypocrite! He ne ne
practises what he preaches.
practising UK. os practicing "prcck.ti.sio/ <*4/ Ibefore nt
''/A
/A 'A “A W "///“ft a c tiv e ly in v o lv e d u i u re lig io n : a practising Mush Mush
.Jew/Christian
Iikain pk . r;s •"pr.-ek.tiv verb |i a
During my time as an assistent in the personal department, my to d o o r p la y so m e th in g re g u la rly o r re p e a te d ly in o n
to become skilled at it. I ’m quitegood ut tennis but i n
to practise my serve, serve, a She practises the violin every a a
main acheivement was when I lead a project witch focused on 0 f i v im;} His w ritten F rench is very good but he need:
practise speaking it.
/ ‘prack.tisv noun lc or uJ uJ when you do soi
improveing startegic buisness planing. (9) tilin g re g u la rly o r re p e a te d ly to im p ro v e y o u r sk ill
doing ir: J need
need to pet. som some e more practice befor beforee I take
driving test, c Are you co ming to crtcket practice, t
mw & v/m.m w 'M W/yy//'//. .wnirA' athome
at home because,^he spends a lL
•!,. 1 S.. .ITr-C M
' y/ */ y/ yy/"//w: " * :: ■im
■ •
"
e Which of these mistakes dodo you

you regularly make? Are there any other
othe r words
that you often spell incorrectly?
22 Unit
Un it 2 W
Writing
riting an impressive CV

Creating a strong first impression

Writing a personal statement
A personal statement is a brief statement of the type of person you are, your
skills and your achievements. It always comes near the top of the CV, before
the main body, and presents the facts in the most positive way. A well-written
personal
person al statement
state ment will
will immediately capture the attention of the employer and
make them want to find out more about you.
3 3 Read Silvia’s personal statement from her skills-based CV and find words
and phrases
ph rases which
which demon
de monstrate
strate the following points.
points.
1 educatio
educationn 3 knowle
knowledge
dge 5 succes
success
s
2 characte
char acterr 4 experience
m ** ?f*. > • ' i is... 5’•••
. *!’ •••
• ••; “• &5" 3 ’ £ %&'9 x-'y R 'i & 2'is it ■
*£2
. ' • • - •|
Well-organis
Well-org anised,
ed, highly motivated comm unications
unications strateg
strategyy advis
adviser.
er. Geography graduate w ith recen
recentt
professional experience developing comm unicati
unication
on strategy for positive change. Cu
Currentl
rrently
y completing Ma
Master's
ster's
in De
Develop
velop m ent Stud
Studies
ies with sp
specific
ecific focus on sustainability. Fluent spoken and written English. Self-motivat
Self-motivated,
ed,
resourceful and able to motivate others
others,, with excellent
e xcellent comm unicat
unication
ion and interpersonal skill
skills.
s.
Each sentence in Silvia’s personal statement has a different main function.

Write the sentences next to the questions that they answer (a-e).
a W h a t so
sort
rt of per
person
son am I? v-
v-es
esou
ouv-
v-ce£u1 exvA
ce£ fo _____
y*\oH
y*\oHv<
v<?d
?d-e
-e o f k e y s, w lf
lfUU e * c e l) e v \ f iH fey pe ys on g’O sk ill s.
b Wh at is my area of professiona
professionall ex pe rti se ? _________________________________
c Wh at iis
s my most
most importa
important
nt qu alifica tion ? __________________________________
d W ha t is my most relevant skill

skill for the jo b?
e W ha t am I doing at the moment?

mom ent?
C Complete
Comp lete the following personal
person al statement
statem ents
s using
using the phrases in the box.
box.
confidently
confide ntly and effe
effectiv
ctively
ely experience in
full-time professional prove
proven
n ab
ability
ility well-orga
well-organised
nised
1 P rro
o ffe
esss
s io na
na ll,, individual. Communicates _________________
__________________
at all levels; demonstrates initiative and confidentiality both independently

and within a team environment.
2 Enthusiastic
Enthusi astic PA with three years’
yea rs’ experience. Excellent
_________________
written and oral communication skills have enabled me to establish a strong

network of professional contacts in your area to meet
___________________
deadlines and prioritise whilst maintaining consistently high standards.

Substantial organising meetings and conferences gained
__________________
whilst providing PA and secretarial service to main board director.

1 How do these
these statements
statements compare
compare with
with Silvia’s?
Silvia’s?
2 Which of the questions in Exercise 3b does each
each statement
statemen t answ er?
Un
Unit
it 2 Writing
W riting an impressive CV 23

O ur client is llooking
ooking f o r som
someon
eonee who
The personal statements in Exercise 3c were taken can fi ll the shoe
shoess o f a busy PA for 9 to 12
from CVs written in response to the following job months.
advertisement. Read the advertisement and decide In addition to the usual diary management,
organising
organ ising of travel
travel and coordinating o
off
which personal statement you think is more appropriate. interviews and meeting rooms, you will
be expected to facilitate new starters in
Find an advertisement for a job you would like to apply the department,
department, issue contracts, write
write up
for. Make a list of the key points that the employer is commission schemes and job descriptions
looking
looking for
for.. Plan your personal statem ent with those ke
key
y and coordinate the company's subscription
points in mind. Think about the following questions. library.
The ideal candidate will be highly
• How long will your personal statement be?
How many sentences do you want to include? organised and able
written English mus
must to multitask.
t be Your
of the highest
What key questions will you address with each sentence? standard, and as you will be liaising with
What additional information will you include? executives at all levels, you must have
In what order will you put your sentences? excellent interpersonal skills. Previous
experience essential.
You can create impressive sentences for your personal
statement by choosing a word or phrase from each column
in the following table. For example, Highly experienced accounts manager
skills. Complete the table using the words in
with ex cellent comm unication skills.
the box. In pairs, try and add more words and phrases to each column.
ability
ab ility to broa
broad
d consi
consistently
stently high enthusiastic
interest
intere st in motivato
motivatorr professional team leader
Modifier Adjective 1 Sort of person Adjective 2 Experience/skills

creative accounts manager
customer-oriented English speaker communication skills
deep experience in ...
Extremely
experienced recent graduate with excellent
Highly
sales professional extensive knowledge of ...
resourceful self-starter proven range of transferable skills
results-focused recent skills in ...
h Use the table to write five true sentences about you

you..
i Use your answers in Exercises 3f and 3h to write your personal statement.
Writing eye-catching headings

4 a Imagine you only had 20 seconds to look at Silvia’s CV on page 21. What
would you look at? What would your impression of Silvia be?
b In her skills-based CV, Silvia used personal strengths and competencies as

section headings. Look at the following section headings and try to add
more to each group.
Areas of professional Business skills Personal strengths and

experience competencies
Marketing Dealing wit
withh customers Innovation and creativity
Presentations and publications Financial manage
management
ment Leadership
Sales
Sale s Managing people Strategic thinking

1 Which titles would
would yyou
ou us
use
e for your skill
skills-
s-bas
based
ed CV?
2 Would you use the same categories
catego ries for every job you apply for?
3 Would you use
use the requirements
requirement s stated in each job advert
adve rt as titles?
titl es?
24 Uni
Unit 2 Wr

Identifying your key skills

Key skills may form the body of your CV (in a skills-based CV] or they may be
demonstrated throughout (in a conventional chronological CV).
5 a Look at the following list of transferable skills. In pairs, discuss how you could
demonstrate these skills in your CV. Use examples from your work experience,
your studies and your hobbies and interests.
• Communicati
Commu nication
on skills (written and oral)
• Foreign language
langua ge skills
• Intell
Intellectual
ectual skills (e.g.
(e.g. critical, analytical
analyt ical and problem-solving skills)
skills)
Interpersonal skills (e.g. working with or motivating others, flexibility)
IT skills
Numeracy skills (e.g. statistical skills, data handling]
Organisational skills (e.g. working independently, meeting deadlines)
Research skills
b The following sentences are taken from Silvia’s skills-based CV. Cross out the
transferable skill which is not demonstrated in each sentence.
1
My role was to assist the project team in devising and implementing strategies to
communicate this message to local residents in different regions in Kenya.
(communication
(communi cation / teamwork
team work / creativ
cre ativity
ity / orga
organis
nisat
ation)
ion)
2
In Sept 2C07 I successfully completed an eight-person expedition to Austral Andes in Argentina.
(motivation / teamwork / achievement / creativity)
^ As the sole Spanish speaker I acted as spokesperso

spoke sperson
n for our grou
group,
p, organising bookings and
negotiating the expedition itinerary.
(interper
(inte rpersona
sonall skills / communicatio
commun ication
n / analysis
analys is / negotiation)
negotiatio n)
4
I organised and led sports and drama activities for 200 international students at a summer
school in Shrewsbury.
(organisatio
(organ isation
n / leadership
leade rship / motivation
motiv ation / writing)
5 The nature of the project mea
meantnt that I had to travel regularly throughout the country at short
notice, and share basic living conditions.
(flexibility
(flexibi lity / teamwork
team work / research / interpers
inter personal
onal skills)
skills)
I am currently completing in-depth research on reforestation techniques for the African

subcontinent for my Master's degree dissertation.
(independ
(inde pendence
ence / analysis
analy sis / research / teamwork)
teamw ork)
C In pairs, tell each other

othe r which
which of the transfer
tran sferab
able
le skills in
in Exercise 5a you
have developed at university or at work. Provide examples that demonstrate
the development of these skills.
d Complete the following sentences so they are true for you.
1 M y rro
ole was t o -----------------------------------------------
-
------
2 As th e ______________________ I acted as
5 The nature
natur e of meant that I had to
4 Within
Wit hin this role I was respo
responsibl
nsiblee for
5 To do this effectively,
effecti vely, I had t o
_______
Unit 2 Writing
Wr iting an impressive C
CV
V 25

e Look at the following

following extracts
extra cts from Silvia’s
Silv ia’s skills-based
skills-based CV
CV. W h at kinds of
word are missing?
1 I assiste
assisted
d in orga
organis
nising
ing and managing
managing 12 events
events ...
2 In Se
Sept
pt 2007 I completed
comple ted an eight-pers
eight-person
on expedition to Austral Andes
in Argentina ...
3 Three months of training and fundraising preparation
preparat ion resulted in
in t h e _______
crossing of the remote central part of the Southern Patagonian ice cap ...
4 I devised a number of sporting tournaments
tourname nts for the summer school students
and motivated
motivate d the children and staff to g e t involved, culminating in an
volleyball competition.
5 I handled a variety
vari ety of tasks and projects throughout
throughou t the sixsix-m -mont
onthh
project...
6 The approach was adopted by th e team across the cou countr
ntry.
y.
7 I res ear che d _______ international universities for my degree courses.
8 I am currently
curre ntly comp
co mp let
leting
ing research on reforestation techniqu
techniques es ...
9 Research for my dissertation includincl udes
es use
use of the In te rn et ...
...
10 I have a n command of Microsoft
Micro soft Office Suite.
f Complete the sentences in Exercise 5e using the words in the box.

entire excellent fully in-depth international
substantial
substa ntial successful (x3) successfully top wide
9
Choose five of the key skills in Exercise 5a. For each skill, write one or two
sentences to highlight that skill, using examples from your work, studies and
private life. Remember to mention your role, using sentences from Exercise
5d, and add positive adjectives and adverbs to make your sentences more
impressive.
Highlighting your work

experience
This is the section in the CV where you
highlight your professional achievements
which are directly relevant to the position
you are applying for. As well as highlighting
periods of full- and part-time employment,
the work experience section may also include
professional training, voluntary work, and any
extended periods in which your life focused on
a particular activity (e.g. travelling abroad).
6 a Think about a job or position of

responsibility you have held. In pairs, tell
each other about the position.
* irm .
• Wh at were your duties?
• Wh at did you do?
• How did you do it?
• W ha
hatt were the positive results of the
action you took?
26 Unit
Un it 2 W
Writing
riting an impressive CV

b Match the CV approaches (1- 2) to the effect (a-b) they will have on the
section of a CV.
layout of the work experience section
1 chro
chrono nolo
logi
gica
call CV
2 skills-based
skill s-based CV
a With this approach your relevant achievements are are listed
listed separately under
skills headings at the top of your CV. The names, dates and locations of your
work experience are listed towards the bottom of your CV.
b With this approach your work experience
exper ience is listed in chronological order,
order,
starting with your most recent job. Your main achievements and skills are tied
to a specified job, at a specified time, in a specified place.

C Wh
When
en you
you give information
informatio n about past work experien
experience
ce and
and achievements
achievem ents in
in a
CV, use verbs in the past simple without a personal pronoun: Chaired weekly
meetings (not I chaired weekly team meetings). Look at the following table of
action verbs commonly associated with professional experience. Select five
verbs and write sentences suitable for your CV that are true for you.
achieved compiled edited improved operated researched

anticipated consulted established increased organised resolved
approved convinced evaluated interpreted persuaded scheduled
arranged coordinated examined investigated planned supervised
budgeted created facilitated le
led
d presented taught
calculated delegated formulated listened recommended trained
chaired demonstrated identified motivated repaired translated
clarified designed implemented negotiated represented wrote
collaborated developed
d In pairs, tell each other about your profes

professiona
sionall experience using the verbs iin
n
Exercise 6 c.
e Look at Silv ia’s chronological CV on page 20. Which verbs in Exercise 6 c did
she use? Which other verbs did she use?
f Rewrite the following sentences using the verbs in brackets. Leave out any
information that
tha t is implied by the verb itself or is simply irrelevant.
1 There were five
five employees in
in my team. I was their boss
boss and it was my job to
keep an eye on them and help them when they needed my support, (managed)
<*.
<*. ______
______
____
____
____
____
______
______
____
____
______
______
____
__
fe<7u*\ o-P -fiv

-fivee em pl
ploy
oyee
ees.
s.
2 I enrolled on and successfully
successfully finished a financial
financial managem
ma nagement
ent course in order
orde r
to improve my knowledge in this area, (completed)
3 When
Wh en I arrived
arri ved,, the company
comp any website
web site was only in Polish. As well as Polish, my
mother tongue, I also speak English, German and French, and so 1decided to
write the website information in English, German and French, (translated)
4 The company’s databa

dat abase
se system had
had a problem, which I found.
found. Afterwards
Afterwa rds I
talked to my boss about a different way of doing things, which would solve the
problem, (identified/recommended)
5 While
Wh ile I was working at the hotel
hotel I n
noticed
oticed that there were some ways in which
the customer feedback system wasn’t working effectively. Therefore I developed
a new system and put this in place. A result of this was that customer
satisfaction levels increased by 20%. (designed/implemented)
Uniit 2 Wr

Rew rite the following

Rewrite following sentences using the verbs in Exercise
Exercise 6 c so that they
are more concise and impressive.
1 I made recommendations regarding
regarding the
the most
most effec
effective
tive a
allocation
llocation of resources
resources..
lAevyH-fieA vaosF e-P-PecHve <gv))oo*HoK o-P vesouv-ces. ______________________
2 I was the front-office

front-office staff represe
rep resenta
ntative
tive on the implementat
implem entation
ion team for
our new ICT strategy.
3 I was responsible for coming up

up with the training plan.
4 I looked after the budget

budge t for running
running the offic
office.
e.
5 I looked for new suppli

sup pliers
ers________________________________
6 I gave a presentation of our client feedback

feedb ack questionnaire.
7 I looked into ways to reduce

reduc e waste
was te __________________________________________
8 I was in charge
charg e of the design team
te am __________________________________________
► 2.3Listen to a discussion between

betwee n Klaudia,
Klau dia, who is looking for her
he r second
serious job, and Tom, who has just proofread her CV, and answer the following
questions.
1 Wh at are Klaudia’s
Klaudia’s responsi
responsibili
bilities
ties as a secretary?
2 W ha t skills does To
Tom
m relate to these responsibilit
respon sibilities?
ies?
3 Wh at other jobs has Klaudia done?

done ?
4 W ha t skills
skills does To
Tom
m relate to these job s?
Write the work experience section of Klaudia’s CV. Then compare your answer
with the suggestion in the answer key.
Think of a job you would like to apply for andwrite

and write the work experience
section of your CV.
CV. Use words
wo rds and phrases
ph rases from
from this section to help you.
Demonstrate only the skills and experience required for the position.
Detailing your education and qualifications

If your education and qualifications are your strongest selling point, then you’ll
want to put this information close to the top of your CV. This is especially true if
you are a recent graduate, obtained excellent academic results or have gained a
professional qualification which is a prerequisite for the job you’re applying for.

1 Where should
should you
you put the
the educat
education
ion sectio
section
n of your CV?
2 W ha
hatt qualifications
qualification s should you include?
includ e?
Read the article about how to write about your education in your CV and
answer the following questions.
1 Why should
should recent graduates put the education sectio
section
n near the
the top
top of
of
their CV?
2 Wh at term does the author use to mean jus
auth or use justt the
the main
main pieces of info
informat
rmatio
ion,
n,
nothing more?
3 Under
Unde r what two circumstances would you you include your A-lev
A-level
el results inin a CV?
4 W ha t qualifications
qualificatio ns should you
you mention first?
firs t?
5 W ha t should you do if you’re searching for employment
emplo yment in the IT field?
fiel d?
Unit 2 Wr
Writing
iting an impressive CV

? Should yo ur educa tion be proudly obviously more indicative of your qualifications or other postgraduate
at the top of the CV or among the value. training, the section should be
optional sections at the end? It all An other thing to bear in mind is that
that organised in reverse chronological
depends on who you are and what higher qualifications imply lower order, like your work experience
jo b yo u ar e trtry
y in g to ge t. I f y o u ha ve ones. If you have only got GCSEs, section.
ju st lef t sc ho ol , co
colle
llege
ge o r un iver
iv er sity
si ty,, fin
fine.
e. If, however, you have a bac helo r’s
r’s Finally,
Finally, the educ ation section can be
your education experience is going
to be more immediately relevant degree,
your it is unnecessary
GCSEs, or even yourtoA-levels,
mention the place to skills
place
computer men tionthat
the all-important
continue to
and should therefore be prominently unless they are spectacularly good. dominate working life. Different jobs
displayed early on. Your potential A recruiter will simply assume they and professions will require you to
employer may be keen to hire were taken at the usual time and have an understanding of different
recent graduates and will wish to is unlikely to be interested in how computer packages, and if you have
see exactly what your educational many there were and what grades good working knowledge of these it
attainments are. This means you they were. The same applies to a is worth mentioning that you know
can gigive
ve plenty of detail of curricula, Master’s degree or PhD. The higher they exist, or have been trained to
theses and grades. However, if you qualification makes the mention of use them. If you are applying for a
have been in the world of work for any lower ones redundant. job
jo b m o re cl
clos
osely
ely re la te d to IT , yo u r
20 years, your education is of little technical proficiencies should have a
If you feel
feel you need to me ntion more
interest to an employer and should
in the way of academic attainment, relevant section section of their own (entitled
(entitled
go in skeletal form near the bottom for example as a recent graduate ‘computer efficiency’ or ‘computer
of the CV. W hat y ou have achieved or as someone with professional skills’ or ‘technical expertise’) much
since leaving full-time education is higher up the priority list. list.
- .. X ; i V . . " • ■' •: y .,
* Ik *& If i>: ’:ra* I f f :. ■, %
4 - V. « '* *» ~ % *
••• <
■\ ^ _■ * y - ■« y;
mmirnmmwrn
C W ha
hatt five
five types of qualification
qualification are mentioned in the text? P ut them
them in order
from highest to lowest.
1 __________ 2 __________ 3 __________ 4 5 _____
d In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1 W hat are the equivalent qualifications
qualifications from
from Exercise 7
7c
c in
in your ow
ownn country?
2 Would the adv
advice
ice in the text be relevant if you were applying for a job in your
own country?
3 At the moment inin the UK
U K most university students study for
for three years
year s (fou
(fourr
years in Scotland) to gain a bachelor’s degree. Some students then decide to
continue at university for one or two years to do postgraduate studies and
gain a Master’s degree. How does the higher education system in your country
compare to this system?
e In pairs, tell each other about your qualifications.

qualificatio ns. Compare them to the
qualifications in Exercise 7c using the phrases in the box.
something like which is equivalen

equ ivalentt to
I have
ha ve a Physics
Ph ysics degree from
from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitdt
Ludwig-M aximilians-Universitdt in Munich, which
which is
is
equivalent to a BSc in Physics in the UK.
I have a licentiate degree from
from teacher
teach er training
training college.
college. It
I t was a three-year
three-year
course
cou rse,, so something like a BEd
B Ed in the
the UK. I got my M aste
as ter’r’s
s a few years ago.
ago.
Uniit 2 Wri

Look at the extract from the education section of a CV. In pairs, discuss the
1 Why has
has the writer give
given
n addition
additional
al inform
informati
ation
on about their qualifi
qualificati
cations
ons
(in brackets)?
2 Will you need
need to explain any
any of your qualifications? How?
Ho w?
3 W ha t other details has
has the writer include
included
d in this section?
4 W ha t else could you inclu
include
de in
in the education section of your CV?
University of Ulster
• BS c Hons (2.1)
(2.1) European Regional Devel
De velopm
opment
ent (human geography a
and
nd m
macro
acro econom
economics)
ics)
• 3-
3-mo
month
nth work placement:
placem ent: Econo
Ec onomic
mic Researcher,
Resear cher, Northern Ire
Ireland
land Civil
Civil Servic
Service,
e, Bel
Belfast
fast
• Exchange
Exchan ge year: Diploma in Area Stud
Studies,
ies, University
Unive rsity of Zaragoza,
Zaragoza, Spain (economic
(eco nomic geography
and Spanish)
• Dissertation:
Dissertati on: The role of EU funds
fund s on region
regional
al develop
deve lopment
ment in Aragon, Spain
g Think of a job you would like

like to
to apply for and write the education
ed ucation section
of your
you r CV
CV. U
Use
se examples from this
th is unit to help
h elp you.
h Look at Silvia’s skills-based CV on page 21. Apart from the list of dates
and places she has studied, identify five sentences which mention her
education and qualifications.
i Rewrite
Rew rite some
some or all of her sentences so they are true for you.
you.
Demonstrating your interests

The things you like doing in your free time say a lot about you as a
person, and your personality is relevant to every job application.

1 If you have
have produced a CV
CV befo
before,
re, what di
did
d you
you put in
in the
personal interests section?
2 Why do employers want tto o know
know about
abo ut y
your
our interests?
b ^2.4 Listen to two recruitment experts, Grace and Oliver,

discussing
discussing personal interests
in terests and answ er the following questions.
questions.
1 Wh at does tthe
he V in
in C
CV
V stan
stand
d for? Wh y is this
this relevant
relevant to
to yo
your
ur
interests?
2 Wh at did Oliver
Olive r think was wrong with putting ‘captain of the
football team’?
3 Why
Wh y is it a good idea to list a broad spectrum of interest
inte rests?
s?
4 Wh at personal interes
interests
ts does Grace usually put in
in her CV?
5 Wh at new achievement is Grace hoping
hoping to add ?
30 Unit 2 Wr

Match the skills and personal characteristics in the box to the

interests (1-5).
ana lytical skills
analytical crea
creativity
tivity determination intelligenc
intelligence
e
intercul
inte rcultural
tural awareness inte
in terpersonal
rpersonal skills language skills
leadership skills resourcefulness self-motivati
self-motivation
on
1 Team
Team sports (footbal
(football,
l, volleyball,
volleyball, etc.)
etc.)
I v \ f e y p e y s o n < ? 0 s k i l l s ____________________________________________________________________________
2 Individual competitive
competitiv e sports (cycli
(cycling,
ng, climbing, etc.)
etc.)
3 Travelling (backpackin
(backp acking,
g, expeditions,
expedi tions, etc.)
4 Mind
Min d sports/activ
sport s/activities
ities (chess,
(chess, sudoku, etc.)
5 Artistic
Artist ic interests (painting, photography, etc.)
etc.)
Add some more interests to the list and identify the

skills and personal characteristics they suggest. Think
about what your own interests say about you.
It can be more effective to present your interests in

terms of who you are, instead of what you like doing,
using adjectives and nouns to describe yourself. In pairs, try and
add more words and phrases to each column in the following table.
Adjectives Nouns
active former ballroom dancer rock guitarist
avid keen blogger sailor
committed proficient jewellery make
makerr ski
ski instructo
instructorr
dedicated qualified mountain climber stamp collector
experienced regular Portuguese speaker tennis champion
expert successful reader volunteer
Match the adjectives with the nouns in Exercise 8 e to make true phrases for
you.
avid reader regular blogger
blogger
Write the interests section of a CV for the following topics. Use adjective and
noun combinations, the phrases in the box and your own ideas.
Acti ve memb
Active memberer of Currently attend
attending
ing Excell
Excellent
ent working knowledge of
Particularly interested in Recently comple
completed
ted Responsibilities includ
included
ed
1 Read
Re ading
ing yegyAe
yegyAey.
y. Ec
Econ
onom
omis
ist-
t- subso
subsorip
ripHov
Hovy
y RgyHculgy
RgyH culgyly
ly ivyfeyesf
ivyfe yesfe^
e^ m
yegyAing yece
yecevri-
vri- <Aevelopmev
<Aevelopmev\fs
\fs m s c ie n c e fecUv\ol
fecUv\ol<?g
<?gv.
v. ____
____
___
2 Walking ________________________________________________________________
3 Photography
4 University Social Coordinator
h Write sentences about your own interests. Be as specific as possible and

highlight the skills you need to achieve the things you enjoy doing.
Unit 2 Wri
Writing an impressive CV 31

i In pairs, take turns to talk about your personal interests. Start with the
question, ‘So what do you like doing in your free time?’ Encourage your
partner to highlight the skills that their personal interests demonstrate.
j Think of a specific job you want to apply for and write the interests section
of your CV. Highlight the skills that are relevant for the job.
Providing references
References provide further evidence to potential future employers that you are
who you say you are, and that you have done what you claim to have done for
previous employers. It is highly likely that your referees will be contacted if you
are shortlisted, so it is essential to select them carefully.

1 Why are
are ref
refer
eren
ence
ces
s impor
importa tant
nt??
2 How many referees do you need, andwhoandwho should youchoose?
youchoose?
3 When
Whe n is
is a referee n
noo longer useful?
4 W ha t happens if you don’
don ’t get on with the
the most
mostobvio
obvious
us choices for your
referees?
5 Is it OK to use someone you know know well who works for the organisation
where you are applying for a job?
6 Do you have to give your current
curren t employe
emp loyer?
r?
7 How can youyou find out what
wha t a reference says about
abo ut you
you??
b Match the questions (1-7) in Exercise 9a to the following expert advice

(a-g). Do you agree with the advice?
a Usually two - an academic
acade mic one and either an an employer or a perso
personal/
nal/
character referee. They should be of professional standing so that they can
comment on your suitability for the job. Do not use a relative; a family friend
is OK. Always ask permission before using someone as a reference. Provide
them with a copy of your CV and an indication of the jobs you are applying
for. Let them know how you got on, and thank them afterwards. _L_
b Ye
Yes,
s, but they may feel uncomfortable, so be be sensitive.
sensitive. They are putting their
reputation on the line____
c Yo
Youu can’t easily - that’s
th at’s the point of a confidential reference.
reference. If you suspect a
poor reference is causing you problems, try changing your referee ____
d It is
is normal to ask for your current employer
emplo yer not to be contacted yet. Offer
another referee. Ask to be alerted before your employer is contacted ____
e When they don’t
don’t rememb er who you are or become uncontactable____
f Choose anothe
ano therr who will represent
repre sent you in the best lig ht . ___
g Referen
References
ces provide confidential information about
abo ut your character, skills
and experience. A positive recommendation will greatly support your
application____
C In pairs, discuss the following statements.

statem ents. Do you agree with them ?
1 It iis
s better to choose professiona
professionall or a
academic
cademic referees than pers
personal
onal
friends.
2 As long as your references

refere nces back up the facts on your
you r CV
CV,, then you don’t
need to worry.
3 Yo
You
u don’t need to provide the names and contact details of your referees in
your CV.
32 Un
Unit
it 2 Writing
W riting an impressive
impress ive CV
CV

d ► 2.5The opinions in Exercise 9c are expressed

exp ressed by the recruitm
re cruitment
ent
consultants, Grace and Oliver, in a discussion about providing references.
Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions.
1 Who expressed
expressed which
which opinio
opinionn (1 -3) ? Write O (Oliver),
(Oliver), G (G
(Grac
race)
e) or B (Both)
(Both)..
2 W hat
ha t reasons did they give
give in
in support of their opinions?
3 W hat
ha t phrase does Oliver use to say
say you
you can provide references if they are
needed?
e Think of a specific job you

you would like
like to apply for and, using the models
presented in this unit, write your CV. Remember to highlight only your skills
and experience that are relevant for a job.
f In pairs, evaluate each other’s CVs. Think about the following questions.
• Is the English natural and accurate
accu rate ?
• Does everything make sense? Do you get a good idea of your partne part ner’
r’ss life
life
by reading their CV?
• Is the language impressive and persuasive
persu asive?? If not,
not, how can you
you improve it?
• Is the layout attractive
attra ctive and logical?
logica l? If not, how
how can you improve it?
• Does your partner’s
partn er’s CV demonstrate
demo nstrate a wide range of transferable
transfe rable skills?
skill s? If
not, where could you add more proof?
• Does your partne
par tner’
r’s
s CV demonstrate
demo nstrate that
tha t your partner
partn er is suitable for the job
they want? If not, why not?
• Is the CV too long? If so, which words/sentences/sections would

would you delete
del ete
or edit?
When you are happy with the feedback you have received, rewrite your CV.
Repeat the process until your CV is perfect.
Unit
Un it 2 Writing
W riting an impressive CV
CV

UNIT 3
Identifying features of cover
letters
Beginning a cover letter
Writing the main body of the
letter
Writing an effective final
paragraph
Using appropriate language
Writing a cover letter
Objective
Identifying features of

Highlight
cover letters
d In pairs, discuss the following questions.
1 Wh at’s the diff
differe
erence
nce betwe
between
en a CV
CV and
and a
cover letter?
2 Have you ever written a cover letter
lette r in English?
Engli sh?
3 W ha t did you write in your cover lette
le tter?
r? . *
b Complete this int

introduction
roduction to
to cover letters using
using
the words in the box.
business complement cover lett
letter
er €V employer
interview introduction persuade position well-focused
C Find an alterna
alte rna tive expression for cover
letter in the text. W ha t iis
s a cover letter?
letter?
A (1) CV gives inform ation ab ou t the
d Vicky Tang
Tang is the Communications Ma nagena gerr edu cat i onal qual i f iicat cat i ons and pr of essi onal
at Green Pharmaceuticals. She wants to experience you have, whereas a (2 ) ---------------
change her job and phones her friend, Felix, expl ai ns why you w ant t he j ob. A cov er l et t er
a recruitment agent, for advice on writing s h o u ld
ld ( 3 ) ___________ no t dup licate, yo ur C
CVV. The
m ai n pur pose of a per sonal i sed cover l et t er i s
a cover letter. In pairs, discuss what advice
to (4 ) ___________ t he r e ad er t o r ead you r CCVV and
you would give Vicky on the following areas.
c o n s i d e r y o u f or
or th
th e v a c a n t ( 5 ) .
----------------
• the length and structure of the letter

A cov er l et t er i s of tten en yo ur ear l i est w r i tttt en
• the language
lang uage you would useuse c o n t a c t w i t h a p o t e n ttii a l ( 6 ) ---------------- , crea ting a
• the content
conten t of the letter critical firstfirst im pressio n. A well-writ well-written,ten,
(7 ) c o v e r l e tt t t e r d e m o n s t r a ttee s y o u r
e ^3
^3.1
.1 Listen to the beginning of the phone w r i tttt en co m m uni cat i on ski llll s and wi llll hel p you t o
call and answer the following questions. get t hat al l - i m por t ant ( 8) -----------------
1 How lon
long
g has
has Vicky
Vicky been
been working
working at Green
Green The l et t er of appl i cat i on sho ul d f ol llow
ow t he gen er al
Pharmaceuticals? guidelines for all all (9 ) letters. It sho uld
2 Why
Wh y is Vicky looking for a new jo
job?
b? hav e an (1 0 ) , a main body, and a fina finall
p a r a g ra p h .
34 Unit
Un it 3 Effec
E ffective
tive cover letters

f Read the statements below and predict whether Felix recommends them
(✓) or not (X). Listen to the rest of the conversation and check your answers.
1 Use high-
high-qu
quali
ality
ty paper that matches
matches ththe
e paper of your CVCV. ✓
2 Ensure that your cover letter is written using formal language.
language.
3 Use the same cover letter for every application.
4 Show that you
you have done some research
research into the company you you are applying to
to..
5 Emphasise
Emphasi se your suitability for the post.
post.
6 Enclose copies of your educational qualifications
qualif ications and certificates.
certificates.
g W ha t do you
you think
think is the most important advice that
tha t Felix
Felix give
gives
s Vicky?
h Look at the example of a good cover letter that Felix sent Vicky. Read the
letterr and answer the following
lette following questions
questions..
1 What is Jan e study
studying
ing at unive
universi
rsity?
ty?
2 Whe re did
did she work last
last summer?
3 W ha
hatt does she do in her free time?
tim e?
Ja n e Nuttall
Nuttall
71 Lambert Road
Brixton
London
b SW2 5XL5XL
jane.n uttall@k cl.ac.uk
cl.ac.uk
1 December 2 200
008
8
Ms Diana Allsopp
Recruitment
Recruitment M anager
McClure and Company
Russell Square
London WC1C 9SE
Dear Ms Allsopp,
I am a final-year student at King’s College London reading Economics, and
would like to apply for an Associate Consultant position with McClure and
Company, as advertised on www.monster.com . ------------------------
Management consultancy ap peals to me because it combines analytic

research across a wide range of business situations with frequent client
contact. I recently attended a McClure and Company workshop run by
► Charlotte Penton-Smith,
Penton-Smith, and she gave a very positive impression of the
company. I was particularly impressed by the excellent in-house
in-house trai
training
ning
programme which she described, and I would welcome the opportunity to
work in such a close
close-knit
-knit team of supportive co lleagues.
3 During
During my time at King’s Colleg e I have employ ed a variety of diff differen
erentt
§• ** res
resear
earch
ch metho
methodsds,, and a
am
m fam
famil
ilia
iarr w
wit
ith
h tthe
he anal
analyt
ytic
ical
al appli
applicat
cation
ionss of
of
spread sheets. For example, for my recent disserdissertation,
tation, I used Exc el to
compare the effects of tax increases on alcohol and tobacco consumption.
In addition,
addition, wh en I was working at the Williton branch of Costcutter over the
summer, I presented sugge stions for improving the layout of the store to the
regional management team. They decided to put these ideas into effect and
sales rose by 7% over the autumn quarter.
During my free time, I sing in and manage a jazz band, arranging concerts and
gigs and managing the band’s accounts. I very much enjoy collaborating with
a team of people with similar interests
interests and working towards shared g oals. I am
also learning Italian by attending weekly evening classes and studying on my
own towa rds the A-level
A-level exam next June .
I enclose a copy of my CV and hope very much to be invited for interview.
Yours sincerely,
Ja n e Nutta ll

Nu ttall
Ja n e Nutt
Nuttall
all
Unit 3 Effective cover letters 35

1 Match Felix’
Felix’s
s advice (1
(1 -12 ) to the parts of the cover
cover letter (a-l) in Exercise
Exercise 1h
1 Give your contact
contact infor
informat
mation
ion and
and curren
currentt date
date.. _£L
2 End ‘You
‘Yours
rs sincerely’
sincere ly’ and type your name under your signature (indicate Ms or
Mr if not obvious) ____
3 Give a clear context - say who

who you
you are and why you are writi
writing
ng ____
4 Your sign-off
sign-off should be friendly, polite
poli te and to the point
po int ____
5 Point out your aptitude for the sorts

sorts of skills
skills they are seeki
seeking
ng.. ___
6 Name any employee you you have met and say why they impressed you ____
7 Your u
use
se of leisure time can show you are a well-rounded persope rson n____
8 Suppo
Sup port
rt your claims with evide
evidence,
nce, focusing
focusing on results and achievements.
9 Include the name,
name, title and
and full
full addr
address
ess of
of recipient
recip ient ____
10 Mention where you saw the job advertisem ent ____
11 Expl
Explain
ain your motivat
motivation
ion for applying.
apply ing. This also shows you have done your
research and learned something about the sector ____
12 Show you
you are acquiring additional
addition al use
useful
ful skills ____
j Look at
a t JJa
a n e ’s cover lette
le tterr again. In which paragraph
paragr aph does she:
1 expl
explai
ain
n her
her intere
interest
st in the po sition ? ___
2 create a positive
positive final im
impr
press
ess ion ? ___
3 demonstrate her ski
skills
lls and experience relevant for the po sit ion?
io n? ___
4 introduce herself
herself and explain
explain her reasons for w riritin
tin g ? ___
5 mention
mention other relevant skills
skills and interests
interests to impress the em p lo ye r? ___
Beginning a cover letter

The first paragraph of your cover letter should detail the job you are applying for
and, if relevant, where you heard about the job (for example an advertisement, or
personall recommendation).
persona
2 3 Complete the following

following opening paragraphs
paragra phs using the words in
in the box.
box.
advertised application consideration enclosed enquire
graduate qualified recommended requirements response
1 I am a final-
final-yea
yearr student
student who is about to wi
with
th a bach
bachelor’s
elor’s degree in
Industrial Eng
Enginee
ineering
ring from Bristol University. I am writing t o about
abou t
possible employment opportunities with Mendoza. I am interested in a position related to
transportation management.
■
• • rt%‘% & f #w itfTT fl 'fi §
I am writing
writing i n --------------------- to your job posting for an investment banke r on your comp any ’s
website. I ha ve my CV for your consideration.
consideration.
! '%W'Z : :: ::: ~ m i § ■
■
--- --- -
3 I wa s recently speaking with M r Fox from your firm

firm and
and he ----------- that I
send you a copy of my CV. Knowing the for the position, he felt that
------------
I would be an ideal candidate, given my experience in international sales.
4 I would like
like to apply for the post of a Com me rcial Solicitor
Solicitor in your firm a s ___________ __
on L egalpositions.
egalpositions.com
com . As a recent gra dua te, I was particularly happy to see tthat
hat the
______________
p
poo si ti o n is o p e n to n e w ly lawyers
5 Pleas
Please
e accept this letter a s for the Marketing Manager position currently list*
_______________
on Monster.com.
Monster.com. My C CV
V is attac
attached
hed for y o u r _________________
36 Unit
Un it 3 E
Effec
ffective
tive cover letters

Match the opening paragraphs (1-5) in Exercise 2a to the type of cover

letter (a-c) they come from. Which type of letter do you think is most likely
to be successful?
a A reply to a job adve
advertisem
rtisement
ent
b A ‘cold’ speculative
speculati ve job application
c A letter following a personal recommendation
recommenda tion
Evaluate the following opening paragraphs. What do you think is good or

bad about them?
1
After attending the recruitment talk presented by Financial Investments, I am
extremely interested in the post of graduate trainee in the International Sales
Department. I have absolutely no doubt that my qualifications, skills and professional
experience will
will make me an indispensable
ind ispensable member of your team.
team.
I am writing to apply for the graduate trainee position as advertised online in the New
New
York Times. I am a final-year student majoring in Business Administration, with US
and Chinese business relations as the focus of my dissertation. I believe I am suitable
for this position because I am very interested in banking.
I would like to apply for a job in your organisation. I have always wanted to work at
the cutting edge of global strategy with a firm whose greatest assets are its people,
and I have decided that Rivers & Co. is the ideal place to start my career.
d ^3.3 Listen to two recruitment experts, Grace and Oliver, discussing the
letters. In which order do they discuss them?
e ^3.3
^3.3 Listen again.
again. Wh at advice do they
they give? Do you
you agree with
with their
comments?
f Find a job advertisement that interests you, and write the opening
paragraph of a cover letter in response.
Writing the main body of the letter

Demonstrating your key skills and experience
In the main body of the letter you need to show why you are the right person
for the job, by highlighting your most relevant experiences and skills as they
relate to the position you are applying for. It is important to demonstrate
evidence of your skills clearly. It is not enough to claim that you are ‘a hard
working, flexible team player, with excellent IT skills’; you need to be able to
provide evidence.
evidence.

question s.
1 How lon
longg sho
should
uld tthe
he main
main body of th
the
e letter be?
2 How many specific points should you make?
mak e?
3 How will this section
section change depending on the job you are applying for?
Unit
Un it 3 Effe
Effective
ctive cover letters 37

b Read the following extracts from cover letters. For each extract underline
the two main skills the applicants demonstrate.
1 My pa
past experience of working ov
overseas ha
has bbrrought me
me a greater
understanding of international cultures and traditions, as well as a better
appreciation of my own culture. These insights would certainly benefit a
multinational corporation, such as yours.
Skills: intercultural awareness

awarene ss / depe
dependab
ndability
ility / flexibility / self-a
self-awaren
wareness
ess
^ Within my role as a project manager, I am responsible

respons ible for leading a team of five
people. We often have to work unsociable hours under difficult conditions. I
ensure that team morale is maintained by regularly counselling team members
to check they are coping with the demands of the job.
Skills:: flexib
Skills fle xibility
ility / late
lateral
ral thi
thinking
nking skills / language
langu age skills / interpe
inte rperson
rsonal
al skills
skill s
3
Although I do not possess any experience in the hotel industry, I was a Holiday
Representative for Xtreme Holidays for two
two consecutive
consecut ive summers, w where
here I
learned that customer satisfaction is the key to success in the sen/ice industry.
I implemented a new way for customer feedback to be recorded, which helped
Xtreme Holidays develop the service that they provide by identifying areas
needing improvement. I believe I can apply the skills obtained from my previous
employment to this position.
Skills: IT skills / customer

custo mer service
ser vice skills / comm
communicat
unication
ion skills / initiative
initi ative
4 M W.
This summer I worked at Alton Towers Themepark, where I was initially

responsible for operating various rides. However, as I can speak both Italian
and English fluently I was quickly moved into the gift shop to deal with
customers. Working in the shop helped me to learn the importance of dealing
with customers in a friendly and efficient way. During this month I suggested
changing the layout ofof some of the gif
giftt displays. These
Thes e chan
changes
ges led to a
significant increase in the sales of souvenirs.
Skills: customer service

se rvice skills / entrepreneu
entrep reneurial
rial skills / leadership skills /
numerical skills
I have a strong history of staff management, working closely with my current

team on their personal development plans, and understand my role assisting and
promoting staff member success. I regularly seek feedback on my performance
from my superiors and colleagues to identify areas I need to improve in.
Skills: rel
reliab
iabilit
ilityy / leadersh
lead ership
ip skills / self-awareness / technical
technic al skills
C Underline
Und erline useful phrases
phrase s from
from the extracts which you could use use in in your own
own
cover letter. For example in extract 1, Mu p as t e expe
xperi
rienc
ence .... has brought
e o f ..
me a grea ter understanding of ..., as w ell as ...
d Identify three skills that you use on a regular basis and write three
sentences that demonstrate these skills in action. Use the phrases in
Exercise 3c to help you.
Un
Unit
it 3 Effec
E ffective
tive cover letters
letter s

Matching your skills and experience to the position
In the body of your cover letter it is essential that you are able to demonstrate
how your work experience and skills match the specific position you are applying
for. To do this you need to:
• read the job description care
carefully;
fully;
• identify the skills
skills and experience the company
compan y is particularly
partic ularly interested in;
in;
• show any parallels
paral lels with previous posts you have held
held or other
oth er experience.
1 How wi
will
ll your cover letter
letter change with
with each pos
positio
ition
n you app
apply
ly for?
2 How will you
you know
know which skills
skills and experience to highlight?
3 Should you highlight skills and experience even iiff they are not obviously
relevant to the job you are applying for?
b Read the letter written by Hanna Ahigren, who is applying for a job at the
Australian Embassy in Sweden, and answer the following questions. At this
stage, ignore the gaps in the text.
1 Wh at pos
positi
ition
on is
is Hanna applying
applying for?
2 Wh at is
is her current job?
3 W ha t subject does she have a degree in?
4 W ha t skills
skills and experience does
does she have?
have ?
Dear Ms Tisdall,
I am writing
writing in response to your advertisem
advertisement
ent for the position of Public Relations Officer
and enclose
e nclose my curricu
curriculum
lum vitae for your consideration
consideration..
I am currently working as a Pres Presss Officer for the Swe dish Ministr
Ministry
y of Indu
Industr
stry.
y.
( 1) Tin ts e * p e n e v v c e Uovs
Uovs gv\g>tble
le<
<A w e f a gai gain
n a broad unde
understan
rstanding
ding of the
media and public relations. (2)— -m
- -moni
onitor
torin
ing
g the Swedish and foreig
foreign
n
media, and establishing and maintaining key media contacts. I also write press releases and
organise media events. Through the successful undertaking of these responsibilities
(3 )
________________________ the Swedish
Swedis h polit
politica
icall system. (4 )
--------------------
theoretical knowledge attained as part of my university degree in Political Science, and put
this knowledge into practical application.
Previous experience
experience at the Swed
Swedish
ish Embassy
Emba ssy in Wa
Warsaw
rsaw gave me an oppo
opporturtunit
nity
y to work
with the diplomatic services. During my time there I learnt to promote the strengths of
Swede
Sw ede n through public
public relat
relations
ions events, as part of a tteam.
eam. Pol
Polan
and’
d’s
s entry tto
o the European
Union was the main focus of the Embassy at the time, which significantly influenced my
work there. (5) writing reports, organising official visits to Poland,
_______________________
and developing various internal and external projects.

(6
(6))
_______________________ considerable experience in the area of public relations from
my years at universi
university
ty and subse quent jobs. I am confident tha
thatt the combination of my
political science background and relevant skills makes me an ideal candidate for the position
available.. (7
available (7)) ideas and enthusi
enthusiasm
asm to the job.
(8 ) I am very suited to Em
Embas
bassy sy work and fee
feell this move would
be a logical career step. The role of Public Relations Officer would allow me to develop my
-existing skills in an environment in which my political, linguistic and diplomatic skills could be
utilised to their greatest potential.
I woul
wouldd be avail
available
able for interview at your convenien
conve nience.
ce. I look forward
forwar d to hearing fr
from
om you
you..
Yours sincerely,
RG.ny'iG. AhicySvi
Ms Hanna Ahigren -
Unit
Un it 3 Effe
Effective

Complete the letter in Exercise 4b using the following phrases.
a I feel I have significantly strengthened my knowledge and understanding of
b This expe rience has enabled
enable d me
me to
c My employment
employmen t experience
experi ence leads me to the conclusion
conclusion that
d My employment
employm ent experience
experien ce has
has enabled
enable d me to build on
e I think that
tha t I could bring
f My responsibilities included
g Within my position at work I am responsible for
h As you can see from my CV I have
d Here is the advertisement ;;
that Hanna responded to. Australian Embassy: Public Relations Officer

In pairs, identify the main
skills and experience they Department: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
are looking for. Immediate Supervisor; First Secretary
Salary: SEK 18,000 per month (Tax free)
e Match the requirements
listed in the advertisement ;io#v,v-«k
(a-i) to sentences from a Monitor
Monit or the Swedish, Finnish,
Finnish, Estonian, Latvian and
and Lithuanian media
media
Hanna’s cover letter (1-6). (including printed and electronic) each day; prepare a summary of key
Some sentences illustrate international and domestic news items,
more than one requirement. b Monitor
Monit or and prepare reports on international and domesti
domestic c issues
issues in m
•sy//
Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania,

1 This expe
experi
rien
ence
ce ha
has
c Organise programmes for visitors from Australia,
Australia, and provide support
enabled me to gain a to Australian-based staff in relation to high-level visits,
broad understanding of d Assist
Assist in the management
manageme nt and implementati
imple mentationon of the Embassy's
Embassy's public
the media and public affairs function and cultural affairs programme.
relations. _L_
822^*
2 Within
Wit hin my position at
work I am responsible for Bilingual Swedish/English language and translation skills - both written
monitoring the Swedish and spoken
and foreign media, f High-level understanding of Swedish government, economy, business
and establishing and and EU processes
maintaining key media Ability to prioritise, manage time effectively and work both
independently and as part of a team
contacts.
h Personal contacts in the media (desirable)
/ / ___
i Experience in a public relations and/or a media-related field (desirable)
3 Through the successful
undertaking of these Please note that to be considered, applicants must address the selection criteria
when making their applications and all applications must be in English.
responsibilities I feel
I have significantly
strengthened my
knowledge and understanding of the Swedish political system ____
4 Previous experience
experienc e at the Swedish Embassy
Em bassy in Warsaw
War saw gave me an
opportunity to work with the diplomatic services. During my time there I learnt
to promote the strengths of Sweden through public relations events, as part of
a team . / ___
5 My responsibilities
responsibi lities included writing reports,
reports, organising official
official visits to Poland,
Poland,
and developing various internal and external projects
projec ts / ___
6 The role of Public Relations
Relati ons Officer would allow me to develop my existing
skills
could in
bean environment
utilised to theiringreatest
which my political, linguistic and diplomatic skills
potential ____
Unit
Un it 3 Effec
E ffective
tive cover
cover letters
letter s

Underline useful phrases from Hanna’s letter which you could use in your
own cover letter. For example, I am confident that the com bination
bination of mu ...
an d ... makes me an
an ideal candidate fo r the pos ition.
Complete the following sentences using the phrases in the box from
Hanna’s letter.
As a result
resu lt As part of my During my period of employmen
emplo ymentt at During my time
having In the course of my current job Since
Sinc e I work with where I gained
While I was a
^ ______
WK ile I <* team leader
lea der at Global
Glob al Computers, I introd
introduced
uced new
quality control procedures resulting in a 50% fall in customer complaints.
at Legal Solutions, I was responsible for marketing

software services.
services.
:
degree course in Business Studies, I worked for three

months in the Data Processing department of a large computer corporation,
___________________________experience in IT solutions.
^ ___________________________ Star Enterprises I gained some knowledge of

accounting, ____________________________ assisted their bookkeeper for three months.
C m
I have been responsible for the organisation of
___________________________
conferences my knowledge and experience in this field

_____________________________
have grown considerably and I now feel capable of managing events independently.
____________________________ people every day in a business setting, I have developed

strong interpersonal and communicative skills.
Complete the following sentences so they are true for you.

I While
Whi le I w a s I was in charge o f ____
____
2 During ________________________ I was responsible for
3 As part of my degree course in _________________________ at

________________________________ I ___________
_______________________
_______________________
_____________________
__________
4 During my period of employment

employme nt a t ________________________________ I gained
5 At present I am respons
responsible
ible fo r As a re su lt -------
6 Since
In pairs, discuss your recent work experience, or time at university.

Highlight the skills you feel you have developed through these experiences.
What are the main skills you have that make you more employable?
Unit
Un it 3 Effe
Effective

Writing an effective final paragraph
The final paragraph of your cover letter should round the letter off, leaving the
reader with a positive impression of your application and a desire to interview you
5 3 In pairs, decide whethe

whe therr the following
following stateme
state ments
nts are True
True (T) or False (F).
1 The final paragraph should
should express
express willingn
willingness
ess to p
provide
rovide any
any further
information that the reader may want ____
2 It is
is not necessary
necess ary to mention any items (including the CV) you are enclosing/
enclosing/
attaching.___
___
3 It is polite to thank the reader for

for their time and
and cons ider ation.
atio n.
4 The final
final paragraph may actually cons
consist
ist of two short paragrap hs ---
b Look back at the cover letters on pages 35 and 39. Did Jane and Hanna
follow this advice?
C Read the fol

following
lowing paragrap hs taken fr
from
om British and American cover letters.
What differences in style do you notice?
1 I look
look forward to hearing
hearing from you in tthe
he near futur
future
e to
to schedule an interview at
a time convenient to you. During the interview I hope to learn more about your
•
•I
•■- !'
company's plans and goals and discuss how I might contribute to the success of the
service team.
■: ;v. " •
* •
• • :> . f - ‘ ‘ •; •v, •: • • .. /- &* I
Sincere regards,
. !!; .I.II!'. VI! i - * - ![f"T
■
’1
1%
-Y . . . .. .
...,4,
. ...................... b ................ ***» ■
II !' ;; ”• -s k n. » w r .
2 Should you have any queries regarding my application, or require any further information,
plea
pl ease
se do not hesita
hes itate
te to cont
c ontact
act me. I would
wo uld like to thank
tha nk you in advanc
adv ancee for your
you r ti
time
me and
consideration.
1 look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
: r.-- t: *08%
'% ^ ^ ^'*•# ft f< g% | *If £$ " g ” H
! ^® ^ ^ >
Yours truly, y '

■-ii■?WW W W ® tovmnms* ... ,
.
* V- « ?■ ... in ... ’!•.

• . .. II .. ...
” "• : • " *• •// '</ //././'
.W
„, ,......
^ /A
A..»<✓ //A.//A........
:................•" ::: "'-I' ki-■»■'£ '#*VWr ar. «• kr: H<T.; . IK-....
4 You will find enclosed a copy of my curriculu

curri culum
m vitae, which gives further details of my
education and my career to date. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss my professional
history and qualifications with you in greater detail.
rrhank you in advance for your consideration.
Yours sincerely,
V n "• f ■
■ ................. n 35 If b . Jf " : :: * gMf fc » - 9 " ; '' •......................... | ...........
............
......
d In pairs, discuss the following

1 Which extrac
extracts
ts most clos
closely
ely fol
follow
low the advice
advice in Exercise
Exercise 5a?
2 Which approach do you prefer and why?
3 Which appro
approach
ach would be most
most suitable for the country you
you are
areapplying
applying for
work in?
4 What,
Wh at, if anything, would you need toto change if you wanted to useone
useone of these
paragraphs in your own cover letter?
42 Un
Unit
it 3 Effectiv
Effe ctive
e cover letters
letter s

e Read the following
following final paragraphs. Wh at do y
you
ou think is
is good
good or bad
about them?
1 My experience and other technical skills are too extensive to be
listed here. I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to
discuss my credentials at your earliest convenience.
I look forward to hearing from you.
I would welcome the opportunity to discuss with you how I might

contribute to your company in fulfilling its present goals. I will be
available for appointment from 1st
1st July.
Thank you in advance for your consideration.
.... .... ..g .... .... .^. .i .
.i . . ^ ^ ■.% to, , „ v . . .... . . .... . . .... .... j ^ 'M ... i:- !»- ... .15.
f ^ 3 A Listen to recruitment consultants, Grace and Oliver, discussing the

extracts in Exercise 5e. What advice do they give? Do you agree with their
comments?
g Think of a specific job you

you would like
like to app ly for.
for. W rit
ritee your own closing
paragraph using the phrases in the box and ideas from this section.
I look forwa
forward
rd to hearing fro
from
m you.
I wou
would
ld welcome/apprec
welcome/appreciate
iate the opportunity to ...
Please do not hesitate to contact me.
should you have/require ...
Thank you in advance for your time and consideration.
Using appropriate language

Whether applying online or sending your cover letter through the post, it is
important to write using appropriate language. Although informal language
may sometimes be acceptable in cover letters, more formal alternatives will
create a more professional impression.
6 a Complete the following table using the words in the box.

about additional contact employer employment ensure give
looking more receive request require
require show talk about tell
te ll want
Informal Formal
get —► 1 y e c e i v e
extra
extra —► 2 -------
3 _______ —► would like

need
need —► 4 -----
5 _______ —► discuss
discuss
get in touch with —► 6 ------
7 _______ —► concerning/regarding
make
make sure —► 8 -------
9 _______ —► provide somebody with

10 _______ —► info
inform
rm
boss
boss —► 11 -------
12
_______
—► further
further/greater
/greater
13 _______ —► searching
as
ask
k for —► 14 -------
work/job
work/job —► 1 5 -------
16 ________ —► demo
demonst
nstrate
rate
Unit 3 Effective cover letters 43

b Complete the following sentences using the formal words in Exercise 6 a. In
sentences 4 and 5, why is should used instead of if?
1 I am writing in
in response
response toto our telephone conversation
conversation on 9th
9th May
veggiwAing the secretarial vacancy.
2 I have recently graduated
grad uated with a M as teter’s
r’s degree in computing and am
currently ___________ for
for suitab le __________ in the electronics field.
3 I would apprecia
app reciate oppo rtunity to meet you, where I co u ld --------- my
te the opportunity
skills, capabilities and professional experience in --------- detail.
4 I would be happy t o __________ y o u ___________ further references should you
require them.
5 Should yo u __________ a n y ___________ info rma tion my application
application,,
please do not hesitate to __________ me.
C Rewrite
Rew rite the underlined sections of the following
following sentences using
using more
appropriate formal language. Try to use the word in brackets.
1 I am w
writi
riting
ng about your ad for Development Manager in Th
for a Business Development The
e
Economist, (response] in yesponse Fo your gn^vev-Hsewenf ---------------
---------------
2 I am writing to ask if you’ve got any vacancies at the moment in your human
resources department, (currently] -------------------------------------
3 I am writing to
to apply
appl y for the financial administr
admi nistrator
ator job, (po sition
siti on]]__________
4 As you
you will
will see from
from my CV
CV, my experience
experi ence and qualifications
qualif ications are what you’r
you ’re
e
looking for, (requirements] -------------------------------------------
5 The manager
manage r ofof your Milan
Mil an Branch
B ranch told me to get in touch with yo
you
u about
the opening for a media consultant, (recommended] ________________________
6 Here's a copy of my CV, and I look forward to an opportunity

opp ortunity to demonstrate
demo nstrate
how my professional experience and skills would benefit Star Electronics,
(attach] -----------------------------------------------------------
7 If vou need anv more info

info about
abou t my application,
applica tion, please do not hesitate to
contact me. (should) ________________________________________________________
8 Thanks for your time and consideration,

consideration, (wo uld)
uld ) ------------------------
d The following extract from a cover letter is too informal. Rewrite the
extract using appropriate formal language.
Dear Sarah,
I saw you r adv ert for a job as a se cre tary on the In ternet last week. I want to a pply
for the job.
I’ve be en working as a s ec ret ary at G ordon ’s Financial
Financial Services in Barcelona for
the last thre e years, but I’m
I’m looking
looking for
for a new job in Milan
Milan becau se my hu sba nd
has ju st got a new job w ith his co mp any in Mil
Milan
an..
I’ve heard a lot about your company. I think it’s one of the biggest financial
servi ce co mp anies in Mil
Milan
an.. I’
I’ve worked for year s in this area (over six yea rs) a nd
think that this has given
given me the ex perience that y our comp any needs.
If you wan t to m eet to talk abou t how my skills
skills and exp erienc e can benefit your
com pany in the future,
future, 1would
1would be h appy to come in and m eet you.
you.
Kind
Kind regards, Ja ne
44 Unit 3 Effective
Effectiv e cover
cover letters

X)e.<*y Ks
Writing a cover letter

7 3 Look at the example of a bad cover letter that
th at Felix sent Vick
Vicky.
y. In pai
pairs,
rs,
discuss the mistakes he has labelled (a-o).
Baklrick College
College
Swinton
SW4 8BT
Na
N a tl 9 8 7 @ b c s. a c .u k
PrincessNL@gmail.com
14 O cto be r 2008
2008
Ace Consultants
45 Strand
Lo ndo n WC2 8LK
8LK 0
Dear Sir or Madam,
I would lik
likee to apply for a job at you r com pan y when I gra du ate this
summer.
f
1have always wan ted to w ork with
with a strategic managemej
con sulta ncy firm
firm which helps it’
it’ss sjients m ake lasting and _______
substantial improvements, and I canno t imagine a be tter place to e

I
work than Hillier and Thomson, m --------------------- -----------------------
9
1am extremely confident that my university cour se has p repare d
me f n r a eareer-i
eareer-ijja. managem ent. Whils
Whilstt at university 1had a num ber
oTpa rbtime jobs an d I would say tha t my main strength is my m
s.
abilit
abil ityy to get on wit
with h othe r people. 1am a ve ry sociable pe rson and
through a range of social activities I have perffected my outstanding
communication skills.
As you will see from my CV I am not familiar with many computer
[)Togrammes, but I would like to learn and am sure that I would pick m
things up quickl
quickly.
y. 1reall
1reallyy want a job which will
will giv ejn e the cha nce
to travel, as this is a particu lar inter est of mine.
mine.
I would be truly grateful to be invited for an interview and to be
given
giv en a chance to further discus s my applicati
application.
on.
n
Yours,
Na
N a ta lie
li e L a u re n t
Uniit 3 Ef
Un Effective cover letters 45

b Match Felix’s advice (1 -1 5) to the appropriate parts of the cover letter
(a-o) in Exercise 7a.
1 Fi
Find
nd a named
named perso
person
n to
to write
write to.
to.
2 Make
Mak e your letter specific to each company you
you write to
to and make
make it clear
what job you’re applying for ____
3 Don’t copy phrases from websites and brochures.

brochures. Use your own
own words
word s ---
4 Make
Mak e sure the name of the company matches the one in in the address
add ress ---
5 Research and be clea

clearr about the job you are applying for.
for. Strategic
Strate gic
management consulting is not the same as management ____
6 Mistakes
Mistak es of spelling and grammar are unacceptable - always double-ch
double-check.
eck.
7 Mak e it clear what you bring to the organisation, not just what you
you can
can gain.
gain.
8 Don’t apologise for skills

skills you haven’t got,
got, especially
espec ially where they are not a
strict requirement of the job ____
9 Don’t exaggerate
exagger ate your level
level of skill.
skill. Always useuse examples to substantiate
substa ntiate
what you say. ___
10 lette r ‘Yours sincerely’ (if to a named person) or ‘Yours faithfully’ (if
End your letter
not)____
11 Be polite and respectful but not excessively

excessi vely so____
12 Don’t be vague about your aptitudes. Make Ma ke sure you know

know wha
whatt the
recruiter is looking for and then provide specific evidence, highlighting key
parts of your CV____
13 Don’t start all/mos
all/mostt paragraphs
paragr aphs with T . ___
14 Use apostrophes (here its not it’s)
apostro phes correctly (here ____
15 Ju st give one email address (keep this plain and sensible)

sensibl e)
____
C Rew rite the cover let

lette
terr iin
n Exercise 7a, using the language and advice from
this unit. Then compare your letter with the model letter on page 111.
d Research a real job that you would be interested in applying for. Spend
some time researching the company and the position in more depth. Think
about the skills and experience that you have that are relevant for the post
and then write a cover letter for the job.
Unit 3 Effectiv
Eff ective
e cover letters

Preparing for the interview
Making a positive first
impression
Dealing effectively with
interview questions
Talking about yourself
Avoiding common mistakes
Proving you've done your
research
|..v%
w
Preparing for the interview

Congratulations! If you have been invited to an interview, you
have passed a significant test. Your CV and cover letter have
made a strong first impression. You have been selected in front
of your rivals, and made it to the short list.
Preparation is the key to a successful interview. The other
candidates may have similar qualifications, skills and experience.
The interview is your opportunity to prove you are the best
candidate for the job. Ensuring you are well-prepared will help
you to reduce stress, increase your confidence and improve your
chances of being offered the job.

1 Have you
you ever been
been interviewed
interviewed for
for a job in English?
English ? How d
did
id iitt go?
2 How do you fee
feell about going for an interview
inter view??
3 How can you prepare for an interview
inte rview ?
b In pairs,
pairs, discuss the following tips for preparing
preparin g for an interview.
interview. Which
ones do you think are more important? Which ones would you do first?
• Tr
Try
y tto
o predict the questions you are likely to be
be asked during the interview.
interview.
• Do some research into the company you are applying for a job with.with.
• Find out exactly
exactly what
wh at the job involve
involves.
s.
• Analyse
Analy se your skills and experience and identify area s where they match the
job requirements
requirem ents and the compa
companyny needs.
needs.
• Rehears
Reh earsee the interview.
interview.
• Decide what
wha t you’re going to wear.
wear.
• Pre pa
pare
re a list of questions to ask at the end of the interview.
interview.
Unit
Un it 4 Successful interviews 47

Making a positive first impression
Before you arrive
You never get a second chance to make a first impression.
People start forming their impression of you immediately,
looking at the outside and making assumptions about the
inside
inside.. It is your responsibility
respo nsibility to ensure that
th at you send out
the right message about who you are, through your physical
appearance, your clothes and your body language.
2 a Imagine you met somebody new today. After a few minutes talking to you,
what might they say about you, for example how successful or wealthy you
are, your level of education, or your professionalism?
b In pairs, discuss what you can do to create a positive first impression with
an interviewer. Think about the following points.
• your appearance
• body language
• how to ‘break the ice’ with the interview
interv iewer
er
C In pairs, discuss the following

following interview
interv iew tips. W rite do or don’t next to each
tip.
1 Arrive
Arrive ten
ten mi
minu
nutetes
s earl
early.
y.
2 Spe ak English with a friend before
before the interview.
interview.
3 Bring
Brin g a close friend or relative with you for support.
4 Tak
Takee a copy of your CV and examples
exam ples of
ofyou
yourr workwith you.
5 Learn some impressive wordsand
wordsand phrases to use in theinterview.
the interview.
6 Memoris
Mem orise e lon
long
g answers to questions that you anticip
anticipate
ate being asked.
d ^4.1 Silvia Carnali has been invited for an interview at the communications
agency, Futerra. Before her interview she meets Nina, a human resources
manager, for some interview preparation tips. Listen to the conversation
and write Nina’s opinion [do/don’t) next to the tips (1-6) in Exercise 2c. Do
you agree with Nina? What tips does Nina mention that are not included in
the list above?
Small talk
The outcome of an interview can be decided in the first five minutes. From the
moment you arrive for an interview you are being assessed. Even before the
interview itself begins you will be communicating a message about who you are.
In order to create a positive impression, it’s important that from the moment
you arrive what you say is clear, confident and enthusiastic.
3 a ► 4.2 Listen to extracts

extrac ts from the beginning of Silv ia
ia’’s interview
intervie w
at Futerra and Alex Mencken’s interview at a London theatre.
Answer the following questions.
1 Why is Mr Lewis
Lewis late
late fo
forr the
the inter
interview?
view?
2 W ha
hatt does Silvia read while she’s waiting?
waitin g?
3 W ha t useful
useful information does Silvia get fromthe
fromthe receptionist?
4 How does Silvia create a positive first impression with M r Lewis?
5 Wh at do Alex and
and Karl chat about before the interview?
6 How does Alex create a positive first impression
impression with Karl?
48 Unit 4 Successf
Successful
ul interviews
interviews

1 Silvia is very polit
polite
e to the re
recep
ception
tionist.
ist. Why is this
this important?
2 W ha t does
does Silvia
Silvia ask the receptionist? How coucould
ld this help her applica tion?
3 Alex mentions tha t a friend of of his who works at the theatre
theatr e suggested he
applied for the job. Do you think this was a good idea?
► 4.2 Match the conversation

conve rsation openings (1-8
(1 -8)) to the responses
respon ses (a-h).
(a-h ). Listen
Listen
to the extracts again and check your answers.
1 I'm afraid Mr Lewis is in a meeting at
No,
No, no trouble aatt all.
the moment.
No, thank you. I'm fine.
2 Can
Can I get you anything wh while
ile you wait? I know. It's awful, isn't it?
3 I'm sorry I'm late
late.. O
Our
ur meeting overran a
Thank you. It's nice to meet you too.
bit.
You were highly recommended to me
4 How are you
you??
by a friend.
5 It's nice to meet you at last.
I'm very well, thank you.
6 Di
Didd you have any trouble
troubl e finding us?
That's quite all right.
7 I can't believe the weather at the
That's okay. I was just admiring the
moment!
office.
8 How did you find out abou aboutt us?
In pairs, practise the small talk in Exercise 3c.
Look at the following examples of interview small talk. Match the

beginnings (1-10) to the endings (a-j). Would you say these to the
receptionist (R), the interviewer (I) or both (B)?
1 Do you thin
thinkk I c
co
ould have --- a I got caught in the rain.
2 Do you hhave
ave a com
compan
panyy b
bro
roch
chur
ure
e b yo
your
ur toil
toilet
et tto
o fre
fresh
shen
en u
up
p?
3 I'm very sorry I'm late. ■■c a glass of water while I'm waiting
wa iting?? R
4 Do you think I could use d I was planning to be here over an hour ago,
5 I was just admiring your office. but my train was cancelled.
6 Are there mmaany other candidates e I could have a look at while I'm waiting?
7 I had terrible problems parking
here. f Is it alwa
wayys th
this
is busy?
8 I'm afraid I'm not feeling very well. g It all looks very modern. Is it new?
9 The office is smaller than I h Do you have many people working
expected. elsewhere?
•
10 Is there somewhere I could leave 1 Could I sit down for a few minutes?
my umbrella? j scheduled for interviews today?
Having some small talk helps to build a positive rapport with the
interviewer. In the UK the weather and transport problems are very
common and appropriate small talk topics. In pairs, discuss the following
questions.
1 Wh at sma
small
ll talk topics
topics are
are com
commonl
monly
y discus
discussed
sed in your country?
2 Are there any things you would avoid talking about?
abou t?
In pairs, role play arriving at an interview and making small talk with the
receptionist.
Student A, you are the candidate. Try to get some useful information from
the receptionist which you can use later in your interview.
Student B, you are the receptionist.
Swap roles and practise again.
Unit 4 Successful interviews

Body language
Much of the impact you create at an interview is based on your body language,
and getting this right is essential. The way you walk, sit and act may influence your
interviewer’s opinion of you as much as what you actually say.
1 How could
could your
your body langua
language
ge let yo
you
u down
down iin
n an interview?
2 How can you avoid these problems?
proble ms?
► 4.3 Listen to five people

pe ople speaking
sp eaking abo ut body language and bad first
impressions in interviews. Write the extract number (1-5) next to the
problem it mentions. Then match each problem (a-e) to the advice on how to
avoid it (A-E).
Problem Advice
a Trem
Trembling
bling vo ic e A Ma
Make
ke eye contact,
conta ct, but remember
remember not to stare.
b Sweating _ ! _ — B Politely decline tea or coffee.
c Bad pos
posture
ture \ C Breathe slowly and
and deep
deeply.
ly.
d Shakin
Shakingg hand
hands s \ D Sit up straight an
and
d lean
lean fo
forw
rwar
ard
d when
when spe
speaki
aking.
ng.
e No eye co n tact
ta ct E Ma
Make
ke sure you know in advance how to find the inte
interview
rview venue.
What tips on body language would you give someone being interviewed for a
job in your country?
cou ntry?
Dealing effectively with interview questions

Responding to questions at an interview is your opportunity to give evidence of
your skills and experience, prove you know what the job entails, and demonstrate
that you are the best person for the job.

1 Wh at quest
questions
ions mig
might
ht you expect to be
be asked in
in any job interview?
2 Wh at advice would you give somebody
someb ody about
abo ut dealing with interview questio
questions?
ns?
Look at the following

following commo
commonn interview
in terview questions. W rite the type of question
(a-c) next to each question ( 1 - 1 2 ).
a Questions
Questi ons that require you to talk about
abo ut yourself, your ambitions, your
personality, your hobbies and interests
b Questions
Questi ons that require you
you to prove you have researched the job and company
you have applied for work with
c Questions
Questi ons that require you to demonstrate
demo nstrate you have the skills and experience
required for the job
1 Ca
Can
n you
you tell
tell us
us somethin
somethingg about yourself?
yourself?
2 Wh at experience do you have that is relevant for this po sit ion? io n? ___
3 Wh at ddid
id yo
you
u learn
learn during
during your time at un ive rsi ty? ___
4 Wh at do you
you see as your stre ng ths ? ___
5 Wh at do you
you think
think about our w eb sit e? ___
6 Wh at attracted
attracted you
you to the po sitio n? ___
7 How would your colleagues describe y o u ? ___
8 W ha t sorts of
of projects did you work o on
n in
in your last p os it
itio
io n? ___
9 W ha t university did you attend and wh

why y did you choose it ? ___
10 How do you typically approach new pr oj ec ts? _______

11 Wh at ddo
o yo
you
u know
know about our co m pa ny ? ___
12 Wh ere do you see yourself in five years’

yea rs’ ti m e ? ___

C In pairs, try to think of s
some
ome more question
questionss for each categ
category
ory (a-c).
(a- c).
Which questions would you welcome in an interview? Which questions
would you not like to be asked?
d In pairs, take turns to ask and answer the questions in Exercises 5b and
5c. Which questions are easiest to answer? Which are the most difficult?
e ^4
^4.4
.4 Listen to thre
threee extrac
extracts
ts from an interview.
interview. Which three ques
questions
tions in
in
Exercise 5b is the candidate responding to?
f ^4.4 Listen again and, in pairs, discuss how each answer could be improved.
g Match the advice oon

n how
how to answer questi
questions
ons (1-5 ) to the practical tips
tips
(a-e). What were the specific problems with the three extracts in Exercise
5e?
v v v ' .. ^
1 Be cle
clear
ar and a I f you
you personal
personally ly ddid
id something, say 'I did' rather than 'we did'
explicit or 'it was'.
b Most lies or exaggeration
exaggerations s get discovered an
and
d sugges
suggestt bad
bad
judgment
judg ment on y your
our pa part
rt,,
2 Be audible c Do not assume inte intervie
rviewers
wers know whawhatt your previous job
involved,, even iiff they work in the same organisation. IItt is also
involved
important not to use jargon or acronyms that the interviewer
3 Be concise
might not be familiar with,
d Don't talk for too long, or drift away fr from
om the point. Be
4 Be truth
truthful
ful alert to any signs from the interviewer of boredom, loss of
concentration, or signals that you are talking too much.
However, also ensure that you say enough,
5 Focus on act
action
ion e Answers th that
at can
can't't be heard demonstrate poo poorr inte
interpers
rpersonal
onal
you have taken and communicative skills.
h Look at the first interview extract from Exercise 5e. Rewrite the candidate’s
answer and improve it by:
• deleting any sections which drift away from
from the point;
• trying to make the remaining sentences more dynamic.
Well, I’ve never really

Well, rea lly thought about
abou t iit.
t. I suppose I ’d like
like to be mamarried
rried wi
with
th
kids, perhaps. My sister’s got three kids, and they’re really great. I’d also like
to be doing a job I enjoy. There’s
There’s nothing worse than being stuck in a b boring
oring job
job
where you have the same routine every day. It ’d be a job wi with
th llots
ots of
respons
resp onsibility,
ibility, b
but
ut I suppose not too much
much.. I wouldn’
wouldn’tt want
wa nt tto
o get stressed. If
I was lucky enough to get this job, it’d be great, but I suppose five years is a a
long time
time w
without
ithout a change,
change, so I ’d try to get
ge t a promotion, if I coul
could.
d.
I see i*wsel£ Âolvyfi a\ jo b I v-e^

v-eÔlv
Olv ev\iov. _____
_________
_______
___________________________
1 ^4.5
^4.5 Listen
Listen to an improved
improved answer and compare it with your iideas.
deas. Wh at
techniques did the candidate use in the improved answer?
Unit

J Look at the third interview extract from Exercise 5e. Rewrite the candidate’s
answer and improve it by:
• trying to make it
it more action-foc
action-focused
used - make every sentence focus
focus on what the
speaker actually does or did;
• adding specific examples.
Well, usually
Well, usu ally there needs to be a d e a r picture of what thethe aims of the
the project
pro ject are.
are.
So it ’s essential
essen tial to
to speak to everyone involved
invo lved before ttaking
aking any action. In my
my
current job we use project management software to help us keep track of what we we
have
hav e to do and when we haveha ve to do it.
it. O f course,
course, it ’s importan
imp ortantt that someone
someone
keeps an eye on whether people are actually doing what they’re supposed to be
be
doing, and obviously you also need to deal with unexpected situations as they
they
come up.
TUe -fivsf Hum I A c is siwe I've gof

go f <7vver
vv er ily
il y c l e w pic
picftw
ftw e wUgyf I
y\ee^ Vo <7vcUieve. Lef we give you <?n\ ex<?uMple ... _____
_____________
_____________
________
k Listen to an improved answer and compare it with your ideas.

I In pairs,
pairs, take turns
turns to ask and answer the three questions in Exercise 5
5e
e.

In all interviews you will be required to talk about
yourself. The interviewers want to find out whether you’re
the type of person who would be able to do the job and
also whether your personality would fit in with the rest of
the company.
6 3 In pairs, discuss how you would answ er the following
questions.
1 Ca
Can
n you
you tel
telll us something
something about yourself?
yourself?
2 Wh at did you llearn
earn during your time at university?
3 Wh at kinds of things
things do
do you worry abou
about?
t?
4 Would you
you say you’re an ambitious
ambitio us person?
► 4.7Alejand
7Ale jandro
ro is a recent
recen t Economics
Econom ics graduate,
graduate ,
practising for an interview at an international bank.
Listen to his answers to the four questions in Exercise
6 a. In pairs, discuss what you think of Alejandro’s
answers, and suggest ways in which he could improve them.
C ► o Listen to a recruitment
recruitmen t expert, Grace, commenting on each of
of
Alejandro’s answers. Do you agree with her?

d ►'4.9 Listen to the answers Alejandro gives in the real interview. How has he
improved his responses?
52 Un
Unit
it 4 Successful
Successfu l interviews
intervie ws

► 4.9Com plete Ale jan dro ’s improved answ ers using the co rrect form of the
verbs in the box. Listen again and check your answers.
apply communicate develop gain get (x2)

lead make meet motivate ptrt work
Interviewer: Can you tell us something about yourself?

Alejandro: Well, I’m motivated and I (1)
(1) P ^ t.. a lot of effort into
into e
everything
verything I do,
do,
whether I’I ’m study
studying
ing a
att university, a t work or even when
when I'm play
playing
ing sport. During
During
my last ye ar a att universit
university
y I was captain of
o f th
the
e basketball
bask etball te
team.
am. I had to organi
organisese
matches and ( 2] the players. As captain it was essential that I was able to
( 3) effectively and
an d get al
along
ong with everybody
everybod y in the
the team
team ... and for th the
e
first time
time in years
yea rs oour
ur team managed
m anaged to reach the regional final.
final. We didn’
d idn’tt wi
win,
n,
unfortunately, but ( 4 ) the team to the final was a big achievement for me.
Interviewer: W hat did you learn during
during your time at un
universit
iversity?
y?
Alejandro: Oh
Oh,, lots of
o f thi
things.
ngs. M y Economics
Econom ics degree was very practical, and there
were many elements of the degree that could be ( 5) to the business world.
I had a number
num ber of challenging assignments, which often often had to be completed
comp leted
within
within a short
sho rt period
pe riod of ti
time.
me. This
This helped me to (6) my prioritising skills
and ability to ( 7) to tight deadlines.
Interviewer: What kinds of things do you worry about?
Alejandro: I worry about normal things, the same as everybody else, I think. I
worry about ( 8 ) deadlines and ( 9 ) everything
every thing done on ti
time.
me. I used
to worry about
abo ut data on my compu
computerter quite a bit.
bit. Now I back up all my data
da ta on
on
an external
extern al hard drive, so th
that
at everything is protected. Th
This
is way I ’ve got on
onee less
less
thing to worry about.
Interviewer: Woul
Would
d you sa
sayy y ou ’re an am bit
bitious
ious person?
Alejandro: Yes, I would say
sa y th
that
at I ’m ambiti
ambitious.
ous. I ’m very keen to (10) a job
with a company such as yours where I can (11 (11) full use of my degree and
professional experience. I am a dedicated worker and would hope to { 12) ______
internal promotion based on my performance at work.
Underline useful phrases from Alejandro’s answers in Exercise 6e which you

could use to answer the same questions. For example, I pu t a lot o f ef
effort
fort iinto
nto
everuthina I do. whether I’m ... or even when I’m ... Plan your own answers to
the questions.
In pairs, take turns to ask and answer the questions.
Avoiding common mistakes

Whatever job you’re applying for, there are some questions that you will nearly
always get asked. Preparing for these questions will help you to use them to
demonstrate effectively why you are the best candidate for the position.
In pairs, discuss how you would answer the following questions. Then, take
turns to ask and answer them.
1 What do you see as your strengths?
2 W ha t university did you
you attend, and why did you choose it?
3 Wh at are your
your weaknesses?
4 W ha t do you like
like doing in your spare tim e?
Un
Unit
it 4 Successful interviews

b ►4.10 Listen to two recruitment experts, Grace and Oliver, sharing tips on
effective ways to answer these questions. Do you agree with them? What
would you change about your own answers to make them more effective?
C ►4.10 Match
Ma tch the advice
adv ice given by Grace and O liver (a-h
(a -h)) to the questions
question s (1-4)
(1- 4)
in Exercise 7a. Listen again and check your answers.
a Use examples from your experience to support your claims. claims. _ L
b Don’t say that you
you chose it because it was thethe closest one to home ____
c Mention
Mentio n what steps you have taken to tackle this pr prob
ob lem
le m .___
d Focu
Focus
s on the educational/academic/professional
educational/academic/professional reasons for your choice____
e Don’t u
use
se tentati
ten tative
ve llanguage
anguage such as ‘I feel
feel’’ or ‘I think I’m quite good at’
at’.. ___
f Mention anything that demonstra
demonstrates
tes you
you working as part of a team or group.
g Don’t say that

th at you have none____
h Ta
Talk
lk about
abou t things that
tha t are unusual
unusual and memorable ____
d ►4.11 Lidia and R afa are

a re both applyi
ap plying
ng for a marke
ma rketing
ting position with a
magazine based in New York. Listen to their answers to the questions in
Exercise 7a and decide who is the stronger candidate.
e ►4.11 Complete
Com plete the following extracts
extra cts from
from Lid
L idia’s
ia’s interview. Listen again and
check your answers.
1 I’m also able to prioritise my work and work under pêssuê if deadlines
deadlines are
are
moved forward.
2 I did
did a lot o f
__________
__________ into universities, both ab
abroad
road and in Spain.
3 In the end I decided to go to the University of Barcelona as it was clear that its
Economics
Econo mics department
department had an excee xcellent
llent___________
4 Well, my French is a bit rusty, so I have __________started evening classes to

improve it. it.
5 I still
still p la y
_________ for a local
loca l club
club and love going away
aw ay with
with the team
team for
matches again a gainst
st other clubs.
clubs.
6 I ’m also a
__________ traveller.
7 During
Duri ng the summer last yea y ea r I
___________ a month in Africa working with
volunteers at a national reserve.
f Look at the follo

following
wing answer templates based on Lidia’s
Lidia’s answers.
answers. Complete
Complete
the templates so they are true for you.
1 I am and apply a ________________ approach to my work.
I believe in _________________ This enables me to ___________________I’m also
able to __________________ For example, in my last jo b ________________ _
I implemented a new system for ________________ _ This way we were able to
2 I did a lot of research

resear ch in
into
to __________________ In the end I decided to
__________________ as it wa
was
s clear that it s __________________ had an excellent
reputation.
3 Well, I feel th a t __________________ , so I have recentlystarted
recentlystarted __________________
to improv
improv e ___________________ I used to b e , but I’ve
I’ve start
started
ed
, which has enable
ena bledd me t o __________________
4 I en jo y I’m also a ke en During the

____________________
_________________
I ___________________
I’m currently _________________ _
g In pairs, take turns to ask and answer

answ er the questions
question s in
in Exercise 7a, using
using the
templates in Exercise 7f.
54 Unit 4 Successful interviews

Proving you've done your research
Successful candidates are the ones who research the job and the company. They
are able to walk into an interview confident they have exactly what the company
is looking for.
8 a ►4.12 During her interview with Futerra,

Futerr a, Silvia Carnali
Carn ali is asked what she
knows about the company, and why she wants to work there. Listen to the
extract from the interview and answer the following questions.
1 Wh at di
did
d Silvi
Silvia
a do befo
before
re app
applyi
lying
ng for
for the posi
positi
tion
on at Futerra?
2 Wh at attracted Silv
Silvia
ia to Futerra?
3 W ha t experience
experienc e will Silvia be able to use in the job ?
4 W ha t di
did
d Silvia lik
like
e about Fute rra’s
rra’s websi
website?
te?
5 Would Si
Silvia
lvia prefer to
to work for a large or small
small organisation
organis ation??
b ► 4.12Comp
2C omplete
lete the following
follo wing extrac
ext racts
ts from Silv
S ilvia
ia’’s interview
interv iew using the
phrases in the box. Listen again and check your answers.
attracted me to dynamic place to wor
work
k fro
from
m everythin
everythingg I've
I'v e learnt
It's clear from
from look at your website research into the market
well-established reputation
1 Well, before app

a pplying
lying for this position
pos ition I did some yes
y ese<
e<?v
?vyc
ycUU iv\Fo
iv\Fo F U e wun
wunv-Ue
v-Ueff
and Futerra came out on top.
2 I had a and could see that you work with a variety of
__________________
people...
3 Well, it’s really something that Futerra.
_________________
4 The Junior Consultant post combines these two areas at a company with a
5 You came across online as an exciting, ---------------
6 _________________ your website that Futerra is a quite a small company ...

7 I definitely feel, about
abo
_________________ ut Futerra, that this is the
the type of
organisation I’d like to work for.
C ►4.13 Listen to the interviewers,

interview ers, M a tt and Dan, discussing Silvia
Sil via’’s
performance in the interview. Do you agree with their comments?
d When demonstrating that you’ve researched the company, you should

mention positive things that attracted you to the company. Find examples of
positive expressions in audioscript 4.12 on page 90. Can you think of any
more examples of positive language of your own?
e Cross out the word in bold

bold tha t cannot be used
used to complete each of the
following sentences.
1 1had a look at your website. It’s really impressive/innovative/ehaHenging/
eye-catching.
2 I wanted to work with this company because you have a really strong/
enjoyable/outstanding/excellent reputation.
3 The work you do seems to be very fulfilling/worthwhile/satisfying/first-class.
4 I was impressed by your fulfilling/innovative/first-class/best-selling
products.
5 I think working for you would be very enjoyable/challenging/fantastic/
fulfilling.
Unit
Think of a company you would like to work for. Plan your answers to the
following questions. In pairs, role play the interview. Student A, you are
the interviewer. Student B, you are the candidate. Swap roles and practise
again.
• Wh at do you know
know ab o u t______________ ? And why would you like to work
here?
• Can tell u
us
s why this impressed you?
you ?
• Can y
you
ou tell
tell us a bit more about
abo ut what attracte d you to the position of
?
• Yo
You
u mentioned that youyou looked at our website. What
Wh at did you
you think o
off it?
• Wou ldn’
ldn ’t you prefer to work for a _____________ organisation?
Demonstrating you've got what it takes

In every interview you will be asked to talk about your transferable skills and
experience and how these meet the requirements for the job.
► 4.14 Susana
Sus ana Cilveti is a recen
re centt graduate
gradu ate.. Listen
Liste n to an extr
e xtract
act from her
interview for a sales
sale s assistant
assista nt position and answer the following
questions.
1 Wh at ski
skills
lls does
does Susana thi
think
nk are
are necessar
necessaryy for
for a sale
sales
s assistant?
assistant?
2 W ha
hatt was she doing before she moved to England
Eng land??
3 W ha
hatt evidence does she give of her financial exper
experienc
ience?
e?
4 Susana
Susa na claims to be a highly effective communicator.
communicator. Do you you think she
provides enough evidence to support this claim?

► 4.14 Listen again and comp
c omplete
lete the
t he following
foll owing sente
se ntence
ncess so they are
a re true
tr ue
for Susana by underlining the correct words in bold.
1 In my
my last
last job I was
was res
respons
ponsible forr implemen
ible fo implementing
ting new strategie
strate gies
s / selling
souvenirs /negotiating deals.
2 I am used to dealin
dealing g with customers
custom ers / managing big budgets / coping
with problems.
3 I can speak Italian rea
reason
sonab
ably
ly well / a little
litt le / fluently.
fluen tly.
4 This period of employment
emplo yment gave me me experience
exper ience o off managing people /
networking / organising
organising events.
events.
5 When
Wh en I was at univers ity I used to be editor of the university magazine
university magazine / a
memberr of the
membe the studen
stu dentt council
council / captain of the volleyball
volle yball team.
6 I feel I am a well-org
well-organised
anised person / highly effective communicator
commun icator /
reliable and efficient employee.
employee.
7 wor k well under pressure / well autonomously / best as part of a
I can work
team.
8 abl e to be firm but fair / delegate effectively / use my initiative to
I am able
solve problems.
Choose the best ending for each

each sentence in Exercise 9bso
9bso they are true
for you. You can invent your own endings.
In pairs, take turns

turn s to ask and an
answer
swer the following questions, using your
answers in Exercise 9c to help you.
1 What langua
languages
ges can
can you
you speak?
2 How would you describe
describ e the way you wo
work?
rk?
3 W ha
hatt skills did y
you
ou develop at university / at your last job?
jo b?
6 ► w s In her interview at Futerra,

Futerra , Silvia Carnali is asked how her skills
skills and
experience match the requirements for the position. Listen to the extract
and make a note of the skills she mentions.
f ►ms Silvia uses a range of phrases to organise her answer. Complete her
answer using the phrases in the box. Listen again and check your answers,
also when ever since finall
finallyy Firstly Following
For example For my disserta
diss ertation
tion for three
thre e reasons
I thi nk I'm suitable
suit able for tthe
he position at Fut-e erra
rra because
Secondly
Seco ndly So So to sum up That's really when
When I was at years ago
Well, ( 1) I Huv\U
Huv\U iVv siAt.V
t.V<?vbie Toy f U e posiHon Fid-eyy** b e c a u s e /
understand the issues you deal
de al with
with and am passion
pa ssionate
ate about
ab out th
them
em.. Four
(2)
(2) I joined Greenpeace
____________________ G reenpeace and have been an active member
(3)
(3) ------------------
(4) ____________________ my BA I found out about an exciting project in
(4)
Kenya and spent six months there educating local people about the need
for reforestation.
reforestation. ( 5) I started getting interested in
sustainability and (6) I started learning about different
_____________________
communication
communicati on strategies. ( 7 ) , our team found that
_____________________
simply putting up posters didn’t really

re ally have much of o f an impact, but going
going and
and
talking to respected members of the community and getting them to talk to to
others was much more effective.

(8) ____________________ university I was the communications officer of
the student union and I was responsible for dealing with suppliers and
other student organisati
orga nisations.
ons. (9 ) I’ve got quite a lot of
____________________
communicati
comm unication
on experience.
exp erience. I know you’
you ’re also looking for someone
someone who’w ho’s
s good
at resear
research.
ch. (10) for my MA
_____________________ M A I ’m researching how bestbes t tto
o
communicate reforestation issues,
issues, buildi
building
ng on my own practica
pra cticall experiences
experiences
gained in Kenya.
(11)____________________ , I think
think I ’m suitable for the position
position at
a t Futerra
Fute rra
(1 2 ) ______________________ (13 ) _____________________ , I ’ve done
done a lot of
communication work. ( 1 4 ) _____________________ I ’m a good team worker,
worker,
and (1 5 ) , because I have a good understanding of the
sustainability issues this agency deals with.
g Underline
Under line useful phrases
phra ses from Sil
Silvia
via’’s answer
answ er which you could use
use in
in an
interview of your own. For example, / think I'mI'm suitable for position a t ...
for the position
because I ...
h Put the following stages in the same order as Silvia’s answer.

1 Tal
Talkin
king
g about your experie
experience,
nce, providi
providing
ng background inf
informati
ormation
on for an
anecdote
2 Summ
Summarisin
arisingg how the various examples have fully answered the q question
uestion
3 Giving spe
specific
cific details from
from previous experiences and showing how these
experiences relate to the requirements of the job
4 Expressing enthusiasm for the job and briefly relating your charact
cha racter
er to
to the
job
5 Giving a second example of experience that
tha t relates to the job requirements
Unit
Un it 4 Successful intervi
interviews
ews
1 Think
Think of a jjob
ob that you woul
would
d like
like to apply for
for.. Plan your answer
answer to the
the
question, How do you r shills
shills and experience match the requirements fo r this
this
position?' using the structure in Exercise 9h.
j Complete the following sentences so they are true for you.

1 I think
think I’m
I’m suit
suitable
able for the positi
position
on o f __________
__________ , because ___________________
2 Following my degree I _______
3 I started getting interested in

4 When I was at university I ___
5 So to sum up, I think I’m suitable for the position at for three
reasons. Firstly, ____________________________________
Secondly, _____________________________ , and finally _
Look at the following table and add two more common interview questions.
Think of a job you would
would like
like to apply
app ly for.
for. P rep are your answers to all the
questions using words and phrases from this unit.
a> 4
1
Q) CD CD o>
i/i
Question JD 3
<u o. "5 c ° I
X 3 o 3
v- e I
< o H— <§ J
Can you tell us something about yourself?
What do you see as your strengths?
What do you like doing in your spare time?
What do you know about our company?
How do your skills and experience match the

requirements for this position?
I In groups of three
thr ee role play a job interview
intervie w using
using the table in Exercise 9k.
9k.
Student A, you are the interviewer. You should ask a selection of questions
from the table in Exercise 9k.
Student B, you are the candidate. You should answer the questions honestly,
using your notes in Exercise 9k.
Student C, you are the observer. You should make notes on the candidate’s
answers
answe rs in the tabl
t able
e in Exercise 9k, using / and X symbol
symbols.
s.
If possible, record the interview, as this will help you to identify your
individual strengths and weaknesses. When you have finished, the observer
should give feedback on the candidate’s performance. Swap roles and
practise again.
58 Unit 4 Successful interviews

UNIT 5 Advanced interview
Handling competency-based
questions
m Demonstrating your skills
m Talking about your weaknesses
Asking questions of your own
m Dealing with telephone
interviews
Handling competency-based questions

Competencies are a combination of knowledge, skills and behaviour
required to do a specific job.
d In pairs, ask and

and answer one of the following
following interview questions.
questions.
1 Tell me about a time whe
when
n you had to make a difficult
difficult decision
decision..
2 Tel
elll me
me abo
about
ut a time when you demonst
dem onstrate
ratedd good c u s t o m e r
service.
3 Tell
ell me abo
about
ut a time when you showed strong leadersh
lead ership
ip skills.
skills.
4 Tel
elll me about
abo ut a time when you played an important
impo rtant role
role in a team.
5 Tel
elll me abo
about
ut a time when you experienced
experien ced pressure at universityor
university or at work.
b ►s.l Listen to three people each answering one of the questions in

Exercise 1a successfully. Identify which question each speaker is answering.
Speaker 1 ___ Speaker 2 ___ Speaker 3 —
C In pairs, discuss how you think each story

sto ry ends.
ends. W ha t would bean
bean impressive
conclusion to each story, to really demonstrate that the speaker possesses
the necessary competency?
d ►52 Now listen

listen to the rest of the extracts to check your predictionsin
predictions in
Exercise 1c. We re your ideas sim ilar?
e The questions in Exercise

Exercise 1a are all examples of competency-based
competency-based question
questions.
s.
1 W ha t is an interviewer
interviewer looking
looking for in competenc
competency-based
y-based questions?
2 Wh y is it essential to prepare stories before
before your interview?
3 How common are competency-based intervie interview
w questions?
questi ons?
f ► 5.3Listen to two recruitment

recruitm ent experts, Grace
G race and Oliver,
O liver, discussing
competency-based questions and compare their ideas with your answers in
Exercise le.
Uniit 5 Ad
Un Advanced inter
nterv
view techniques 59
g A comm
common
on technique for planning and structuring
structu ring answers to competenc
competency-
y-
based questions is the STAR method. Look at the diagram below. What do
you think the initials S, T, A and R stand for?
Set the scene and give Go into more detail and Describe the specific
specific action Finish by talking about the
the context. Give an identify the specific aspects that you took in order to outcomes of your action
outline of a specific real you focused on and why. improve the situation. What and the difference it made.
situation or problem that Wh at was the target or task did you do, how did you do What happened in the end,
you faced in the past necessary to improve the it, when did you do it and what was accomplished,
situation? why did you do it? and what did you learn?
'ji! in: 'i!: mi mi m
h ^5.2Listen
^5 .2Listen to the extracts
extra cts in
in Exercise 1d again. For each story,
story, identify the
four sections (S, T, A and R).
i Look at the sentences from

from the candidate
candidates’
s’ stories and answer the
1 Whichphrasal verb is used to describe an unexpected success?
success ?
2 Whichphrasal verb is used to introduce an unexpected cause?
Whichphrasal caus e?
3 Whichphrasal verb is used to introduce an unexpected result?
Whichphrasal resul t?
Itturned
Itturned ou t that
that hi
his
s accountant had been
been taken
taken il
i l l ..
....
So we actually ended up getting paid within a week ...
So it all worked out in the end.

j Prepa
Pre pare
re a STAR
STA R diagram for one of
o f the questions
questio ns in Exercise
E xercise 1a. Try to use
the three phrasal verbs in Exercise 1i.
Demonstrating your skills

It is essential you provide evidence of how you acted in
real situations in the past in order to show you have the
transferable skills required for the job you are applying for.
2 a ► 5.4A fte
fterr app
applying
lying for a va riety
rie ty of p
positions
ositions at
at
leading international pharmaceutical companies,
Communications Manager Vicky Tang is invited to attend
an interview at Clyde & Johnson’s. Listen to an extract
from her interview and answer the following questions.
1 Where
Where is Vic
Vicky from
from??
2 Where
Wh ere did she go to university?
unive rsity?
b ►sJi Listen
Listen to another
anoth er candidate for the
the same position,
position,
Pieter
Pie ter Volker
Volker,, responding to the same question, and
answer the following questions.
1 Where did
did Pieter do
do his
his fi
first
rst degree?
2 Wh at did he
he do at the University of St Petersburg?
Petersb urg?
3 Where
Wh ere did he spend his
his student work placement?
placem ent?
C for
In pairs, discuss
tackling Vicky’s and
the question Pie te
about ter’s
r’s techniques
their techniqu es
educational
background.
backgr ound. W hose technique is more successful?
60 Unit
Un it 5 Advanced
Advanced intervie
inte rview
w techniques
d ► s j Listen to Pieter’s answer again. Which of the following competencies

does he demonstrate or suggest?
• customer service skills • teamworking
teamwo rking • goal orientation
• flexibility • leadership • communication skills
skills
• org
organisa
anisationa
tionall skills • decision-making skills • interper
inter persona
sonall skills
e In pairs, talk about your educatio

educational
nal experience.
experience. T
Try
ry to dem
demonstra
onstrate
te or
suggest several of the competencies in Exercise 2d. Try to guess what
competencies your partner is focusing on.
f ^5.6 Listen to another extract from Vicky’s interview and answer the
1 What prob
proble
lem
m d
did
id Gre
Green
en Pharmaceu
Pharmaceuticaticals
ls ha
have?
ve?
2 W ha t did Vicky do to tackle this pro
problem
blem??
3 W ha t was the effect of Vicky’s actio
actions?
ns?
g Vicky uses the STAR method to structure her answer.

Underline phrases in her response that describe the four
sections.
1 Situation
Situation (the
(the pro
problem
blem Green
Green Pharmaceuticals was faci
facing
ng))
2 Target (the solution to this proble
problem)
m)
3 Action (what Vicky did
did to solve the problem)
4 Result (the results of her actions)
At the moment
moment I spend a lot of time time travelling
travelling between AsiaAs ia and Europe
Europ e worworkiking
ng
with
with regional
region al teams orga organising
nising edu
education
cational
al event
events,
s, so I use both of these
these skills
skills
on a re
regu
gular
lar basis. L Let
et me give you an example. As you know, the Chinese Chinese
m arket is growing iin n all area
areas,
s, including pharm
pha rmaceu
aceuticals.
ticals. Howev
However, er, a
att the ti
time,
me,
Green Pharm ace aceutica
uticals
ls felt they didn’
didn ’t have enough con contacts
tacts in Chi
China.
na. It was
clear
cle ar th
that
at the sit
situation
uation wawasn’
sn’tt very good for us. us. We needed to improve thin things.
gs.
So in order to increase our number of contacts in China I decided to organise a
pharm
pha rmaceu
aceutical
tical confer
conference
ence iin
n Beijing.
Beijing. It was my respo
responsibili
nsibility
ty to en
ensure
sure that all all
the right
right people were invited.
invited. I really
re ally had to use all my skills a att communicati
communicating, ng,
in both English and MandarinMan darin,, to persuad
pers uade e people
peo ple to participa
pa rticipate.
te. In tthe
he end
end
my hard work resu resulted
lted in a success
successful ful confe
conference,
rence, with
with our employees
emp loyees meeting
meeting
and talking to the right people. As a m atter of fact this conference conference was suc suchha a
success that
tha t it iis
s now an annual event,event, and has led directly to closer professiona
professionall
relationships between Green Pharmaceuticals and key contacts in China.
h Add one phrase from Vicky’s answer in Exercise 2g to each column in the
following table.
Situation
Situa tion Target
Target Action Result
there was a time when ... what neede
neededd to be done was ... therefore I ..
.... this resulted in ...
I discov
discovered
ered th a t...
t. .. it was
was very import
important
ant th a t ... I org
organi
anised
sed ... this le
led
d to ...
i Add the phrase

phrasess iin
n the box
box to the tab
table
le in Exercise 2h.
I agreed
agreed to ... I wanted to be a bit more
more ...
.. . probably the best examp
example
le is ...
s o l... So it all work
worked
ed out in the en
end.
d. the pr
prob
oblem
lem wa
wass ...
there was one time when ... we actu
actually
ally e
ended
nded up ...
Unit
Un it 5 Advance
Advanced
d intervie
inte rview
w techniques 61
j In pairs, take
ta ke turns
turn s to ask and answ er the
th e following common competency-
competency-
based question, ‘Te‘Tell
ll me abo ut a time when you had to resol
resolve
ve a diffic ult
situation
k ^5.1 Listen to Vicky’s response to the question in Exercise 2j. In pairs,

discuss the following questions.
1 What was
was tth
he prob
proble
lem?
m?
2 W ha t did Vicky do to solve the proble
pro blem?
m?
3 W ha t skills did Vicky use
use to solve the problem?
probl em?
4 Would you havehave handled the situation in the same way?
I ► 5.7Vicky uses a range of expressions to structure

structu re her answer. Complete
her answer using the phrases in the box. Listen again and check your
answers.
Anyway, wha
whatt happened was As soon as I managed to
I then In the en
end
d It was very important
So I decided to There was a ti
time
me when
Unfortunately
Unfortu nately this meant tha t which I'd org
organised
anised before
beforehand
hand
Okay. (1 ) T U e ve ^ H w e wUew / was organising a conference here

in London. It was a couple of months ago, and it was a really important
conference. (2) __________ one of the main guestgue st speakers,
speak ers, who was due to give
the opening
opening address, had his flight flight cance
ca ncelled
lled and wasn’
wasn ’t sure if he was going to
make it on time. ( 3 ) ___________ the participants were happy with the conference,
and I knew they would be disappointed if he didn didn’’t show up.
up. (4 )
___________ try
and find another flight for the speaker. After a bit of negotiating with a different
airline, ( 5 )
___________ get him booked onto a slightly later flight. (6) __________
even if he came straigh

s traightt fro
from
m the airport,
airpo rt, he would still be a b it late for the
the
opening
openi ng address. I took
took a risk and hoped that he wasn’ w asn’tt going
going to be delayed
delaye d
any more. ( 7 ) __________ he
he’’d landed I contacted
con tacted him,
him, and whenwhen I knew he was
in a taxi
tax i and onon his way, which
which was abouab outt five minutes before he was supposed
to be on stage, I got up on the stage. stage. (8)
___________ told
told the participan
participants
ts about
ab out
the situation and I invited them to have some coffee and cakes while we waited,
(9) Actually, they liked this, as it was a chance to network a little
and get to know know some of thethe other conference
conference participants. When the speakerspea ker
did finally arrive, it was actually difficult to get everybody back in the main
hall. (10) I managed to keep everybody happy and ensure that the
___________
conference went as smoothly as possible.
m Which tense
ten se does Vicky mainly use
use to give
give the key events of her story?
story ?
(I In pairs,
pairs, discuss what
wha t makes the following sentence
senten ce from
from Vicky’
Vick y’s
s answer
answe r
memorable.
When the speaker did finally arrive, it was actually difficult to get everybody
everybody
back in the main hall.
Un
Unit
it 5 Advanced
Advanced inte
intervie
rview
w techniques
techniques

Interview anecdotes are more likely to be interesting and memorable if

they include some surprisin
su rprising
g information.
information . In Vicky’s anecdote
anecdo te in Exercise 21
she introduces a surprising fact with the word actually. You can also use in
fa ct or as a m atter o f fact.
fact. Make the following sentences more memorable
using in fact, actua lly o
orr as a m atter o f fact.
fact. Several answers are possible.
1 My boss wasn’t convinced that it was worth investing in India. However, my
research managed to prove that it was.
2 As a result of my
my actions,
actions, what could have been a disa
disaster
ster turned out to bebe
a big success.
3 My work had really helped, and I thought that I would be be invited
invitedto join the
marketing team permanently, but I was invited to lead the team!
4 I believed my suggestions would
would lead to bigger profits.
profits. What
Wh at I didn’t
didn’texpect
expect
was that profits at the company would grow by nearly 20%!
In pairs, take turns to ask and answer one of the questions in Exercise
1a on page 59. Use the STAR diagram you prepared in Exercise 1j and
expressions from this section to structure your answers. Try to make your
anecdotes surprising and memorable.
Talking about your weaknesses

Turning negatives into positives
In an interview you will almost certainly face challenging questions which
atte mpt to assess your

attempt you r suitabilit
suitabilityy for the job
job.. It is vital to avoid gettin
gettingg caught
in the trap of saying negative things about yourself. Preparing for these
‘difficult’ questions will help you keep your answers positive.
3 a ► 5.8A recent graduate,

grad uate, Jar ek , has been invited
invited for an interview with an
international financial company. He arranges to meet up with his friend,
Olivia, who has been working there for a couple of years. Listen to their
conversation and answer the following questions.
1 Who is goin
goingg to inter
intervi
view
ew Jare k?
2 Why did Jare
Ja re k quit
quit his
his last job?
3 Wh at general
general advice does Olivia givgive
e Ja re k ?
b Compare Jarek’s and Olivia’s answers to the question, ‘ Why did you leave
ob?' Complete Olivia’s answer using the words in the box.

your last jjob?'
although develop feel further liked position
stretched working
Ja re k ’s answer: Olivi

Ol ivia’
a’s
s answer:
I hated my las t job, I couldn’
cou ldn’tt stand (1) / really (2)
(2)
------- my
the boss. He used to drive me crazy!craz y! job, and the people
peo ple I was (3) -----
... I handed
hand ed in my notice and left as with,
with, I didn’
didn ’t ( 4 ) I was being
soon as I could. (5) enough. I ’m looking for fo r a
(6) in which I can ( 7 ) ______
my professional skills (8) ________
In pairs, discuss how you would answer the following questions.

1 What ar
are
e you
yourr wea
weakn
knes
esse
ses?
s?
2 Tell
Tell me abo ut something
somethi ng you
you have found
found difficult at work.
Unit
Un it 5 Advan
Advanced
ced interview
inte rview techniques 63
d In pairs, try to complete the following advice with a suitable word. Do you
agree with the advice?
1 In response to open qu
questions
estions you shoul
should
d never actively volu
volunteer
nteer
_________ information during an interview.
interview.
2 Employers like to ask you to give negative information not t o _____________
you, but to see what sort of person you are.
3 You will seem much
much more employabl
emplo yable
e if you can
can show yours
yourself
elf as someone
someo ne
who sees problems a s ____
_________
__________
______
_
4 Questions
Ques tions about weaknesses are actually a chance to demo
demonstrate
nstrate how you
tackle and overcome ______________ , and why you are the right person for
the job.
e ► 5.9Listen to three differe

different
nt candid
can didates
ates responding to a question about
abou t
their weaknesses. Match the candidates (1-3) to the techniques they use
for tackling this question (a-c). Which answer did you like the most? Why?
a Ta
Talk
lk about
abo ut a character
char acter flaw that
tha t c
could
ould ultimately be viewed as a posit
positive
ive
characteristic.
b Ta
Talk
lk abo
about
ut something that is no longer a weakness. Mention
M ention how you
overcame the weakness and that you have solved similar problems more
recently.
c Ta
Talk
lk about
abo ut a knowledge-based
knowledge-based weakness, which
which is easily overcome.
overcome. Mention
Ment ion
why this weakness isn’t a serious problem and what steps you are actively
taking to solve the problem.
___
Candidate 1
Candidate 2 ___
Candidate 3 ___
f In pairs, discuss the advantages of each technique.
g Which of the three candidates

candidate s in
in Exerc
Exercise
ise 3e used
used the
the STAR technique to
to
answer this question?
Softening and emphasis

When answering interview questions that require negative information you
should soften any negatives in your response and emphasise any positive
information.
4 a Look at the first candid

can didate
ate’’s response
respon se from Exercise 3e 3e.. In pairs, discuss
why the candidate doesn’t simply say, ‘I ‘In to procra stinate.’
n the pa st I used to
in their first sentence.
Well, in the p as
astt I sometimes used to pro procracrastin
stinate
ate a little. There were times
times
when
whe n I used to put things off until the the last
la st minute,
minute, when
when completing
com pleting an essa
es sayy for
for
university
unive rsity for examp
example.le. But
B ut I realised
realise d that
tha t perhaps
perhap s thi
this
s wasn’
w asn’tt the most effective
effective
way of working and so I started setting a strict schedule for all my projects projects
well in advance
advanc e and setse t myself
myse lf personal
perso nal deadlines. Using a schedule has has
really
rea lly helped me and I ’m mu muchch better organised
o rganised now and able to take on more more
projects a t the same ti time
me..
64 Uni
Unit 5 Advanced inter
ntervi
view
ew techniques

b Unde
Underline
rline any words or phrases in the extract in Exercise 4a that
th at soften
negatives and emphasise positives.
C ► 5.9Complete
9Comple te the second candid
can did ate
ate’’s response
respo nse using always, really or very.
very.
Hmm. My
Hmm. M y weak
w eakness
nesses?
es? Let me think
think.. Well, in answer
answ er tto
o your question you
mentioned that the sta ff here use Apple
App le Macin
Macintosh
tosh computers
com puters.. I am not (1 ]
______
fam iliar wit

with
h Apple M
Mac
acss and I ’m used to using Windows.
Windows. However,
However, I managed
man aged to
learn how to use a number of programs ( 2 ) quickly on my own and I’m
sure I ’d get used to using
using Apple M Macs
acs ( 3) quickly. I ( 4) enjoy using
computers and new gadgets, and I ’m ( 5 ) keen to learn how to use new
technology.
d ► 5.9Complete the third can

candid
didate’s
ate’s response by adding the words in the bo
box.
x.
a bit of a little
litt le a lot of as ... as possible
possible
extremely occasionally very
<
a bif oP
Weakness
Wea knesses?
es? Well
Well,, I can b
bee ja workaholic and always get involved
involved in every project
project
thatt I work
tha work on.
on. I ’m hap
happypy to spend time
time and energy
en ergy making sure that
tha t every
every
project
pro ject is successful. So, when
when I feel
fee l that
tha t other members of the team might not be
be
working
situati aslike
situations
ons hard,
thisI by
canbeing
get frustrated. I ’menthusias
positive and aware
en o
offtic.
this
thusiastic . problem, and
an d I try to solve
solve
e In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1 W ha t structure did the first candidate use to describe a problem
problem that no longe
longerr
exists? Why is this structure especially suitable here?
2 W ha t tense did she use to show the present result of her new strategy
strat egy for
dealing with this problem?
3 The second
second candidate said that he wasn’t familiar with Apple Macs. Wha t
structure did he use to show what he is familiar with? What structure did he
use to show how he would become familiar with Apple Macs in the future?
4 W ha t modal verb did
did the third candidate use to show that her weaknesses
weaknesses
don’t always affect her?
f Rewrite these descriptions of weaknesses us

using
ing the expressions
expressions in brackets
to soften the negative information.
1 I have
have difficulty
difficulty making
making decisio
decisions,
ns, (occasionally
(occasionally / a little)
little)
2 I used to be too stubborn

stubb orn and
an d it was har
hardd to get me to change
chang e my mind, (a bit /
sometimes)
3 When
Wh en working
worki ng on
on projects I am a ‘big pictur
pic ture’
e’ person. This means that
tha t I miss
some details,
d etails, (from
(from time
tim e to time
tim e / might / minor)
Unit
Un it 5 Adv
Advance
anced
d interview
inte rview techniques
techniqu es 65
► 5.10 Match
Ma tch the sentences
sente nces (1- 3) in Exercise
Exe rcise 4 f to the rest of the
candidates’ answers (a-c). Listen and check your answers.
a A former colleague of mine told me that I was becoming difficult to work
work
with
with.. Well, ever
e ver since then I have put
p ut significant effort into
into my teamworking
teamworking
skills and now I actively ask for advice and suggestions from my colleagues colleagues
when
whe n making decisions.
decisions. Last
Las t year
ye ar I was even asked to chair weekly staff
meetings while our boss was away on business.
business.
b This is because I pay a lot of attention to detail and make sure that every every
single decision
decision I make is the best
bes t decision
decision possible.
possible. Ba sica lly, I ’m somebody
somebody
who carefully considers all of the available options before making a choice. choice.
c I ’ve been aware
aw are o f this for some time.
time. So now when I’ I ’m managing a project
pro ject
I make sure that I have the support I need to keep an eye on specific minor
minor
details, leaving
lea ving me free
free to concen
con centrate
trate on managing
man aging the entire project. I
I
think successful management is about getting the right team together and and
then completely trusting them to do the job you’ve given them.
1 ___ 2 _____ 3 ____
Underline words in the extracts in Exercise 4g that emphasise positives.
► 5.11 Listen to a candid

can didate
ate,, Adam,
Ada m, answ
a nswerin
ering
g the questio
qu estion,
n, ‘ What is it
about you r job tha t you dislike ?’ In pairs, discuss the techniques he uses to
dislike?’
turn his response into an impressive positive answer.
Match the negative expressions (1 -6) to the more positive expressions
(a-f). Which expressions did Adam use in Exercise 4i?

1 I'm bored with my job
job.. It
It's
's too easy.A a I enjoy a great deal about my current job.
2 I can't stand
stand dealing with j b I'm keen to develop my practical skills.
customers. c I'm looking for an opportunity to
contribute these skills to a larger
3 The place whe
where
re I work is too small. I
organisation such as yours.
4 I don'
don'tt have
have ma
many
ny profes
professio
sional
nal 1 ,
I feel I'm best suited to working behind the
skills. \
scenes.
5 I only know the theory. \e I'm seeking fresh challenges.
6 The
There
re are things tha
thatt I don't like at f I'm seeking the possibility to develop
work. further professionally.
In pairs, take turns to ask and answer the following questions. Use the
techniques and expressions in this section to soften any negatives and
emphasise the positives in your responses.
1 What ar
aree your
your weak
weakneness
sses
es??
2 Tel
elll me ab
abou
outt somethi
som ething
ng you have found difficult
diffic ult at university/work.
3 W ha t skills do you need to improve?
impr ove?
4 W ha t kinds of decisions are most difficult
difficultfor
for youto
youto make?
5 Wh at did you dislike about university / your last job?
jo b?
Un
Unit
it 5 Advanced
Advanced intervie
inte rview
w techniques
Asking questions of your own

It is very common for interviewers to close an interview by asking if the candidate
has any questions they would like to ask. People who ask good questions
demonstrate real interest in and knowledge of the job.

1 Wh at sort of inf
inform
ormatio
ation
n sho
should
uld you
you try to find
find out d
during
uring y
your
our intervi
interview?
ew?
2 W ha t questions would you ask iin
n an interview in your country?
countr y?
3 Are there any questions
questions you wouldn’
wouldn’tt ask ? Why no t?
4 Would yo
you
u ask about sala ry?
b Read the following extract from an article about asking questions in an

interview. Which do you think is the best question?
'
‘
O
'

opportunity works for you, not c What are the most important
Questions to ask against you. issues that you think the
&
ob hunters are always being told Pick and choose from the following organisation fac es?
J
list of tried-and-tested questions.
questions. Could vou tell me more about the
to ask one or two killer questions
in an interview. But how exactly do training opportunities you offe r?
offer?
you go about doing this? a What are the mo st/le as t enj enjoy
oyabl e, e Could
able, yo u tell me how
he role?
aspects o f tthe rf or m an ce is m ea su re d an d
pe rfor
It’
It’ss important to consider the culture reviewed?
b You mentioned there would be a
of the organisation you are hoping ld there be a chance fo r
lot o f resear
res ear chi
ching. te ll f Wou
ng. C ou ld yo u tell Would
to join and the personality of the pr om otio
ot ion
n in the fu tu re ?
me what your most successful
interviewer. Be careful to adopt the Do yo u ab out
ha ve an y do ub ts about
employees fin d most satisfying
right tone and convey a positive about this part o f the role
role?
? g whether I am suited to this
attitude. You want to ensure this po siti
si tion
on ?
<«
C Match
Matc h the questions in
in the article (a-g)
(a- g) to the following
following expert advice (1-7).
1 This questio
questionn can highlight
highlight that you
you are keen
keen to develop
develop your skil
skills
ls an
and
d add
further value to a company.
2 This question can emphasise
emphasis e your determina
deter mination
tion to make progress and and to do
so over the long term ____
3 This question can demonstra
demo nstrate
te your listening skil
skills,
ls, and associat
associates
es you
you with
being successful in the role, as well as finding it satisfying ____
4 This question can show tha
thatt yo
you
u like to know what s sort
ort of challenge you are
going to face and that you like to get properly prepared for it ----
5 This question ca
can
n demonstr
demo nstrate
ate that you appreciat
appr eciate
e the importance o off
delivering
deliver ing re sults .___
6 This question c can
an show that you are interested in the employer as well
well as the
job. It will be clear
cl ear you have done some research, done some thinking, and are
now keen to hear their analysis ____
7 This question is a rather
rath er bold way of emphasising
emphasisin g some of
of your strengths. It
suggests you are open to constructive criticism and willing to learn from the
experience of others. In addition, it gives you a real chance to address any
weaknesses
weakne sses the employe
e mployerr may think you have. Finally, it allows you to finish
finish on
a high, restating why you think you are the right person ____
Unit
Un it 5 Adva
Advanced
nced interview
inte rview techniques 67
d Look at four versions of the same question (a-d). In pairs, discuss

discuss the
1 Which
Which ve
versi
rsion
on is the mos
mostt as
asserti
sertive?
ve?
2 Which version is the most delica
delicate/tent
te/tentative?
ative?
3 Which would you use?
I noticed from your brochure that you are actively involved in several projects
projects
to support the loca
lo call community.
community.
a If I were
w ere to work
work for you, would
would that
tha t be something
something I could
co uld get involved in?
in ?
b If I work for you,
you, will that be something
something I can get
ge t involved in?
in?
c If I worked for you, would that be something I could get involved in? in?
d If I work for you,
you, is that something
something I can get
g et involved in?
e Complete the
the following
following cand idate’s questions with your
your own
own ideas.
ideas.
1 Could
ould you te
tell
ll me
me mmor
ore
e abou t ____________________________________________
2 Wh at are the most

most imp ortan t _____________________________________________
3 Could you tell me h o w ____________________________________________________
4 Would there be a ch an ce _________________________________________________
5 Do you h av e ______________________________________________________________
f It is important
impo rtant to show you
you are listening actively to the interview
in terview er’s
er’s
response to your question. In pairs, take turns to ask and answer your
questions in Exercise 5e. Remember to show you are listening actively by:
• keeping eye contact with the interviewer;
• nodding your head;

• making noises and short comments to show you understand [OK / Really? /
noises
I see);
• parap
paraphrasin
hrasing
g what the
the interviewer has just told you (so you’re saying
intervie wer has
Dealing with telephone interviews

Employers often use telephone interviews for recruitment, as a way of screening
large numbers of applicants before selecting a smaller pool of candidates for
face-to-face interviews.
6 3 In pairs, discuss the following

questions.
1 Would
Would youyou prefe
preferr tto
o have
have an
interview face-to-face or on the
telephone?
2 Wh y is it increasingly popular
popul ar
for initial interviews to be held
over the phone?
3 Wh at are the advantages of
telephone interviews for the
candidate?
4 When
Whe n is the best time to
arrange a telephone interview?
5 Wh y should you smile during a
telephone interview?
6 W ha t is the can
candid
did ate’s main aim in
in most telephone
telep hone interview
inter views?
s?
68 Unit
Un it 5 Advance
Advanced
d interview
interv iew techniques
b Read the following article and compare the advice with your answers in
Exercise 6a.
Tackling telephone interviews
I I is common practice these days for initial During the interview you should:
first interviews to be held over the phone. • smile, as this w ill help you to relax and project
a positive image to the interviewer and will
The main reason for this is that it significantly alter the tone of your voice.
reduces the cost for employers, who often use • speak slow ly and clearly. It's perfectly
telephone interviews as a method of filtering acceptable to ta
take
ke your time when answering
candidates before moving on to face-to-face questions.

interviews. Telephone interviews also have • give short,
short, mem orable
orab le answers.
benefits for the applicants as well. As well as • use the person's
person's title (M r or Ms and their last
the obvious financial saving, an applicant may name). Only use a first name if you are invited
feel more relaxed within their own environment to.
to.
surrounded by their CV and research materials to • keep a copy
cop y of your CV open next to you, so
aid them. You also don't have to wear a suit! that it's at your fingertips when you need it.
It is essential that you organise a time for a • have a pen and paper
pape r next to you so that you
telephone interview that is convenient for can make notes if you need to.
you. You should suggest a time when you are Remember that your goal is to try and set up a
unlikely to be disturbed, when you are in a quiet face-to-face interview. At the end of the interview
environment and you are confident that you have ask if it would be possible to meet in person.
prepared sufficiently to convince the interviewer
"
you are interview.

second the right person for the job, or at least a
C Alex Mencken has recently applied for a number

number of administrative
assistant jobs with theatres. A potential employer calls him for a telephone
interview. However, as Alex has applied to many theatres he cannot
remember the specific details about the theatre when he receives the
unexpected call. In pairs, discuss what you would do in Alex’s situation.
d 5.12Listen to the telep

te lepho
hone
ne c
conve
onversatio
rsationn between
betw een Alex and
a nd John
Jo hn
Bradshaw from King’s Theatre. What do you think of the way Alex dealt
with the conversation? Do you think he handled the conversation well?
e ^5.
^5.12List
12Listen
en again and complete the conversation
conversation..
Joh n:
John: Hello. Con
Hello. Con I speak to Alex Mencken pleas p lease?
e?
Alex: This is Alex. (1 )------------------ ?
John:
Joh n: Hello, Ale
Alex.
x. M y name is John Bradsha
Brad shaw w and I ’m calling
calling fro
from
m King’
K ing’s
Theatre regarding your yo ur recen
recentt ap
applica
plication
tion for
fo r a position with us.
us. Is this
this
a good time for you?
Alex: Oh,, (2 )
Oh _____________________ Unfortunately I have about ten minutes
before I have to leave. Is that enough time, or can you call back later later
this afternoon?
Joh n:
John: That would be fine. (3 ) ___________________ ? I ’m free after aft er 2pm.
Alex: How about 2.30 ?
John:
Joh n: Perfect. I ’ll call you at 2.30.
Alex: Great. (A )_____________________
Joh n:
John: Yes
es.. So do I. Speak
Spea k to you later. Goodbye.
G oodbye.
Alex: Bye.
Un it 5 Adv
Advanc
anced
ed inte rvie w techniques 69
► 5.13At 2.30pm
2.30p m Alex is sitting comfortably, he has
ha s thoroughly
thoro ughly researched
researc hed
the position at King’s Theatre and he has a copy of his CVin
CV in front
fron t of him.
him.
When
Whe n John Bradshaw
Brad shaw calls for the intervi
interview,
ew, Alex is feelingwell-prepared.
feelingwell-prepared.
Listen to an extract
ex tract from the interview and answer
an swer the following
questions.
1 Wha t re
respo
spons
nsibi
ibilit
lities
ies doe
does
s John mention?
mention?
2 Would
Woul d the suc
successf
cessful
ul applican
applicantt receive help
help to do this job?
jo b?
3 Why does Alex have problems hearing Jo hn ?
4 How does King’s Theatre
Thea tre support
suppor t new talen
tal ent?
t?
► 5.13 Listen again and tick (✓

(✓)) the
th e phrase
ph rases
s you hear.
1 I ’m sorry, could you
you say
sa y that
tha t again?
again ? ✓
2 I didn’t quite catch what you said.
3 I ’m having trouble hearing you. Can you hear
he ar me clear
cle arly?
ly?
4 Could you explain what you mean by ...?
5 So, if I understand you correctly
co rrectly ...
6 Do you mean ...?
7 Could you elaborate a little on ...?
8 Could you tell me what that would involve?
Decide whether the phrases (1-8 ) in Ex Exercise

ercise 6g ask for repetition (R),
clarification (C) or more information (I).
1_R_ 2 3 ___ 4 _____ 5 6 7 8 ___
► 5.14Complete
Comp lete the
t he following extracts
extra cts from telep
t elephon
honee interviews
interv iews using the
phrases in Exercise 6g. Listen and check your answers.
1 Cand
Candiidat
date: CaulA you expWh wIa^F you by piece rates?
Interviewer: Piecew
Piecework
ork is a form of performance-related pay, where you
would be paid a fixed piece rate for each unit you produce.
2 Candidate: I ’m sorry,coul
sorry,could
d you say that again, as
?
Interviewer: Yesof cou

Yesof coursrse.
e. M y name is M r Johnson
Johnso n and I'
I'm
m calli
ca lling
ng to
discuss your application for an internship here at Ariel Ariel
Publishers.
3 Candidate: ________________________ that when the company is busy I
would be required to work overtime?
Interviewer: Yes. B u t of course overtime rates are h
higher
igher than
than normal
no rmal
pay.
4 Candidate: _______________________
Interviewer: Yes, I can hea

h earr you perfec
pe rfectly
tly this end,
end, although if
i f you can
c an ’t
hear me well, perhaps I’ll try and call you back on a landline.
landline.
5 Candidate: Your
Your advertisement
advertisemen t mentions
mentions adma dministrative
inistrative work
work..
Interviewer: Well, bas

b asica
ically
lly it means keeping our
ou r records up-to-d
up-to-dat ate
e and
sending a weekly email to our clients.
6 Candidate: , what you’
you ’re saying is the
the job may
involve some overtime?
Interviewer: Yes, but you would be paid extra for this.
this.
In pairs, practise the dialogues in Exercise 6i.
Unit
Un it 5 Adva
Advanced
nced intervie
inte rview
w techniques
In pairs, role play a telephone interview. Sit back-to-back.

Studen t A, you are the interviewer.
Student interviewer. Interview the can
candidate
didate for a job you
you
know well. Use the following phrases.
Let me start by outlining the main aspects of the position and
then we'll see how closely your skills and experience match the
job. OK?
OK?
One
One of the main responsibilities
respons ibilities of the post holder is to ...
Another part of the job is ...
The role would also require ...
What experience do you have in the area of ...?
Tell me
me about a time when you had to ...
How do your skills and experience match the requirements for
this position?
Student B, you are the candidate. Answer the questions honestly. Use the
following clarification phrases.
I'm sorry, could you say that again?
I didn't quite catch what you said.
Could you explain what you mean by ...?
So, if I understand you correctly ...?
Could you elaborate a little on ...?
Could you tell me what that would involve?
After the interview, give feedback to each other. Swap roles and practise
again.
In pairs, tell your partner about a job you would like to be interviewed for.
Look through units 4 and 5 and choose five questions to ask your partner,
based on the job they have chosen. Then take turns to ask and answer your
questions. Try to use the techniques from these units to make your answers
as impressive as possible.
Unit
Un it 5 Adv
Advanc
anced
ed interv
interview
iew techniques
Keeping in touch
Handling rejection
Dealing with job offers
Negotiating terms and
conditions
Keeping in touch
As soon as you’ve put the phone down or walked out of the
interview room you can relax for a few moments. The interview
is over. However, even though the interview is over, there is still a
lot you can do to leave a positive impression on your prospective
employer. It’s important to start the follow-up process as soon
as possible. Walking away and leaving the final stages of a job
application to chance is a common mistake, but until you have
been offered the job, the hunt is not over.

1 What can you do after an interview to increase your chances of
being offered
offered the job ?
2 How long should you wait to hear from the interviewer? What should you do
if you don’t hear from the interviewer after the interview?
3 What should you do if you’re offered another job?
After the interview you should write down everything important that
occurred in the interview while you can still remember what happened. Why
could it be useful to review your performance in this way?
In pairs, think of an interview you have had in the past and discuss the
1 What ques
questi
tion
onss wer
were
e you
you as
asked?
ked?
2 Were you expecting them ?
3 Did you feel you projected yourself well in terms of body langu
language?
age?
4 Did you manage to put across your key skills and achieveme
achievements
nts successfully?
5 Did you give any negative information about
abo ut yourself?
yourse lf?
6 Do you need more practice in closing the interview positiv
positively?
ely?
7 Generally, what could you improve about
abo ut your intervi
interview
ew tech
techniqu
nique?
e?
8 Did you ask yourself these questions after the intervie
inte rview?
w?
72 Unit
Un it 6 Follow
Fo llow up
d ►6.1 A fter
fte r her interview at Fut
Futerra
erra,, Silvia Carnali
Carn ali meets up with her
friend Sophie to talk about how it went. Listen to the beginning of the
conversation and answer the following questions.
1 Di
Did
d Silvia’s
Silvia’s iinte
ntervi
rview
ew go
go well?
well?
2 Wh at does
does Sophie suggest
suggest Silvia does
does next?
3 Wh at is Silvia worried about?
abo ut?
e In pairs, discuss the following advice on writing

writin g a fol
follow
low-up
-up letter. For each
each
suggestion, think of reasons why it is a good idea.
1 Send the letter
letter withi
within
n 24 hours of the inte
intervie
rview.
w.
2 Refer to specific things that the interviewer mentioned during the interview
interview..
3 Demonstrate
Demo nstrate that you are excited about
abo ut the job, can
can do it,
it, and want it.
it.
4 Explain how you would be able to contribute
contrib ute to the
the success
success of the company.
company.
5 Include any important
impo rtant information you
you forgot to mention
mention during the
interview.
f ► m Listen to the rest of Silvia and Sophie’s conversation and compare

your answers inin Exercise l e with Sophie’s
Soph ie’s ideas.
g Complete Sil
Silvia
via ’s follow
follow-up
-up let
letter
ter by putting the following sentences
sentenc es in the
correct order.
a ... the challenges of
of the post.
post. Having discussed
discussed the role
role of Juni
Ju nior
or Consultant
with you in greater depth, I am confident in my ability to meet these
challenges and believe I can make a significant...
b With this in mind

mind I have
have already developed some practical ideas for making
the Futerra newsletter and website more user-friendly, which would lead to
closer communication with key clients. Please feel free to contact me if you
require any further information ...
c As mentioned
mentio ned when we
we met, I am keen to use
use the research conducted
cond ucted as
part of my Master’s degree on sustainability to enhance Futerra’s identity,
while at the same time meeting ...
d ... as I feel my qualificat

quali fications
ions and experience
experi ence make me ideally
idea lly suited to
to work
in this area. I recognise the importance of maintaining relationships and
ensuring that newsletters and invitations are sent out on a timely basis.
e ... regarding my qualifications, experience or suitability

suitabili ty for the position.
position. I
look forward ...
f ... contribution to
to the close team at Futerra. I am particularly
particularl y interested in
the projects you mentioned during the interview which involve working with
influential business leaders, ...
g ... at Futerra. I appreciate

appr eciate the time you
you and your team took in telling me
me
about the specific aspects of the job and the valuable work Futerra is doing.
h Dear M r Lewis, Thank you very much for taking the time
time to interview me
today for the Junior Consultant position ...
i ... to hearing from you soon,

soon, and thank
than k you again for meeting me.
me. Yours
Yours
sincerely, Silvia Carnali
1 A_ 3 ___ 5 _________ 7 9____

2 ___ 4 ___ 6 _________ 8 ____
Unit
Un it 6 Follow up 73

The letter in Exercise 1g is one long paragraph. Show where new

paragrap
para graphs
hs could begin by writing //
// in the text. Use the following structure
structur e
to help you.
Greeting
Paragraph 1: Reason for writing (thanking the interviewer for the interview
and showing that you appreciated the opportunity and were impressed by the
company)
Paragraph 2: The job (restating your interest in the position, showing you
understand the demands and challenges of the position and stating how and
why you feel you are confident you can meet these)
Paragraph 3: Reflection and extra information (demonstrating that you have

thought about what was said during the interview and have already started
thinking of ways of approaching the job)
Paragraph 4: Final comments (expressing enthusiasm towards the job and
inviting the possibility of a second interview)
Formal ending
Signature
Complete the following table using the phrases in the box. You will need to
use one phrase twice.
As mentioned-
entio ned-when w weemmetet ..:
Having discussed the role with you in greater depth ...
I am confident in my ab ability
ility to meet the challenges ....
..
I am particularly interested in the projects that you talked about during
the interview
I appreciate the time you and the team took in telling me about the
specific aspects of the job
I believe I can make a significant contribution towards ...
I feel I am pperfec
erfectly
tly suit
suited
ed fo r ...
I look for
forward
ward to hearing from you
Thank you for taking the time to discuss ...
This helped me gain a better understanding of ...
1 Demonstrates
Demonstrates appreciation of the int
interv
erview
iew 2 Demonstrates
Demonstrates int
intere
erest
st and enthusiasm towar
towards
ds the
position
3 Demonstrates confidence in your ab ility

ilit y to do the 4 Demonstrates
Demonstrates that
tha t you paid attention
atten tion to what wa
was
s
job sa
said
id
A s wewHov\e<A wUew we i*\ef ...
Unit
Un it 6 Follow u
up
p

Complete the following extracts from follow-up letters using the phrases in
Exercise 1i.
1 theinsurance broker position with me. A fter meeting
with you and discussing the company’s operations, I am further convinced that
my background and skills coincide well with your needs.
2 I would lik
like
e to thank
than k you
you for talking with me about the Research Assista
As sistant
nt
position
position at Mendoza
Mend oza and learning more about me.
3 The information youyou provided about
abou t the planned new product line was
particularly interesting__________________________ the company’s goals and
objectives.
4 Wit
Withh my recent experience
experie nce in climbing and mountaineering
mountaineerin g
________________________
the position of Expedition Leader. After the interview,
I am even more excited at the prospect of using my skills at Global Adventures.
5 You
You mentioned that
tha t a hiring decision would
would be made within
within two weeks.
weeks.
________________________ . If you require any additional information from me in
the meantime, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Handling rejection
Learning from failure
Almost nobody has succeeded in getting every job they have
ever applied for. There will almost certainly be times when,
despite your best efforts, you don’t get the job.
2 a ► 6.3Job seeker
seek er Paul
Pau l has just received a rejection lette
le tterr
from a bank he was hoping to work for. Listen to Paul
talking to his friend Carmen and mark the following
statements True (T) or False (F).
1 Paul
Paul was reje
rejected
cted because
because he didn’t
didn’t really
really want tthe
he job.
job.
F
2 Carmen thinks Paul was rejected because
becaus e he
he wa
wasn’t
sn’t a
strong
stro ng can didate ____
3 Carmen thinks interviewers
intervie wers sometimes
sometim es alre ady know
know who
is likely to get a job before the interview happens. ___
4 Carmen thinks a candidate
cand idate who already
alre ady knows the
interviewers has a good chance of getting the job ---
5 Carmen thinks that
tha t most
most interviews are open and fair---
6 Paul has written to request feedback
feedba ck ____
7 Carmen thinks Paul still has a chance of working for
for the bank.
b In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1 Have yo
you
u ever been
been reject
rejected
ed for
for a job? How did
did it feel?
2 Think of as many reasons as you can
can why a candida
can didate
te may not be offered a job
after an interview.
3 Som
Some e people handle failure b
by
y forgetting all
all about their unsuccessful
unsuccessful
application and turning immediately to the next one. Others spend a lot of
time analysing what went wrong and what they could have done better. What
are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach? Which approach do
you use?
4 Have y
you
ou ever requested feedback after an unsuccessful
unsuccessful inte rview?
rvie w? Was it a
useful experience?
U nit 6 Follow up 75
Requesting feedback
In order for your next job application to be more successful it is essential to
know why you didn’
did n’tt get this job.
job. Did somebo
somebody
dy else manage to convince the
employer that they were the best person
person for the job? Wh at skill
skills
s or experience
did the other applicant have that you lacked? Or was it you that made a
mistake during your interview? Reviewing your performance will help you to
answer some of these questions, but it is also perfectly acceptable to ask an
employer why you didn’t get the job.
Complete Paul’s letter requesting

feedback about his interview Dear Mr Brookcr,
using the phrases in the box.
Thank you for your letter informing me that my recent application fo
I am confident employment with your bank has been unsucc
unsuccessful.
essful.
I am grateful (1) I <nppy
<nppyed<
ed<nfe
nfe<A
<A H \e op po yf uw ty to meet with you
T greatly appreciated the opportunity and your team.
I would very much appreciate
Obviously I am disappointed (2)
(2 )
------------------------------------ for the time you took to talk to me
Thank you very much in advance about the position.
position. ( 3 ) ________________________ to have been
unsuccessful this time, as I felt my skills and experience matched the
requirements for the job.
(4)
(4 ) it if you could explain in greater
------------------------------------
detail why my application was unsuccessful on this occasion.

(5 ) this information will help me to
------------------------------------
identify areas which 1need to work on in order to successfully gain

employment in future.
b Read the letter Paul received (6 )

------------------------------------ for your time on this matter.
from the bank in response. Yours sincerely,
Why was he rejected? Paul Kristiansen
Dear Paul
Many thanks for your letter
letter requesting feedback. As I’m sure you’l
you’lll understand, we had a very stro
strong
ng
field of candidates. Although we considered your application to be very strong, our recruitment
procedure enabled us to assess each candidate as objectively as possible,
possible, and we chose the
candidate who scored most highly in our assessment.
There were many things that impressed us about your application. Your qualificat
qualifications
ions are excellent,
and you have some good experience in this sector. You gave good answers to many questions,
particularly our question at the beginning about customer service, for which you gave several
excellent examples.
The main reason why your application was less successful was that your work experience is fairly
limited, and we felt that you would benefit from some months in a more junior position before
you are ready for a job involving managing people and budgets. When we asked you about your
leadership skills, you gave a general answer rather than the specific example that we needed. We
susp ect that you do in fact have such skills,
skills, but bec aus e you did not ill
illustr
ustrate
ate these at the inte
intervi
rview,
ew,
we felt unable to know for certain. This leads us to a more general point: your answers were often
short and lacking examples. We would recommend you plan your examples more carefully before
your next interview.
You did create a positive impression on us, and have good potential to be a strong and useful
member of a team such as ours. If you are interested in applying for a more junior position, I
encourage you to consider responding to the job advertisement attached. I realise this might not
be your ideal job, but as I mentioned above, we felt you would be a much stronger candidate for a But
management position after you had such experience. m

Thank you again for your application, and we wish you well in your career.
Charlie Brooker
Unit
Un it 6 Follow u
up
p

questions .
1 Wh at did
did Paul dodo well
well in his
his interview?
interview ? Wha t did
did he
he do badly?
2 Wh at advice is Paul given? Do you think this is good advice?
3 Why
Wh y do you
you think the interviewers didn’t
did n’t use his good examples of customer
service skills to guess about his leadership skills?
4 Do you think Mr Brooke
Bro okerr genuinely
genuinely wants Paul to apply for the junior job,
job, or
do all unsuccessful candidates get the same advice?
5 W ha
hatt would
would you
you do
do if you were Paul
Pa ul?? Would you apply for the more
junior position or would you wait
w ait for another
anoth er management
managem ent position to be
available?
d Write a letter
rejected, requesting
or for feedback
an invented forexpressions
one. Use a real job for which
from theyou were
letter in
Exercise 3a.
Dealing with job offers

Accepting the job
Congratulations! You have been offered a job. Even if you have accepted a job
over the phone, or in person, it is important to write an acceptance letter to
confirm the details of employment and to formally accept the job offer.
1 Wh at should
should you
you conside
considerr before
before accepting
accepting a job
job offer?
2 Why
Wh y is it good practice to write a fformal
ormal letter accepting or declining
declining a
position you are offered?
b ►6.4 A few days after

afte r his telephone
teleph one interview, Alex Mencken receives a
telephone call from King’s Theatre offering him the position. Listen to the
conversation. How do you think Alex handled the conversation? Why didn’t
he accept straight away?
C ► 6.4Complete
4Compl ete the conversat
conv ersation
ion using the words
w ords in the box. Listen again
a gain
and check your answers.
consider contact decision latest meantime offer
position salary speaking time
Alex: Hello. Alex (1) speaking .

Joh n: Hello, Alex. It ’s Joh n Bradsh
Brad shaw aw from King’
King’s
s Theatre. I ’m delighted to tell
tell
you that after careful consideration we would like to offer you the
(2) of administrative assistant.
Alex: Thank you very ve ry much. Tha
T hat’t’s very
ve ry good new
news.s.
John:
Joh n: As we discussed during the interview, we are happ h appy y to offer you a
starting (3) of £20,000.
Alex: That’s
That’ s great. I ’d like to take some ( 4 ) to (5) your
(6) _______ Is it okay if I ( 7 ) _________ you with a ( (8
8) by tomorrow
at the (9) ?
John:
Joh n: Yes. That’
Tha t’s ab
absolu
solutely
tely fine.
fine. And if you have
hav e an
any y questions
qu estions in the
( 10
10))
______ , please feel free to give me a call.
d In pairs, practise the conversation in Exercise 4c. Swap roles and practise
again.
Unit
ni t 6 Follow up 77

e ► 6.5Listen to Alex discussing

discussing the job offer with his friend Ella and answer
answ er
1 Is Alex worried
worried about relocat
relocating
ing to London?
2 Does he feel he would be able to get on with the boss and the rest of the
team?
3 Is he happy with the sala
salary
ry that he has been
been offered?
4 Wh at issues does he still ne
need
ed to clarify before accepting
accep ting the position?
5 W ha t does Ella think Alex should do after accepting
acceptin g the position by pho
phone?
ne?
f ► 6.6Ella goes on to give Alex a lot of advice on how to write an acceptance

accep tance
letter and what to include. Put Ella’s advice (a-e) into the most logical
order. Listen and check your answers. What do you think of the advice?
a Expre
Express
ss how
how much
much you are looking forward to starting the job ____
b Thank whoever
whoeve r made you the job offe
offer,
r, and then make it clear that
tha t you
you have
decid
decided
ed to
to acc
accept
ept it
it. _ L
c Repeat
Rep eat any instructions you
you were give
given
n during the interview such
such as
as your
starting date, working hours, etc ____
d Request clarification
clarification in your acceptance letter of any terms o
off employment
that were vague or that concerned you ____
e Restate
Resta te the terms of employ
employment
ment as you understood them, including hours
hours
per week, salary and benefits____
g Alex called John

Joh n Bradshaw
Bradsh aw at King’s
King’s Theatre to clarify terms and
and
conditions of service. Afterwards, he wrote a formal letter of acceptance.
Separate Alex’s
Exercise 4f. acceptance
Mark letterofinto
the beginning eachfive
newparagraphs
paragraphusing the plan in
with //.
Dear Mr Bradshaw,
Bradshaw, Thank you for your offer o f employment as Administrative
Administrative Assistant at King’s
King’s
Theatre. As we discussed
discusse d on the phone yesterday, 1 am delighted to accept
ac cept your offer and loo
lookk
forward
forwar d to beginning work at King
K ing ’s Theatre. I am pleased to accept
accep t your offer at a salary of
£20,000 annually. As we agreed, my starting date will be July 29 to enable me to complete the
training programme that I have enrolled for. 1also understand that I will receive frill company pay
and benefits during the 8-week long training programme as the skills I will acquire on the course
will be applicable and useful within my new role at King’s Theatre. During the interview we did not
discuss holiday entitlement and I hope you will be able to clarify exactly how much holiday leave 1
will be entitled to. Thank you again for offering me this wonderful opportunity, and do let me know
if there
there is any
any additional information or paperwork you need prior to tthis.
his. 1 very much look forward
to joining you and the theatre team on July 29. Yours sincerely, Alex Mencken
h Underline
Unde rline three phrases
ph rases in
in the letter
lette r referring
refer ring to previous discussions.
discussions.
What other phrases in the letter could you use in your own letter of
acceptance? For example, ThaThank emploument as ..
nk uou for uour offe r o f emploument ....
i W ha t is the effect
effec t of the words in bold in the following
following extract
extrac t ffrom
rom Alex’s
Alex’s
letter?
Thank you again for offering me this wonderful opportunity, and do let me
know if there is any additional information or paperwork you need prior to this.
I very much look forward to joining you and the theatre team on July 29.
J
c
Write a letter of acceptance for a job you would like. Try to make your
letter positive and enthusiastic.
78 Un
Unit
it 6 Follow up
up
Withdrawing from consideration

When you accept a job offer you will need to notify other prospective employers
that you are withdrawing your name from their consideration. As soon as you
have made a decision you should politely inform all other employers that you have
applied for work with. Make every effort to speak to your contact in person rather
than leaving a voicemail message. After you have spoken to your contact, follow up
with a written confirmation.
5 a ► 6.7Afte r Alex has accepted

accepte d the job at
a t King’
Kin g’s
s Theatre,
The atre, he telephon
telep hones
es the
Cromwel
Cromwelll Theatre
Th eatre to politely withdraw from their application process.
process.
Complete the conversation using the phrases in the box. Listen and check
your answers.
Could you put me through
Could I was very impress
impressed
ed by your team
I'm calling as I'v
I'vee been offered It's
It' s the least I could do
I jus t wanted to let you kno
know
w That's very kind of you
Alex: Hello. This is Alex Menck

M encken.
en. (1) CoulA you puf me HwougU to
Karl Osborne please?
Receptionist: Yes, of course.
course. I ’ll ju
just
st put
pu t you on hold for a minute
minute,, and put
p ut you
through.
Karl: Hello,
Hello, Alex. W hat can I do for you? you ? II’’m afraid we haven’
hav en’tt made a
a
decision
decision yet
ye t as we’re
we’re still in the process of interviewing
interviewing can
candidates
didates
for the position.
Alex: Yes, I know. Actually, ( 2 ) _____________________
a job elsewhere,
which I have accepted.
Karl: I see.
Alex: (3) I also wanted to say that I really enjoyed
meeting you. ( 4 ) _____________________ and the working environment
at the Cromwell.
Karl: Thank
Tha nk you for saying so. I would
w ould say
sa y th
that
at we were also impressed
impressed
by your interview and I’m sorry to hear that you’ve accepted accepted
another
anoth er job.
job. But
Bu t I understand your
you r decision.
decision. I wish
wish you the very
very
best of luck.
luck.
Alex: Thank you very much.
Karl: And if things
things don’
don ’t work out,
out, make
m ake sure that
th at you give me a ring and
an d
I ’ll see if we’ve got anything
anyth ing we can offer
offe r y
you.
ou.
Alex: (5
(5)) I will do.
_____________________
Karl: Thanks for letting us know like this.

Alex: (6
(6]] Thank you for giving me the chance to
_____________________
talk about possible work at the theatre.
b In pairs, role play telephoning to withdraw from consideration. Before you

start, decide what job you have applied for.
Student A, you are the candidate. Call the employer to withdraw from
consideration from the recruitment process. Use the expressions in Exercise
5a.
Student B, you are the employer. You interviewed Student A for a job, and are
disappointed that they are withdrawing. Be polite and try to encourage them
to consider working for you in the future.
Uni
nitt 6 Follow up 79

C Match the spoken expressions

expressions (t -6 ) to the equivalent formal written
expressions (a-f).
1 I h
ha
ave accepted another job — a I recently submitted an application for the
2 It's a job tha t will let m
me
e use
use m
my
y \ vacant Administrative Assistant position
skills and is what I want to do b The position closely matches my abilities
and personal career aims
3 I applied for the Administrative
As
Asssis
ista
tant
nt job
job \ c I am writing to withdraw from consideration
4 I no longer wan
wantt to b
be
e considered \ for the position
for the job d I have decided to accept a position
5 I really enjoyed meeting you and elsewhere
the rest of the office e I wish you and your team the best of success
6 Good luck in the future I greatly enjoyed meeting you and your team
d Complete Alex’s letter of withdrawal using all or part of the formal

expressions in Exercise 5c.
Dear Mr Osborne,
I am writing to thank you for including me in the interview process as you seek candidates for your
(1) yg’i.cg’vHf A wlvy
lvyi s K gnHve lA ss is f^ f p o s I H o h . (2) you and members
____________________________
of your staff and was impressed by your operation at the Cromwell Theatre.
However, as I explained when we spoke this morning, (3) ------------------------
(4 ) which I believe (5)

___________________________ _____________________________ .
I wish you and the staff at the Cromwell Theatre the (6) ------------------------ -
Yours sincerely,
Alex Mencken
e Now write
writ e a let
lette
terr of withdrawal
withd rawal based
ba sed on the role play in Exercise 5b, using
formal the expressions in Exercise 5c.
Declining an offer
The decision to decline a job offer is usually made because you have received
another offer that matches your interests and career goals better.

1 Why is it important
important to
to decline
decline a job offer
offer that you
you do not
not want politel
politely?
y?
2 How much
much information
informati on do you need to give when
when declining a job offer
offer??
3 When should you decline a job offer?
b ►6.8Tomasz Filipek, a young graduate from Poland, recently moved to London

and applied for a number of different jobs when he arrived. Tomasz was
fortunate and received a number of job offers, including one that he decided
to accept. Now he is calling the other companies to politely decline their
offers of employment. Listen to one of these conversations and complete the
following notes.
1 C o m p a n y :____________________
2 Contact
Contact na m e: ____________________
3 Position
Position applied fo r: ____________________
4 Positive things
things about the com pany:
pa ny: ____________________
5 Reason for declining

declining the positio
po sitio n: ____________________
80 U nit 6 Follow up

C ^6
^6.8
.8 Listen again and complete
com plete Toma
Tomasz’
sz’s
s letter
lett er declining the job off
offer
er using
words from the conversation.
Dear Ms Johnson ,
Tha nk you for extend ing the offe
offerr ffor
or the p osition of Graphic Designe
Designer.
r.
ve y uc ( ) ov ovpp
ppye
yecu
cu e t e t e a d e o t you a d you t ea
(2 ) _____________ explaining the position and y ou r agenc y’s y’s speci
specificfic
goals.
goal s. I was ver y ( 3 ) byt
by t h e a d v e r t iiss i n g c a m p a i g n s y o u a r e
working on for major retailers.
(4 ) ______________ , after muc h tho ug ht and careful deliberation, I have
d e c id
id e d n o t t o ( 5 )
________________ y o u r of
offe
fer.
r. Although this wo uld have
cer t ai nl y been an excel l ent ( 6) ______________ f or m e, 1have deci de d t o
acce pt a not h er posi t i on, whi ch m o r e cl osel y m a t ches m y specspecii f iicc ski
skill ls
ls
and car eer goal ss..
I wi sh you and Fut ur e Desi
Designs
gns cont i nue d s ucc ess f or t he f ut
utur
ur e.
Thank you agai n f or yo ur t i m e and co nsi der at i on.
Yours sincerely,
Tom asz Fil
Filipe
ipek
k
d In pairs, role play telephoning to decline an offer. Before you start, decide
what job you have applied for.
Student A, you are the candidate.
Student B, you are the employer.
e Unde
Underline
rline useful phrases from the lette
let terr iin
n Exercise 6c, which
which you could
use in your own letter. For example, Tha
Thank extending the offer for
nk you for extending
the
the posit ion o f ...
position ...
f Write a formal letter declining an offer using the phrases in Exercise 6e,
based on your role play in Exercise 6d.
Negotiating terms and conditions

When negotiating a salary deal, you are trying to persuade your future
employer to give you the best deal possible, so you must be as polite and
diplomatic as possible. You should use tentative language and formal English.

question s.
1 Is it common
common in your country
country to negotiate
negotiate salary and
and conditions
conditions of
of
employment?
2 W ha
hatt advice would
would you
you give someone entering into
into salary negoti
negotiation
ations?
s?
b ►6.9 Listen to two job seekers, Andy and Nick, negotiating a pay deal with
their future employers. Who negotiates a better deal?
C ►6.10 Listen to two recruitm

recr uitm ent experts,
expe rts, Grace
Gr ace and Oliver, discussing
disc ussing Andy
and Nick’s negotiation strategies. What advice do they give? Do you agree
with them?
Unit 6 Follow up 81

► 6.9Complete the
th e conversation
con versation using one word in each gap. Listen again and
check your answers.
Employer: W hat sort of salary

sala ry are you looking
looking fofor, Nick?
Nick ?
Nick 1: Well, I know you are a well-established company with a reputation for
looking after your people well, so I ( 1) you will be offering
___________
employment at the market rate.
Employer: Yes, tthh at
at’’s very
v ery true,
true, bu
butt we have
ha ve to start
sta rt somewhere,
somewhere, so tell
te ll me,
me, what
wh at
are you expecting?
Nick 2: Perhaps
Perha ps you could tell me what the range is for this position, position, as I
(2) __________ be tempted to overprice myself if I give a figure.
Employer: Well,, the range
Well range for this
this post is between
between $ 42,000
42 ,000 and $44,000.
$ 44,000.
Nick 3: Issee.
ee. Given
G iven that
tha t I have five ye
y e a rs’
rs ’ ful
full-t
l-time
ime experience in this ffield,
ield, and
a nd
have an MA, how far up the range ( 3 ) you be able to offer
someone like myself?
Employer: We were thinking in the region of $43,000.
Nick 4: ... mmm ...
Employer: Bu t iin
n your
you r case,
case, considering your
you r specific previous
previous employment
em ployment
experience we could offer $43,000 plus a $2,000 starting bonus.
Nick 5: Thank you. (4 ] __________ you tell me how often pay is reviewed here?
Employer: Norm ally once a year. The The next p ay review is due in in October.
October.
Nick 6: (5 )___________ I be entitled to
to a pay
pa y review a t this
this point - subject,
subject, of
course,
cour se, to my satisfacto ry performance in the the position?
Employer: Yes, that’s reasonable.
Match Nick’s responses (1-6) in Exercise 7d to the negotiation techniques

(a-f).
a Remind the employer
empl oyer of your key
key skills and relevant
relevan t experience. _5_
b Establish the employer
emp loyer’’s range for the position
positi on____
c Avoid being the first person to state a salary
salar y figure ____
d Befo
Before
re you accept
accep t an
an offer establish if and when your salary will be reviewed in
future____
e Don’t autom
automatical
atically
ly accep t the first offer that is made ____
f Before
Befo re you
you accep
acceptt an offer clarify your queries about
abo ut the
the term
termss and conditions.
conditions.
Nick uses formal language to negotiate a better salary. Complete the formal
versions of the sentences in bold by rearranging the
th e words in brackets.
1 Ho
How
w muc
much
h c
can
an you
you pay me?
Could you tell
te ll me wh
what
at (positio
(pos ition
n / the / is / range
ran ge / this
thi s / f o r ) _______________
?
How much would

w ould you be able to offer someone
some one (my / exp
experi
erienc
encee / of / level /
with) ______________________________________________________________________ ?
2 As I’ve got a lot of experience, will you pay me more?
Taking my experie
exp erience
nce into account,
acc ount, (higher
(high er / consider
consi der / a / would / am
amoun
ountt /
you) ------------------------------------------------------------- ?
3 I think I can get more money doing the same job elsewhere.
I’ve done some research into equivalent jobs within the sector, and feel that
yo
your
ur (b
(bel
elow
ow / curr
cu rren
entt / mark
ma rket
et / positi
pos ition
on / this
thi s / for / is / offer
off er / the
th e / rate)
rat e)
Unit
Un it 6 Follow u
up
p

g In pairs, practise your negotiation skills in

in a game.
game.
Student A, you are the employer. Try and get the candidate to agree to the
lowest starting salary with minimal
minimal additional
addition al benefits.
benefits. Use the role cards
on page 96.
Student B, you are the candidate. Use language and techniques from this
section to achieve the best possible terms and conditions of service. Use
the role cards on page 104.
Before you start, decide on the company and the job. Swap roles and play
the game again.
Rules
• The employer earns points by managing to to keep the starting salar
salaryy as
low as possible and by not agreeing to too many additional benefits
(although remember that you do want to employ this applicant).
• The applicant
applican t earns points by achieving as high
high a starting salary as
possible and by gaining additional benefits.
• The employer
employ er and applicant do not
not know
know how
how many points
points the other
person can earn from each negotiation issue. The person with the most
points at the end of the negotiation is the winner.
Unit
Un it 6 Follow up 83
Jac k: That’s true. persuasive though, it was really a case of being

Federico: I'm also good at coming up with new clear and expressing yourself well, making sure
Sophie: Hey Silvia. How are you? What have you
ideas and suggesting alternative solutions. That that everybody understood what I was saying.
been up to? I haven't seen you for ages.
sort of thing. Sophie: Okay. I think we've got lots to work
Silvia: I’m fine, Sophie. I’m actually looking for a
Jac k: Yeah, I remember
reme mber when we used to work on already. Now let’s try and think about what
job at the momen
moment. t.
together, you used to stick notes with new ideas you ve said in terms of transferable skills ...
Sophie: Yeah? So how’s it going? everywhere. Your desk was such a mess and you
Silvia: Not that
th at great, to be
be honest. I’ve got a never knew where anything was. The desk of a
few ideas for possible jobs but I’m not really sure creative genius, I guess! 1
what sort of work I want to do, or what I’d be
Federico: Well, the desk is still a mess, but at This is easily the
th e best way of finding a job. It’
I t’s
s
really good at.
least I know where everything is now! simply the biggest resource available. You can
Sophie: I se
see.e. Iri my expe
experie
rience
nce yo
you’ve
u’ve got to search through thousands of jobs and send your
Jac k: Well, it sounds like you’ve got a lot to offer.
work out what you want to do before you start CV and cover letter to employers all over the
Federico: Yes, although the main company I’m
thinking about where you want to work. So, start
by thinking about the things you like doing, or interested in is looking for someone who can world in
online andminutes. You can even
help employers and post your own
headhunters CV
find
speak a bit of Mandarin, and I’ve never even
what you’re interested in. you. There are hundreds of networks, groups and
been to China. I’I ’d love to be able to speak
Silvia: Well, I’m interested in sustainability and I special interest forums that you can sign up to,
Mandarin, though.
enjoy working with people.
people. which can offer you advice and tell you about any
Jac k: So what are you going to do about it?
Sophie: Exactly. So you'd probably enjoy a job opportu
opportunitie
nities.
s.
Federico: Well, actually I’ve already started
job that include
includedd both of thes
these
e thin
things
gs.. Then,
Then,
taking lessons, and I’ve started listening to
after you’ve worked out your interests, the
Chinese language podcasts while I travel on the Nothing beats word of mouth and a personal
next step is to think about the skills you've got
bus. I’m hoping that my commitment might help recommendation. As the old saying goes, it’s not
that can be used in almost any job, things like
convince the company to take me on. what you know,
know, it
it’’s who you know.
know. If you want
communication and people skills. Everything that
you’ve managed to do successfully at work or Jac k: That’s impressive. How’s it going? to get ahead and get the job you really want,
university needed skills to get these things done. Federico: It’s tough, but if I want to get a new then you’ve got to get to know someone who
These are your transferable skills. job, I’ve
job, I’ve go
gott to mak
make
e the effor
effort.
t. already works in the industry, someone who can
recommend you for a job, or let you know of any
Silvia: But how do I work out what my
openings. It might take time and effort, but if you
transferable skills are?
Sophie: So, how’
how’ss the job-hunting going? want to be really successful, the best way to do it
Sophie: I try to think about something I’ve done is by meeting the right people. Tell everyone you
that was successful, where my actions have made Silvia: Well, I haven’t got very far, to be honest.
know you’re looking for a job, tell them what area
a difference, and then try to identify the skills I I'm struggling to work out what my transferable
of work you’re interested in and ask them to let
used. skills are. you know if they can help you in any way.
Silvia: Hmm. I can do that, I think. Sophie: Well, you've done so much, Silvia. I’m
sure you’ve got lots of skills that would be useful 3
Sophie: Also, a lot of people these days use
personality tests to find out more about the type in almost any job. Why don't you tell me some Professional knowledge and advice can really
of person they are and the types of jobs that are things you’ve done and then we can work out improve your chances
chanc es of getting a job. I’
I ’ve used
suited to them. There are quite a lot of them on what transferable skills you’ve got? this method throughout my entire career to
the Internet if you’re interested. Silvia: Well, I applied for m
myy MA course
c ourse while I help me find and secure the best jobs possible.
was working in Africa, and even managed to start Having an experienced consultant was especially
Silvia: That sounds interesting. I’ll give it a go,
doing some research for the course before I came useful when I moved abroad for work, as they
and see what it comes up with.
back to England. really knew the legalities of the recruitment
Sophie: Okay, but don't take these tests too process in the country I was looking for work in.
seriously - they’re just there to give you some Sophie: So you’re clearly quite good at planning.
And what were you doing in Africa? I’m sure that Of course, I had to pay for these services, but in
ideas and suggestions. At the end of the day, some cases the employers themselves
themselve s pay fo forr the
the only person who really knows who you are you developed lots of skills while you were there
service. You’ve got to make sure you choose a
and what type of job is right for you is you. And that will help you get a job.
well-established, reputable company as there are
remember, it's not just about finding a job that Silvia: I worked for
for an NG
NGOO as par
partt of a large
a lot of cowboys waiting to take your money.
you'd be good at. You need to find a job that team with people from all over the world. We all
you'll enjoy, one that
tha t you’ll love doing. lived together and shared a bathroom. The work
was quite varied and I was given different tasks Along with the Internet this is by far the most
■■ 1.2Federico. What’s all this about you

Jac k: So,
moving
movin g jobs?
jobs ?
to complete each week.
Sophie: Like what?
Silvia: Well, for example, on the project our main
common way people hunt for job vacancies.
Almost all publications have a weekly jobs
section or supplement that provides a large
Federico: Well, yes, I’ve just decided to start aim was to educate local people about the need selection of available jobs. It’s also worth going
looking for a new job.
job. I love
l ove my current
curre nt job, and for reforestation. We tried putting up posters, back and looking at old editions as many jobs
my colleagues are great, but if I’m going to get but this didn’t have much of an effect. We are often left unfilled.
more experience, I'll have to go somewhere else. needed to find a better way to communicate this
Jac k: Sure you can't get that experience where message. Later on I talked to respected members
Although this method takes courage, as you
you are? of the community, and convinced them to talk to
might often be faced with rejection, with the
Federico: No. Our company's too small. I need other people in the village. This approach was far
right approach this can also be a highly effective
to go somewhere bigger. more effective.
way of finding a job. It’s also an excellent way of
Sophie: You’ve always been good at persuading finding out more information about companies,
Jac k: Any idea where?
other people!
people! job details and
and so on.
on. Companies
Companies themselv
themselves
es are
Federico: Well, I’ve got a few companies in mind.
Silvia: I guess you’re right. When I was at often very willing to let the public know all about
Jac k: And have you got the skills and experience
university I was the communications officer of the what they do, who they employ and what work
these companies are looking for?
student union and I was responsible for dealing they carry out, but are rarely contacted directly
Federico: Well, I’ve got the qualifications with suppliers. I had to order food and drink as a resource. Calling a company to enquire
they’re looking for. When it comes to skills and for university concerts and so on. It was always about vacancies and offer your services can be a
experience, I think I can demonstrate that I’m possible to get a better deal if you were good highly effective way of getting them interested in
very adaptable. I don’t mind working late or at on the phone.
phone. It wasn’t just a question of being you enough to want to know more about you.
weekends, and I’ll have a go at anything, I pick
things up very quickly.
84 Audioscript
■■ 1.5
1.5 Silvia: Actually, you were so great at helping me
work out what my skills w were,
ere, I was wondering
Silvia: So you mean when the job advertisement
mentions that they are looking for somebody
Patrick: Good morning. My name is Patrick
if you could give me some words of wisdom on who’s ‘an excellent communicator* and has ‘great
Roberts. Can I speak to the head of Human
writing a killer CV. research skills’, I should write the CV directly in
Resources?
Sophie: Of course. Okay, so the two most popular reaction to that, with skills headings, such as
Receptionist: I’m afraid she’s quite busy at the ‘Communication’, ‘Research' and so on?
ways of organising a CV are a conventional
moment. Can I help you?
chronological CV and a skills-based CV. Sophie: Yes. That’s it. This approach is quite
Patrick: I was just phoning to enquire whether effective as it focuses your CV towards a specific
Silvia: Okay.
there were any jobs going. job and
and pro
proves
ves you’
you’ve
ve go
gott al
alll the skills
skills they’re
they’re
Sophie: So, obviously both of them start with
Receptionist: All our vacant positions arc after. Then after that you simply list your work
your name in large letters.
advertised on our website and in national experience details, education and professional
newspapers. Vacancies do come up regularly, so I Silvia: Why large?
qualifications, interests and lastly your referees.
advise you to keep checking. Sophie: Your name's got to be large so that
Silvia: I quite like the sound of a skills-based CV,
Patrick: Thank you very much for your time. the interviewer can easily find your CV hidden
but I think the chronological CV seems easier to
away in a pile of papers on their desk when
Receptionist: You’re welcome and good luck. write.
they interview you! Then after that come your
Eryk: Good morning. I’m Fryk Pawlak. I would contact details: address, telephone number, Sophie: It is. And remember these are just two
like to speak to Janet Robinson. Is she there? email address and so on. Oh, and make sure it’s approaches. There aren’t really any strict rules
Receptionist: She’s quite busy at the moment. a sensible email address, your name@hotmail. on
whatwhat
youorder
want to
to put
call your
thesesections in,As
sections. orlong
even
Can I help you? com, for example.
as the essential information is there, it's up to
Eryk: Thank you, but I’d rather talk to Ms Silvia: Okay.
you. It’s
I t’s your C.V and how you design and a nd create
cr eate
Robinson, if that's okay.
okay. Sophie: If you were going to include a personal it says something about you and reflects your
Receptionist: Okay. Please hold and I’ll try and statement then it would go before this bit character.
put you through. under your contact details, but they're a lot
Silvia: Thanks, I’m really inspired now.
more common in skills-based CVs. So, in a
Eryk: Thank you.
chronological CV you’d start with an education
Jan et: Jan et Robinso
Robinson
n speak
speaking.
ing. How can I help
section, outlining your main academic
■ 1 2.2
you? Alex: Hi, Ella.
qualifications, most recent first. As well as the
Eryk: My name is Eryk Pawlak. I have basics - university name, degree and graduation Ella: Hi, Alex. How are you doing?
considerable professional experience in the date - you can include coursework that’s relevant Alex: I’m fine. I'm just calling
cal ling as I’ve
I ’ve decided to
hotel industry. I have worked for a number of to the job, academic honours or awards. apply for a couple of admin jobs, and I'd like
big hotels in Poland. The reason I’m calling, your help with
with my CV.
CV. Do you have any tips? tip s? Any
An y
Silvia: I hen what?
Ms Robinson, is that I have recently moved specific mistakes I should watch out for?
to London and I’m looking for an employment Sophie: Then you’d put your work experience
next in chronological order starting with the Ella: Well, the first one is simply mistakes. You’d
opportunity in a major hotel which will make
most recent, with dates, duties, and the key skills be surprised how many people submit CVs with
use of my experience and language skills. Do
you gained in each position. basic mistakes
mi stakes in them. If you’ve
you’ve got a whole load
you need employees who can speak a variety of
of CVs on your desk, this is an easy way to get rid
languages? Silvia: What about my expedition in Argentina of some to begin with.
last year? Where would I put that?
Jan et : Yes, we do. Alex: What sort of mistakes are you talking
Eryk: My mother tongue is Polish, but I can also Sophie: Well, after your education section and
work experience in a traditional chronological CV, about?
speak Spanish, having worked for a big hotel
you'd have a section on activities and interests Ella: Spelli
Spelling
ng mistakes, often. For example,
example,
in Spain. Are you looking for employees with
- I’d put it in there. But remember to focus on putting the ‘i’ in the wrong place in ‘receive’, or
international experience?
the skills relevant for the job that these activities writing ‘correspondence’ with an ‘a’ instead of
Jan et : Yes. How much experience do you have? an ‘e’, or spelling ‘liaise’ with only one T. Then
and interests helped you to develop.
Eryk: Recently I spent six months working for a there’s another type of spelling mistake, when
Silvia: Right.
hotel in Madrid. To begin with I mainly worked applicants use the wrong form of words like
managing a team of cleaners and porters. Sophie: And then lastly, you can list additional
‘practice’ and ‘advice’.
However, my Spanish improved quickly and I was skills such as languages, computer skills, clean
driving licence
l icence and so on. It depends on the job Alex: English is such a difficult language
moved to reception, where I dealt with customers sometimes! I guess the answer is to proofread
both face to face and on the phone. Are you really, and who’s applying.
my CV thoroughly and then double and triple
looking for someone with experience such as this? Silvia: What do you mean?
check.
Jan et : Do you have a degree? Sophie: Well, just include the things that are
Ella: Exactly. The next thing is to keep it short.
relevantt for the job.
relevan job. If yo
you
u were a writer, for
Eryk: Yes, I have a degree in tourism. What You’ve got to grab the employer’s attention,
background experience are you looking for? example, you might list your publications here.
and remember they’ve got other work to do as
Whereas if you worked in computers, you’d have a
Jan et : We normally recruit people with a well as going through CVs. Don’ Don ’t list all of your
background in hotel management. specific section focusing on your computer skills. experience and qualifications, only the stuff
Silvia: I see. And then at the bottom I put my that's relevant for the job you're going for. Cut
Eryk: Well, I have experience in this area and am
references? it down to the most relevant and impressive
keen to continue my professional development.
I'm going to be close to your hotel this week. Sophie: Exactly. achievements. Less is more, and being concise
Would you be available to meet me to discuss my Silvia: So what’s the difference with a skills- and to the point will demonstrate your ability to
qualifications and experience face to face? based CV then? edit well.
Jan et: Actually, I’m
I ’m quite busy.
busy. Perha
Perhaps
ps you Sophie: Well, with a skills-based CV you’d start Alex: So how many pages should it be?
could send me your CV and a cover letter and I’ll the same, but then it’s quite different. Some Ella: Well, I’d aim for one side if possible,
have a look at it. people include a personal statement or career certainly nothing longer than two pages.
Eryk: I will do that. Thank you very much for your profile. It’s just a couple of sentences th
that
at Alex: That’s great. Anything else?
time. I hope to hear from you soon. summarise your value to the employer. It’s not
Ella: Yes, be honest.
a bad idea to write one even if you decide not
Jan et: Thanks for your call. Alex: But doesn’t everyone lie a bit in their CVs?
to use it, as just writing one will help you decide
how you want to present yourself and what you Ella: It’s true that a lot of people stretch the
want out of your career.
career. truth, and you should certainly only focus on
Silvia: So, Sophie, I’ve found a really interesting- positive experience and details relevant for the
Silvia: Good idea. I’ll give it a go.
looking job vacancy at a communications agency job,, but don’
job don’tt be tempted
tempted to write
write anything
anything
in central London. Sophie: Okay, then after that in a skills based
untrue. First of all, your CV is a legal document,
CV you
you list your key skills. Bas
Basicall
ically,
y, you decide
Sophie: That ’s great. Have you sent off your and if they find out you’ve lied then they can
application? what transferable
for, and then you skills
breakthe employer
these is looking
down into similar fire you just like that. Secondly, you're going to
be a lot more confident in an interview talking
groups and provide evidence that you’ve got
about the details on your CV if you’ve told the
these skills.
Audioscript 85

truth, than if you’ve made something up. In Klaudia: Well, I spent one summer in Madrid, Grace: Yes, different sports can suggest all sorts
my experience it doesn’t take very long to spot but I was only working in a restaurant. I was a of skills and abilities, as well as the obvious
someone who’s lied in their CV and they always waitress. Actually,
Actuall y, when I first got to Madri
Madrid, d, I one, that you keep fit. I mean, why make an
get found out sooner or later. It’s simply not spent a few weeks cleaning
cleanin g hotel room
rooms.
s. IItt was unsubstantiated claim like ‘I work well in teams'
worth it. disgusting. if you can demonstrate it by telling the employer
Alex: So honesty is the best policy. And what Tom: So you speak Spanish? you play volleyball for your university?
about getting my CV noticed? Klaudia: Not really, just enough to get by. Oliver: It’s not just sports though. There are all
Ella: Well, presentation's important so use nice, sorts of things you can list.
Tom: Sounds like you had enough to get a job,
neutral-coloured paper and matching envelope. two jobs in fact. And to deal with customers in Grace: Yes, and a wide range of interests always
But I think the main thing is to make sure that the language. All of this is really great. You ve got looks good because the employer will want to
your CV is written to match the requirements of to mention it on your resume. Your nannying job see that you can fit into different environments
the job and the culture of the company you’re shows you’re responsible, and reminds us of your easily.
applying for work with. You’ve got to adapt excellent English. Even your cleaning job tells us Oliver: Basically, I’d say the main thing is to
every CV you write to each job you appl
apply
y for.
for. IIt’s
t’s a lot about your character - you’re not afraid to avoid dull lists and offer a variety
vari ety of interests.
surprising how many people think they can get get your hands dirty, you’re flexible and hard With each example it’s the specific details that
away with one CV for all jobs! working. These are the kinds of life experiences make it interesting to the reader and that will
Alex: Thanks, Ella. I can’t thank you enough. that employers love to hear about. give you something concrete to talk about if you
Klaudia: So you think I should mention them? get to the interview stage.
Ella:on.
get You’re welcome, Alex. Let me know how you Tom: Yes,
Yes, of course. But
Bu t you
you’’ve got to focus on Grace: That’s very true. I'd only add that as well
all those points that I mentioned. Right, pass me as giving examples, you should emphasise any
your pen ... achievements related to your interests.
Klaudia: Thanks for proofreading my CV, Tom. Oliver: So, Grace, what would you put under
What did you think? interests then?
Tom: Well, your work experience section is a bit Oliver: What do you call this section on your CV? Grace: I usually stick with my ability
abili ty to pick up
thin. It doesn’t really tell us much. I usually tell people to keep it simple and call it foreign languages quickly, and that I’m a member
Klaudia: That's because I've only had one proper ‘interests’, which generally covers everything. of an orchestra. But at the moment I’m raising
job. And I’m o
job. only
nly a secretar
secretary,
y, so there’s
there’s not
not really Grace: I think that’s fine. Some people put sponsorship to do the London Marathon in
anything impressive to say. ‘personal interests’. I don’t think it matters too April. I’ve got to raise £ 1900, all of which goes
Tom: Oh, I don’t know. What do you actually do much what the section is labelled as long as to charity. If I manage to raise the money and
in your job? the contents make the potential employer more get through the 26 miles on the day then I'm
interested in you. definitely going to add it to my CV!
Klaudia: Boring things like answering the phone,
Oliver: Yes, employers are obviously keen Oliver: Well, best of luck. I’ll sponsor you if you
you
filling in forms, taking minutes ...
to check you have the skills and experience like.
Tom: Hang on a sec. Answering the phone? So
necessary
necessar y to do the job,
job, but they also
al so want to Grace: That’d be great.
you deal with customers? You represent your
company, you represent your boss. Who is your know a bit more about you to see if you’re going
to fit in with the rest of the company. This section
boss? is an insight into your personality. Grace: So, Oliver, who would you choose to act
Klaudia: She’s the managing director.
Grace: Yes, after all, the V in CV stands for vitae , as a referee on your CV?
Tom: It sounds like you’re more of a PA than
which is Latin for ‘life’, so the interests section is Oliver: Well, it’s quite a long time since I went
a secretary.
secretary. Listen, just the fact that you are
about demonstrating that you have a life! Still, to university, so I wouldn't put my old personal
trusted by the managing director to manage her
why is it that candidates often make such a mess tutor - I haven’t spoken to her in years. For me,
affairs is impressive. Lots of people wouldn’t be
of this section and fail to take advantage of it? I’d have to go with two professional referees, one
able to work at such a high level.
Oliver: I think it’s partly to do with the fact that from my Iasi job and one from the one I’ve got
Klaudia: But I don’t do anything clever. It’s just
we’re generally not very good at writing about at the minute, as long as I knew that my current
basic stuff.
interests and free-time activities; we find it a bit boss wouldn’t be contacted until later in the
Tom: I wouldn’t know how to do what you do. embarrassing. This is made even worse when we application process.
The fact that you find it easy means you’re don’tt think abou
don’ aboutt these activi ties in terms of the Grace: Yes, that could potentially be extremely
intelligent, quick to learn, hard-working ... skills we need to complet
complete e them. If everybody awkward, couldn’t it? What about friends who
Klaudia: Hrnrri, maybe. But should I mention all did that, then you’d start seeing a lot more know you well?
that on my CV? impressive interests sections in CVs. Oliver: I’d say it’s better to go with a professional
Tom: Absolutely. You need to select the most Grace: So you mean I’d get more than simply or academic referee than friends. The way I sec
important things,
things, the most
most relevant things for reading, going to the theatre and football? it, friends can only really provide a character
the job you’re applying for. What is the job, by Oliver: Yes. I think so. reference and are not usually in a position to
the way? comment on your performance at work.
Grace: I mean, ‘football’ - this doesn’t even tell
Klaudia: It's an executive PA job for an us if the applicant plays football or just enjoys Grace: Yes,
Yes, I agree. I think iit’s
t’s better
bett er to resist
international bank. sitting in front of the television watching their the temptation of putting a friend, even though
Tom: So quite high-powered then? Did you say favourite team. you know they will sing your praises. Recent
you take minutes at meetings? Oliver: I agree.
agree. If your interes
interests
ts are active, graduates should definitely have an academic
Klaudia: Yes, at board meetings. and it’s better to include active interests than referee.
Tom: Don’t you think that’s impressive? It. shows passive ones, then it’s worth highlighting this Oliver: Yeah, a personal tutor or the head of the
you can follow high-level meetings, listen and fact. Most job-hunters simply do not go into course or any of the lecturers that they got on
write intelligently, and produce important and enough detail in this section. Where they could well with.
reliable company documents. I’d say that’s pretty be demonstrating their perso
personality,
nality, their skills Grace: Exactly. An academic reference can be
impressive. and achievements, they come across as dull and really useful if you didn’t get the results you were
Klaudia: I suppose so. uninteresting. Tor example, I once read a CV expecting, as they can confirm the reasons for
where under the interests section the applicant this - if y
you
ou were ill, for example. In that
th at way a
Tom: And what about before? You’ve never done
had just written, ‘captain of the football team’. bad result might not actually harm your chances
any other job?
Okay, being a captain is an achievement but it of getting a job.
Klaudia: Only casual jobs. Nothing special. When
doesn’t really tell us that much. Was he a good Oliver: That's a good point.
I was in New York I worked as a nanny for three captain, or a bad one? I later found out that he
months. Grace: Basically, I think employers contact
had led his team through a competitive university
Tom: In New York? You didn’t mention that
t hat on referees to confirm the facts on your CV, and so
competition, and had motivated the team to
your resume! That’s really impressive - if you’ve long as your referees can back up the facts, then
their first ever appearance in the final. Why
lived and worked abroad, you’ve got to mention didn't he put some of that in his CV? It would’ve you’ve got nothing to worry about.
it. Where else have you worked? made such a difference and been so much more
impressive.
86 Audioscript

Oliver: Well, yes, but you also want your referees Felix: Right. The most important thing to bear in this experience has provided me with the
to say lots of nice things about you. Another mind is that every cover letter should be written qualifications, experience and skills you are
mportant thing is to give a copy of your CV to specifically for the position you're applying for. looking for.’
♦cur referee, which will then help them when You should show that you've read about the Oliver: Yes, I like that.
they're asked to provide a reference. company, done some research and thought
Grace: Yeah, you’re right. It's amazing how many about the specific position you’re applying for.
people forget to do this. And then all you've got Vicky: What, you mean I should investigate the Grace: What do you think of the ending to this
to do is add the names and contact details to the company in more depth, on the Internet for cover letter, Oliver?
end of your CV. example? Oliver: Well, I like the phrase ‘I would appreciate
Oliver: Well, actually no. I'm not so sure I agree Felix: Exactly. Find out as much as you possibly the opportunity to meet with you to discuss my
Aith you on this one. can. Then, when you write your letter, you should credentials’ - it’s very polite and professional.
Grace: What do you mean? concentrate on demonstrating the skills that But I’m not so keen on the first line. Very few
Oliver: In my opinion you don’t need to provide are required for the post, what you can offer the applicants can boast about having too much
the names and contact details of your references company. experience or too many skills to cover in their
n your CV.
CV. I think it’s a waste of valu
valuable
able space, Vicky: I see what you mean. Do you think I letter. I think this
thi s is best avoided.
especially if you’re trying to get your CV on a should send a copy of my university degree Grace: Yes, I agree with that. There are definitely
single page. certificate with the letter? too many letters in which applicants make
Grace: But how will your employer contact your Felix: No, don’t bother. If a company wants to amazing
back them claims without
up. What having
about the any evidence
other to
example?
êferees? see any documents like that, they’ll ask for them
Oliver: Well, that’s just it. I don’t think at this later. I’ll tell you what
what.. I’ll
I ’ll send you a copy of a Oliver: I like it. It’s a good ending for me. The
really good cover letter and make some notes tone is appropriate, it's tentative and polite.
stage of the application process that they’re
going to. You can simply put ‘References on it so you can see what I mean and use it for Especially the use of ‘might’ in the phrase ‘how I
available on request' and then provide them later inspiration. might contribute to your company'.
on if you’re asked to. The aim of the CV is to get Vicky: Thanks so much, Felix, you’ve been a Grace: Yes. It's certainly positive. The only
.ou an interview, and I don’t think any employer great help. I’ll let you know how I get on with the thing I’d add is that, although it’s good that
is going to spend their valuable time checking application. the applicant has mentioned the company's
references before they’ve even met you and think Felix: No problem. And if you need anything else, goals, it’s important that they really have a
you could be the right person for the job. just ask.
just ask. good understanding of what these goals are.
Grace: Hmm, I hadn’t really thought of it like Otherwise it’s going to be very difficult for
that. them to explain how they are going to help the
Oliver: Well, Grace, what do you think about this company fulfil them when they’re invited to an
Oliver: Plus, if you were planning to change jobs,
as an opening for a cover letter? interview.
this would solve the potential problem of your
current boss being contacted by the company Grace: I’m sorry to say, but I think it's a bit of a Oliver: You’re right. That’s a good point. I also
you’re applying for work with. disaster, Oliver. First of all, the applicant hasn't like the fact that the applicant has thanked the
even mentioned what position they're applying company for their time and consideration.
consideration.
Grace: I can see your point. But what if I’ve got a
for, and in the second sentence they have Grace: Yeah. It's very polite and respectful.
really
to impressive
impress referee?future
the potential Someone who’s going
employer? obviously just taken a lot of phrases straight
from the company's own website, word for word.
Oliver: Well, in that case I'd certainly think about
including them, if I had enough space. Oliver: Yes, I see what you mean. It’s really Nina: Hi, Silvia. I understand that you are
important that the applicant makes it preparing for an interview.
mm 3.1
3. 1 immediately clear precisely what job they’re Silvia: Yes, my interview is next week and I’m
Felix: Hello, Felix speaking. applying for. This example is far too vague. And already really nervous.
when it comes to company phrases and mission Nina: Okay. So, let’s start at the beginning. Do
Vicky: Hi, Felix. It’s Vicky.
statements, it’d be much better if the applicant you know where the office is?
Felix: Hi, Vicky. It’s good to hear from you. What had put this into their own words.
can I do for you? Silvia: No
No..
Grace: I totally agree.
Vicky: I’m after a bit of career advice, actually. Nina: Well, you need to make sure you know
Oliver: Now this next cover letter is much better. exactly where you’re going. I would suggest that
Felix: Really? Are you changing jobs? The applicant has specifically mentioned the you arrive at the office at least ten minutes early
Vicky: Hopefully, yes. I’ve been working for Green position they’re applying for and also how they so that you can enter the company exactly on
Pharmaceuticals for three years now, but I feel found out about the job. time. Take an umbrella in case it rains, and make
my career prospects here are rather limited. Grace: You’re right, but later on at the end of sure you’ve got a contact telephone number so
Anyway, I’ve found a couple of interesting jobs the paragraph the applicant claims that they’re that you can call if you get delayed on the way.
online. the right person for the job just because they are Silvia: That ’s a great idea.
i dea. I was also going to
Felix: I see. So have you applied for any of the interested in the position. ask my friend, Jill, to give me a lift and come
jobs? Oliver: I know! along
alon g for some supp
support
ort on the day. I thought
thou ght I’d
Vicky: Not yet, no. I haven’t written a cover letter Grace: It simply isn’t logical to say that you’re meet up with her to practise my English before
for years and I’m not really sure what to put in suitable for a job because you’re interested in it. the interview as it’s going to be the first time I’ve
it. I wondered whether you’ve got any tips or I’m interested in medicine but I'm certainly not ever had an interview in English!
suggestions that could help? qualified to be a doctor. The applicant should’ve Nina: It's a good idea to meet a friend to practise
concentrated more on how their academic your English before the interview, to get you
background matches the requirements for the warmed up if you like, but I wouldn’t take anyone
Felix: Cover letters are really important, and I’ve job..
job into the building itself.
got some great tips that I give all job seekers. Oliver: What do you think about the last Silvia: Oh. Why not?
Vicky: Oh thanks, Felix. example? Nina: You want to demonstrate your
Felix: First of all, it’s extremely
extremely iimportant
mportant that Grace: It starts off okay but the ending is far too independence, and you’ll only do this by arriving
you create a positive impression. If you're confident and boastful for me. on time on your own and appearing relaxed.
sending your application by post then you should Oliver: Definitely. The applicant should have Another thing you should do is take a copy of
use good-quality, matching paper for your cover toned down the phrase ‘have absolutely no your resume and examples of your work with
letter and CV. doubt’ - it’s far too strong. A better alternative you.
Vicky: Right. would be ‘I am confident that’ or ‘I believe that’. Silvia: But I’ve already sent them to the
Felix: Also, remember not to be too informal as Grace: Yes. I also think that ‘an indispensable company.
you want to sound as professional as possible. So member’ is too strong. I’d prefer something Nina: Yes
Yes,, I kno
know.
w. But
B ut there'
the re's
s no reason why
don’t use any contractions - you know, write ‘I like ‘a valuable asset’ or ‘a competent you can’t take extra copies for yourself, and
am’ and not ‘I’m’, for example. candidate’. They could have even rephrased the anyway they might not be able to find yours.
Vicky: Okay. sentence slightly and finished with ‘I believe Most candidates don't do this, so it’ll impress
Audioscript 87

the interviewer and show them that you’re Receptionist: As far as I kno
know,
w, th
there’s
ere’s only two 3
well-organised. During the interview it’s almost of you scheduled for today, although I think there After four unsuccessful interviews I decided to
certain that the interviewer will refer to things mightt be another
migh a nother ca
candidate
ndidate tomorrow morning.
morning. start practising my technique with a friend to try
written on your resume. Having a copy of your That’s it, I think. and discover what was going wrong.
wrong. Immediately
own will help you to organise a successful Matt Lewis: Hello. You must be Silvia Carnali. my friend helped me to identify the problem.
response. I’m Matt Lewis. When I was answering the questions I had a
Silvia: What tips have you got on answering Silvia: Yes, that’s right. It’s a pleasure to meet tendency to look at the floor and not back into
questions? you. the intervi
int erviewer’s
ewer’s eyes.
eyes. It was really obvi
obvious
ous as
Nina: Well, obviously there are some questions soon as I realised what I’d been doing. Now I
Matt: I’m sorry I’m late. Our meeting overran
make a real effort to look into the interviewer’s
that you can predict you re going to be asked a bit.
during the interview. Some questions always eyes, taking care not to stare, though. It’s worked
Silvia: Tha
That’s
t’s okay
okay.. I was just admir
admiring
ing the
th e office.
office.
come up, and others you know you’ll be asked for me.
Matt: So, Silvia - may I call you Silvia?
because of what’s on your resume, or simply 4
because of the job you’ve applied for. You should Silvia: Of course.
In my first interview, not wanting to seem
definitely spend some time thinking about how Matt: How are you?
scared or nervous, I leaned back in the chair as
you might answer these questions, and learn Silvia: I’m very well, thank you. I thought it would make me seem more relaxed.
some impressive words and phrases in English Matt: Would you like a coffee or a drink before It was a terrible mistake. I must've looked like
to use at the interview. However I don't think it’s we begin?
a great idea to memorise long answers, as you’ll Silvia: No, thank you, I’m fine. a lazy teenager
teen ager
I interview watching
watch
people on aing TV.
TV. Inbasis
regular my current
and myjob
seem mechanical and unnatural.
Matt: Okay. Well, let’s go into my office then, advice would be that it’s important to sit up
Silvia: So you think I should practise some straight during the interview, with your hands
shall we?
expressions in English, but I shouldn’t try to either on your lap or on the arm of the chair.
memorise complete answers? 2 When you answer questions it’s also a good idea
Nina: Exactly. Karl: Good morning. My name is Karl Osborne. to lean slightly forward and then lean back when
Silvia: And what about what I should wear for I’m Head of Production here at the theatre. It’s you've finished speaking. This will help the flow
the interview? It’s for a communications agency nice to meet you at last. of the interview as the interviewer will realise
in central London. Alex: Thank you. It's nice to meet you too, Mr when you’ve finished.
Nina: Well, I would definitely suggest wearing Osborne.
5
smart, formal clothes, especially if it’s a job Karl: Please, call me Karl.
The last interview
inter view I had was for a secretarial
secretar ial
dealing with clients or customers. And it's better Alex: Thank you. And I’m Alex. position with a big international accountancy
to tie or comb your hair back. Karl: So, Alex. Did you have any trouble finding firm. I really wanted the job and was very excited
Silvia: Why’s that? us? and nervous about the interview. Right at the
Nina: Making sure your hair isn’t covering your Alex: No, no trouble at all. Your directions were beginning of the interview, the interviewer
eyes demonstrates openness and suggests you excellent. offered me a coffee. I was so nervous that my
have nothing to hide. Karl: How did you get here? hands started shaking uncontrollably and I
Silvia:
Silv ia: How inte
interesting.
resting. I'd never thought of it spilled it all over myself. I was so embarrassed.
like that. Alex:
then I Well, I got
got the the train to Liverpool Street and
tube. I got cleaned up and then had the interview,
Nina: Oh, one last thing. still smelling of coffee. Amazingly I still got the
Karl: So you managed to avoid the rain then? I
jo
job.
b. I’m sure they
they must
must’’ve just felt
felt sorry
sorry for
for mme.
e.
Silvia: Yes? can’t believe the weather at the moment!
But my advice would be never accept any drinks
Nina: Do you use any of those social networking Alex: I know. It’s awful, isn’t it? Still, it’s during an interview, except possibly a glass of
sites, like Facebook, for example? supposed to get better by the weekend. water, as there is far too great a risk of disaster,
Silvia: Yeah! I use Facebook all the time. Karl: Let’s hope so. So, Alex, how did you find especially
especial ly if your
your hands shake like mine d do.
o. Play
Pl ay
Nina: Employers often check applicants out on out about us? We’re quite a small theatre and we it safe and refuse thet he offer politely.
sites like these. It’s pretty much common practice didn’t advertise the position in a lot of places.
for big City firms. Alex: You were highly recommended to me by a
Silvia: Really? How scary! friend who works here.
here. He heard about
abou t the job 1
Nina: Exactly. So check your privacy settings and suggested I apply. Well, I’ve never really thought about it. I suppose
so that you can control who has access to your Karl: Oh really, who was that? I’d like to be married with kids, perhaps. My
page. And check the content of your site so that sister’s got three kids, and they’re really great.
whatever information they do see will help you I’d also like to be doing a job I enjoy. There’s
come across as a professional individual and 1 nothing worse than being stuck in a boring job
exactly the type of person they’d like to employ. I remember the first
firs t inter
interview
view I ever had for a where you have the same routine every day. It’d
Silvia: That’s a great idea. Thanks, Nina. You’ve trai
traineeshi
neeship
p in the City.
City. I had difficulty finding the be a job with lots of responsibility, but I suppose
been a real help. company and had to run to the interview to avoid not
1wastoo much.
lucky I wouldn’t
enough to getwant to get
this job, it’dstressed.
be great,If
being late. I arrived covered in sweat. I must’ve
looked and smelt terrible. It’s enough to say that but I suppose five years is a long time without a
1 1didn’t get the position. My advi
advice
ce would be to change, so I’d try to get a promotion, if I could.
Silvia: Hello. I’m here for an interview with Mr find out where the office is before the interview 2
Lewis. My name is Silvia Carnali. to avoid being late, and to use a good deodorant
They’d say I was a great leader and an essential
before going in.
Receptionist: Ah yes, Ms Carnali. Nice to meet member of any team. They’d say my judgement
you. I’m afraid M r Lewis is in a meeting at. the 2 was inspired, and that I rarely make any
moment. I used to be extremely nervous during interviews. mistakes.
Silvia: That's quite all right. Shall I take a seat There was this one time when there was a panel 3
and wait over there? of three interviewers rather than just one. I
Well, usually there needs to be a clear picture of
Receptionist: Yes,
Yes, I'm sure he’ll be out in a was almost sick when I walked in the door. My
what the aims of the project are. So it’s essential
minute. Can I get you anything while you wait? voice started shaking throughout the interview.
to speak to everyone involved before taking
Silvia: No, thank you, I’m fine. Actually, have you I thought I was going to have a panic attack.
any action. In my current job we use project
got a company brochure or something I could I’ve slowly lea
learnt
rnt to overcome this problem. I try
management software to help us keep track of
read about the company? to think positively and confidently and relax. I
what we have to do and when we have to do it.
take a couple of big deep breaths before I go in
Receptionist: Yes,
Yes, of course. He
Here’s
re’s a recent Of course,
course, iit’s
t’s important
import ant tha t someone keeps an
and then during the interview concentrate on
company brochure. eye on whether people are actually doing what
Silvia: That’s great. Thank you very much. By the breathing
the slowly
questions as and taking
calmly as I my
can.time to answer they’re supposed to be doing, and obviously you
way, do you know how many people are being also need to deal with unexpected situations as
interviewed for this job? they come up.
88 Audioscript
your skills and experience relevant for the post

you are being interviewed for.
I see myself doing a job I really
reall y enjoy. I’ll have Grace: ‘What do you see as your strengths?’
plenty of responsibility, which will make me Now his second answer about what he learnt This is such a common question and so often it's
proud of the work I do. But I won’t be stressed, at university sounds impressive, but it’s a bit wasted! It’s a golden opportunity to concentrate
because I'll make sure I only take on what I can confusing. It feels like Alejandro
Alejandr o has just listed on your strengths and why you are the right
manage. If you offer
offer me this job, I II expec
expectt to some of the options on his degree course and he candidate for the post.
impress you enough with my attitude and my doesn't demonstrate that he has learnt anything.
Oliver: I agree. Although it's not a good idea just
results that you’ll offer me a promotion. He doesn’t go into enough detail or relate his
to claim that you’re really good at certain things
answer to the requirements
requir ements of the position.
without also giving some evidence to prove that
With this question I think the employer is really
these claims are true. Applicants need to use
interested in real-life
real-life transferable skills that
The first thing I do is make sure I've got a really evidence from their experience to support what
Alejandro will be able to use in the position he
clear picture of what I need to achieve. Let me they say.
has applied for.
give you an example. Last year I managed a Grace: I think it’s also important that they use
project to archive all our old customer billing When Alejandro starts talking about the kinds of
confident, direct language, such as ‘I am good at’
records, which were in huge piles of paper in things he worries about I think the interviewer
rather than using weaker, tentative language like
a storage room. So I needed to be really clear would really start to get a bit worried at this
‘Well, I think I’m quite good at’.
about what information was important. I always point! His answer
answe r about work is okay but he
goes on far too long. I think he mentioned
menti oned the Oliver: Right. An interview is not a time to be
speak to everyone involved before I take any
action. In this case,
case, I spoke to the admin staff environment to sound serious bul he didn't go modest about your strengths and abilities. You’ve
into any detail, and his fear of tropical diseases, got to sell yourself. How about ‘What university
who were actually going to use the archive, did you attend and why did you choose it?’
as well as to their boss, to find out what they well, that's not something I’d share in an
interview! If I were Alejandro, I’d stick to common Grace : I chose my
my university as it was the closest
needed. I always use project management
professional concerns and keep my answer brief. to home!
software to help me keep track of what I have
to do and when I have to do it. This was really The question about whether Alejandro is an Oliver:
Oli ver: But you wouldn’t say that in an interview,
interview,
important
importa nt with my archiving
archivi ng project, because
becau se I ambitious person is an excellent opportunity would you?
was managing quite a large team of people. B But
ut to talk about career plans which include your Grace: No, not at all. With this question the
I also make sure I keep an eye on whether my prospective employer. Don’t mention any university that someone chooses isn’t as
team are actually doing what they’re supposed professional
profession al object
objectives
ives if they don't include important as their reasons for selecting it. The
The
to be doing, and don’t just rely on the software. the organisation that is interviewing you. It’s question is assessing an applicant’s reasoning
And I deal with unexpected situations as they best to talk about how you are looking forward ability. So, you should focus on the academic and
come up.
up. For
Fo r example,
example, seve
several
ral memb
members
ers of my to developing a lasting relationship with the educational reasons involved in your decision.
team went on sick leave, and I had to get some company interviewing
intervi ewing you. For example, ‘I chose to go to this university
temporary workers in and train them up quickly because it had a good English department’.
so I didn’t miss any deadlines. Oliver: Exactly. I d also stress that
th at the decision
Interviewer: Can you tell us something about was your own and not your parents’.
yourself? Grace: ‘What are your weaknesses?’ What do
Interviewer: Can you tell us something about Alejandro: Well, I’m motivated and I pul a lot of you think of applicants that
th at say they have no
yourself? effort into everything I do, whether I’m studying weaknesses?
Alejandro: Well, I’m 24. I recently graduated at university, at work or even when I’m playing Oliver: Well, I’d think that they’re lying or
from the University of Barcelona with a BSc in sport. During my last year at university
univ ersity I was completely lacking any sort of self-awareness.
Economics. I enjoy playing sports, especially captain of the basketball team. I had to organise Grace: I would use this question to give a
tennis and basketball. Our basketball team got matches and motivate the players. As captain
weakness that could be perceived as a strength,
to the regional final in my last year at university. it was essential that I was able to communicate such as ‘I can be a bit of a perfectionist’.
effectively and get along with everybody in the
Interviewer: What did you learn during your time Although I would avoid personal characteristics
team ... and for the first time in years our team that could be perceived as serious character
at university? managed to reach the regional final. We didn’t flaws.
Alejandro: I studied Economics. And, well, I win, unfortunately, but leading the team to the
learnt a lot about economics, microeconomics, Oliver: Hmm. I’m not sure I agree. I would state
final was a big achievemen
achi evementt for m
me.
e.
macroeconomics, positive economics, and how a knowledge-based weakness, for example
economies work as economic systems, and what Interviewer: What did you learn during your needing to improve IT skills, arid then go on to
the relationship is between economic players in time at university? talk about the things you are doing to remedy
society. Alejandro: Oh, lots of things. My Economics this problem. Now, what about ‘What do you like
degree was very practical, and there were doing in your spare time?’
Interviewer: What kinds of things do you worry
many elements of the degree that could be Grace: Ah. What interviewers are looking for
about? applied to the business world. I had a number here are your transferable skills.
Alejandro: I worry about quite a lot of things. of challenging assignments, which often had to Oliver: Yes, exactly. So somebody who likes
I worry about the environment. I worry about be completed within a short period of time. This team sports is likely to be better at working in a
my work. MyM y work is extre
extremely
mely importan
imp ortantt and helped me to develop my prioritising skills and team, whereas individual sports might indicate
I can be a perfectionist at times, everything has ability to work to tight deadlines. determination and self-mot
self-motivatio
ivation.
n. S
Saying
aying
to be just right. If there
there’’s something wrong with that you play chess suggests intelligence and
a project I'm working on, then I can get really Interviewer: What kinds of things do you worry
about? analytical skills.
skills.
frustrated and worried until it’s sorted out. I had
Alejandro: I worry about normal things, the Grace: Right. I think the best advice here is to be
a problem like this last week, but it was okay
same as everybody
everyb ody else, I think. I worr
worryy about specific and try to include something unusual, as
in the end. I also worry about catching tropical
meeting deadlines and getting everything done this will raise the interviewer's interests and help
dis
disease
eases
s when I gogo on holiday.
them to remember you over other candidates.
on time. I used to worry about data on my
Interviewer: Would you say you’re an ambitious computer quite a bit. Now I back up all my data It’s a shame that so many applicants just say
person? on an external hard drive, so that everything something general such as travelling or reading.
Alejandro: Yes, I would say that I’m ambitious. is protected. This way I’ve got one less thing to Oliver: I agree. If they are going to say that, they
Definitely. worry about. should at least be specific and talk about places
they’ve travelled to, and the types of books they
Interviewer: Would you say you’re an ambitious enjoy reading. Also, it’s great if you can identify
person? interests that share characteristics with the
Grace: The first question was ‘tell us something
about yourself. Here Alejandro makes two major Alejandro: Yes, I would say that I'm ambitious. requirements for the job. This would obviously
mistakes. Firstly, his response
respons e is too short - all I’m very keen to get a job with a company such impress any interviewer.
your answers should be between 20 seconds and as yours where I can make full use of my degree Grace: That’s a great piece of advice.
two minutes. Secondly, he has made the common and professional experience. I am a dedicated
mistake of simply repeating details from his CV. worker and would hope to gain internal
You should use this opportunity to demonstrate promotion based on my perfor mance at work.
Audioscript 89
■■ 4.
4.11
11 Silvia: Well, it’
it’s
s really some
something
thing that attracted
attra cted
me to Futerra. The fact that you work with lots of
promoted to senior sales assistant, where I
managed two other employees. When I was at
Interviewer: What do you see as your strengths? university in Turin, before moving to England last
different clients in various sectors means there
Lidia: I am organised and apply a systematic would probably be a variety of interesting and summer, I used to be the captain of the female
approach to my work. I believe in good time different projects to get involved in. volleyball team, which included managing the
management. This enables me to get work done team and also the finances for playing fees. I
Matt: That’s true. And what attracted you to the
in time. I'm also able to prioritise my work and think the leadership skills that I have developed
position of Junior Consultant?
work under pressure if deadlines are moved both at university and in my last job are very
Silvia: Well, one of my strengths is developing
forward. For example, in my last job there were relevant for this position. So, to sum up, I feel
quieter periods and periods of high activity when communication strategies, and I've been
I am a highly effective communicator, fluent in
there was a lot of pressure to complete tasks on looking for an organisation that does a lot
Italian and English and very proficient in French.
time. I implemented a new system for managing of communication and marketing work, as
well as dealing with environmental issues. I can work well under pressure and am able to
the workload in our team and planning ahead. delegate effectively. Flaving worked with a variety
Basically, I’d like a position where I could use
This way we were able to share the work more of different teams I would say I have a proven
my communication experience on projects that
effectively and always ensure that we had the track record in teamwork.
personally appeal to me. The Junior Consultant
capacity to deal with increased pressure and any
unexpected problems.
post combines these two areas at a company
with a well-established reputation.
mm 4.15
Rafa: Well, tha
t hat’s
t’s a difficult question to
t o answer. I Dan: How do your skills and experience match
Matt: You mentioned that you looked at our
think
takes I’m a very
pride myhard
in my worker
work. Bein gand
Being somebody
very determin who
determined
ed website. What did you think of it? the requirements for the position of Junior
Consultant at Futerra?
means that I always make sure that I complete Silvia: I thought it was very attractive and
Silvia: Well, I think I'm suitable for the position
work that I set myself. I’m reliable and good at professional, really excellent. You came across
at Futerra because I understand the issues you
working with other people. I can speak French online as an exciting, dynamic place to work.
deal with and am passionate about them. Four
and Spanish fluently and definitely feel I have the It's clear from your website that Futerra is quite
years ago I joined Greenpeace and have been
skills that this job requires. a small company, which means that everybody
an active member ever since. Following my BA I
has got to work well as a team, with everybody
Interviewer: What university did you attend and found out about an exciting project in Kenya and
playing an important role.
why did you choose it? spent six months there educating local people
Dan: Wouldn’t you prefer to work for a bigger
Lidia: I did a lot of research into universities, about the need for reforestation. That’s really
organisation?
both abroad and in Spain. In the end I decided to when I started getting interested in sustainability
Silvia: No. I would rather work in this sort of and also when I started learning about different
go to the University of Barcelona as it was clear
environment where the impact of your work is communication strategies. For example, our
that its Economics department had an excellent
clearer and more immediate, than work for a team found that simply putting up posters didn't
reputation. I’m also interested in doing an
huge multinational company where I think I’d feel really have much of an impact, but going and
International MBA at the Instituto de Empresa in
lost, a tiny part of a huge machine.
machine. I definitely talking to respected members of the community
Madrid in the future.
feel, from everything I’ve learnt about Futerra, and getting them to talk to others was much
Rafa: Well, I wasn’t sure to be honest but Sevilla that this is the type of organisation
organi sation I’d like to more effective. When I was at university I was the
university was the easiest option as it was work for. communications officer of the student union and
closest, and also my parents really wanted me
to go there. I was responsible for dealing with suppliers and
other student organisations. So I’ve got quite a
Interviewer: Wha t are your weaknesses? Matt: Well, Dan, what did you think of her? lot of communication experience. I know you’re
Lidia: Well, my French is a bit rusty, so I have Dan: I liked her. She'd certainly done her also looking for someone who's good at research.
recently started evening classes to improve it. I homework on us. I mean, I was very impressed For my dissertation for my MA I’m researching
used to be a bit disorganised at university but when she said that before applying for the how best to communicate reforestation issues,
I’ve started using to-do lists, which has enabled position she’d
she ’d done a lot of research into the building on my own practical experiences gained
me to prioritise tasks more efficiently. market and that we had come out on top. It was in Kenya. So to sum up, I think I'm suitable for
clear that she’d really looked hard at our website. the position at Futerra for three reasons. Firstly,
Rafa: That’s a difficult question. I’d have to
say that my main weaknesses are that I am a Matt: Yes, I agree. I've done a lot of communication work. Secondly,
perfectionist and insist on everything being just I’m a good team worker, and finally, because I
Dan: I think she's the first candidate that knew
right, and that I am quite stubborn at times. have a good understanding of the sustainability
that we work with a wide variety of clients, and
issues this agency deals with.
had identified who these clients were.
Interviewer: What do you like doing in your
spare time? Matt: Tha t’s true. I also liked the fact tha
thatt she
was confident and supported her claim that she
5.1
Lidia: I enjoy playing volleyball and was captain
understood the issues we deal with. I came away
of the team during my last year at university. Well, during my studies I used to support myself
feeling that she really does understand a lot
I still play regularly for a local club and love by working part-time in a law office. Most of the
about sustainab
sustainability.
ility.
going away with the team for matches against time it worked well. I could manage my time so
other clubs. I’m also a keen traveller. During Dan: Yes, and her recent work experience and
knowledge from her MSc definitely fit in with
that I could work when I didn’t have lectures.
the summer last year I spent a month in Africa Also, it really helped me with my studies to
working with volunteers at a national reserve. I’m what we’re looking for. Lots of applicants have
have some real-life experience to support the
currently planning an expedition to Thailand. looked great on paper, but she really seemed to
theoretical input I was getting at university. But
know what we’re about and what the job here
Rafa: In my free time I enjoy reading, going to then in my final year, I was offered the chance
would involve.
the cinema, travelling and I also go swimming to get involved in a really high-powered case
twice a week.
■■ 4.14
4.14 with a major multinational client who wanted
to take over a local company. I was very keen to
M 4.12 Interviewer: What skills and experiences do you
have that are relevant for this position?
get involved because it was exactly the sort of
Matt: What do you know about Futerra and why experience I needed. The problem was, it was at
would you like to work here? Susana: I think the position of sales assistant exactly the same time as my exam session. I had
requires somebody who has got good customer to choose between studying for my exams and
Silvia: Well, before applying for this position I
service skills. In my last job at Alton Tower
Towers
s getting involved in the case ...
did some research into the market and Futerra
Themepark I was responsible for selling
came out on top. I know tha
thatt F
Futerr
uterra
a is a sm
small
all
souvenirs, so I am used to dealing with
organisation, which is just what I’m looking for.
customers. Initially I was only responsible for A few years ago my college got involved in a
I had a look at your website and could see that
operating various rides, but as I can speak both competition against other colleges to design and
you work with a variety of people, from informing
Italian and English fluently, and have a good build innovative labour-saving devices. It was just
journalists
journalists about climate
climate change
change to develo
developing
ping
command of French, I was asked to work in the a bit of fun, but the idea was that we'd develop
communication strategies for NGOs, businesses
and the government. This impressed me a lot. gift shop instead. This period of employment our practical design and engineering skills as well
also gave me valuable experience of managing as our ability to cooperate with each other and
Dan: That’s great to hear, but can you tell us why people, as after two weeks in the shop I was share tasks. One of my friends came up with a
this impressed you?
90 Audioscript
tnlliant idea, a pram pusher for getting babies with legal action, and he just couldn’t deal with
to sleep, and put together a design. The other all those problems and keep his business going
Neil: Hello, Vicky. My name is Neil Forrest, and
gv.s did some great creative stuff, making it look at the same time. I agreed to give him another
this is my colleague Julia Smith. First of all, we’d
■eally cool and working on the mechanics. My month to repay, and we continued supplying him
like to thank you very much for coming here
ro4e, although crucial, was a bit less glamorous, during that time. This gave him the freedom to
today. We’ve read your CV and cover letter but
res gning the electronics to actually make it hire a temporary accountant, and within a few
wonder if you could tell us a little bit more about
i-ork. It was a fairly straightforward job, so I days he’d managed to sort everything out. So
your educational background?
« anted to be a bit more creative
creati ve ... we actually ended up getting paid within a week,
and from then on he was a perfect customer, Vicky: Yes,
Yes, of course. I grew up and went to
and recommended us to plenty of other new school in Hong Kong. After that I went to City
-roba bly the best example is when I used to
-robably customers. University in Hong Kong where I completed a
*ork as an accounts assistant in a factory. bachelor’s degree in Business Administration.
- though my work was mostly administrative, Afterr that I moved to Manchester,
Afte Manches ter, where I
•'em time to time I had to deal with unpaid completed a Master’s in Public Relations at
Grace: So, Oliver, what is a competency-based
invoices, which meant contacting customers Manchester Metropolitan University.
question, and how are they different from
and reminding them that they needed to pay.
traditional interview questions?
Obviously this was an area that required strong
Oliver: Well, basically in a traditional interview,
customer service skills. There was one time when Neil: Could you tell us something about your
the interviewer will ask you questions focused
one ofnour
'i s ow
own regular com
transport customers,
compan
pany, a guy who
y, suddenly ran
stopped on whether you have the skills and knowledge educational background?
needed to do the job. Whereas competency- Pieter: Yes,
Yes, of cours
course.
e. I did my first degree at
paying his invoices, and wouldn’t reply to any of the University of Rotterdam. That was a fantastic
based interview questions go much further,
my emails. My boss told me to phone and tell experience because it was my first time living
asking you additional questions about your
~im we were going to stop supplying him with away from my parents,
parents, so it really
reall y taught me
character and personal attributes, to see if
goods ... how to be independent, and of course how to
you’ll fit in to the culture of the company you’ve
applied for work with. manage conflicting priorities and deadlines. I
managed to combine good academic results with
Grace: So basically, behavioural competencies
1 active membership of several sports teams. I
are the character traits and behaviour
^he problem was, it was at exactly the same time represented my university in a national rowing
qualities of an individual, such as the ability to
as my exam session. I had to choose between competition, which was a wonderful experience.
communicate effectively, leadership skills and
studying for my exams and getting involved Then when I was in the second year, I was offered
so on?
n the case. Well,
Wel l, I spoke to my professor
profess or at the opportunity to take part in an exchange
university to explain the situation, but he told Oliver: Exactly. Now in the past it might have programme at the University of St Petersburg.
me it would be impossible to rearrange the been enough to state that you were a team My university was trying to build up a good
exams. Obviously there was no way I'd expect leader on your CV, but employers have quickly relationship with partners in Russia, and they
the takeover to wait for a better time for me. I realised that this doesn’t guarantee that were desperate for volunteers. I thought it
considered trying to do both, and perhaps doing you have good leadership skills. Now you’ve would be a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, so
ess revision than I needed, but my exams were got to prove these skills in an interview, and I volunteered. I ended up having a fantastic
interviewers have developed competency-based
too important for me to take any risks. In the end questions in order to find out if you have these year there, and made friends with people from
I had to put my studies first. When I explained all over the world. When I came back, I had a
this to my employer, they were actually very attributes.
attribu tes. In these questions the interviewer
interv iewer wwill
ill student placement in my third year, when I spent
supportive, and when they saw how disappointed be looking for evidence of how you acted in real three months doing some market research at a
: was at missing the opportunity, they made sure situations in the past that demonstrate these bank. They were trying to find ways of improving
l got more involved in the next big case that competencies. customer service, so I helped set up a focus
came up. That happened a few months later, Grace: But wouldn’t a candidate have stated group and analyse the results. Then after my
and it was a fantastic experience. And because these competencies in their CV? first degree, I moved to America
Ameri ca to complete a
I d had a chance to study properly, I passed my Oliver: Perhaps briefly, but not in any real detail Psychology Major at Yale.
exams with a very good grade. So it all worked as there’s not enough space on a CV to go into
out in the end. any real depth about a specific situation and
how you dealt with it. That’s what an interview Neil: As you know, the position here at Clyde
is all about. Interviewers will certainly take your <St John
Jo hnso
son’s
n’s requir
requires
es somebody
som ebody with strong
s trong
My role, although crucial, was a bit less CV and cover letter as a starting point, but then communication and organisational skills. Could
glamorous, designing the electronics to actually they’ll go into much more depth, trying to assess you tell us about a time when you had to use
make it work.
work. It was a fairly
fairl y straightforward
straight forward job, whether you’re the right person for the job and these skills at work?
so I wanted to be a bit more creative. Anyway, the company. Vicky: Yes, of course. At the moment I spend
I put together
togethe r the electronics
electronic s very quick
quickly,
ly, but
Grace: Is it possible to prepare for a a lot of time travelling between Asia and
I wanted to try something new, so I started
competency-based question? Europe working with regional teams organising
playing
playin g around with extra features - a remote
control, a timer, different speed settings, that Oliver: Definitely, and it’s essential that you do. educational events, so I use both of these skills
Competency-based questions are looking for on a regular
regula r basis. Let me give you an example.
example.
sort of thing. I’d never done anything like that
stories of your actions in the past, and it’s these As you know, the Chinese market is growing in
oefore, but it was a great way to learn. The
stories that provide evidence of your skills and all areas, including pharmaceuticals. However,
other guys in the team really liked my ideas,
competencies. It’s all about proving you have the at the time,
time, Green Pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceutica ls felt they
so they adapted their designs slightly to take
right skills and personality for the position. didn’t have enough contacts in China. It was clear
advantage of my modifications. In the end we
Grace: So you’re saying that candidates should that the situation wasn't very good for us. We
won the competition, and the judges specifically
prepare stories that demonstrate evidence of the needed to improve things. So in order to increase
mentioned my extra features as an important
competencies needed for a particular job? our number of contacts in China I decided to
factor in our success.
success. And, of course,
course, I learnt
l earnt a lot
organise a pharmaceutical conference in Beijing.
of new skills in the process. Oliver: Yes. And it’s essential that, candidates
It was my responsibility to ensure that all the
identify what competencies are needed for a job,
3 and prepare these stories before the interview, right people were invited. I really had to use all
My boss told me to phone and tell him we were my skills at communicating, in both English and
otherwise it’s likely that their mind will go blank
going to stop supplying him with goods, and Mandarin, to persuade people to participate. In
in the middle of the interview and they will be
to threaten legal action. I wanted to be a bit stuck with nothing to say.
say. O
Orr worse, they will the end my hard work resulted in a successful
more delicate because I’d built up quite a good conference, with our employees meeting and
simply repeat word-for-word what is written on
relationship with the customer over the time talking to the right people. As a matter of fact
their CV, which the interviewer has already read.
I’d worked there. So I called him to find out if this conference was such a success that it is
Grace: Are competency-based questions now an annual event, and has led directly to
everything was okay.
okay. It turned out his accountant
accounta nt
common in interviews these days?
had been taken ill and he was trying to do Oliver: Definitely. Certainly in western-based closer professional relationships between Green
everything himself, and had got into a mess. Pharmaceuticals and key contacts in China.
Some of his other suppliers were threatening him cultures, they have become almost standard
practice in all interviews.
Audioscript 91

mm 5. 7 Jare k: Yes, I handed in my notice and left as

soon as I could. So what do you think I should When working on projects I am a ‘big picture’
Neil: Tell me about a time when you had to
say? person. This means that from time to time I
resolve a difficult situation.
Olivia: Personally I’d say something like, might miss some minor details. I've been aware
Vicky: Okay. There was a time when I was
'Although I really
real ly li
liked
ked my job, and the people of this for some time. So now when II’m
’m managing
managi ng
organising a conference here in London. It was
I was worki
working
ng with, I didn’t feel I was being a project I make sure that I have the support I
a couple of months ago, and it was a really
stretched enough. I’m looking for a position in need to keep an eye on specific minor details,
important conference. Anyway, what happened
which I can develop my professional skills further.’ leaving me free to concentrate on managing the
was one of the main guest speakers, who was
Sounds impressive, doesn't it? entire project. I think successful management is
due to give the opening address, had his flight
Jar ek: Ye
Yes,
s, I like
like it, an
and
d it’
it’s
s partly true
true,, but it about getting the right team together and then
cancelled and wasn't sure if he was going to
wasn't the main reason I left. completely trusting them to do the job you ve
make it on time. It was very important the
given them.
participants were happy with the conference, Olivia: I know, but you’ve got to play the
and I knew they would be disappointed if he game. Of course you shouldn’t lie about your
didn’t show up. So I decided to try and find background, qualifications and experience, but
another flight for the speaker. After a bit of you’ve got to focus on the positives in every Interviewer: Well, your job sounds very
negotiating with a different airline, I managed question and avoid any negatives. You should interesting. Considering the fact that you are now
to get him booked onto a slightly later flight. never say anything negative about yourself in the seeking employment with us,us, what is it about
Unfortunately this meant that even if he came interview. your job that you dislike?
straight from the airport, he would still be a Adam: I enjoy a great deal about my current job
bit late for the opening address. I took a risk and have gained a lot of valuable experience in
and hoped that he wasn’t going to be delayed 1 the last three years. However,
However, I’m looking
looking for an
any more. As soon as he’d landed I contacted opportunity to contribute these skills to a larger
Well, in the past I sometimes used to
him, and when I knew he was in a taxi and on procrastinate a little. There were times when I organisation such as yours. I’m seeking fresh
his way, which was about five minutes before used to put things off until the last minute, when challenges and the possibility to develop further
he was supposed to be on stage, I got up on completing an essay for university for example. professionally.
the stage. I then told the participants about the But I realised that perhaps this wasn’t the most
situation and I invited them to have some coffee effective way of working and so I started setting
and cakes while we waited, which I'd organised a strict schedule for all my projects well in John: Hello. Can I speak to Alex Mencken please?
beforehand. Actually, they liked this, as it was a advance and set myself personal deadlines. Using Alex: This is Alex. How can I help you?
chance to network a little and get to know some a schedule has really helped me and I’m much John: Hello, Alex. My name is John Bradshaw
of the other conference participants. When the better organised now and able to take on more and I’m calling from King's Theatre regarding
speaker did finally arrive, it was actually difficult
difficult projects at the same time. your recent application for a position with us. Is
to get everybody back in the main hall. In the
this a good time for you?
end I managed to keep everybody happy and
Alex: Oh, I’m very happy you called.
ensure that the conference went as smoothly as Hmm. My weaknesses? Let me think. Well, in
Unfortunately I have about ten minutes before I
possible. answer to your question you mentioned that the
have to leave. Is that
tha t enough time, or can you call
staff here use Apple Macintosh computers. I a am
m
not very familiar with Apple Macs and I’m used back later this afternoon?
Jar ek: Hi, Olivia.
Olivi a. IIt’s
t’s great to see you. How are to using Windows. However, I managed to learn John : That would be fine. What time is good for
how to use a number of proprograms
grams very quickly on you? I’m free after 2pm.
you?
my own and I’m sure I’d get used to using Apple Alex: How about 2.30?
Olivia: I’m fine. Lots of work, as usual, but I’m
really enjoying it at the moment. Anyway, I’ve Macs very quickly. I really enjoy using computers John: Perfect. I’ll call you at 2.30.
got a couple
coupl e of weeks off coming up, which I’m and new gadgets, and I’m always keen to learn Alex: Great. I look forward to it.
looking forward to. So, I’ve heard you’ve got an how to use new technology.
John : Yes. So do I. Speak to you later. Goodbye.
interview here on Friday. That’s great. I knew 3 Alex: Bye.
you’d get short-listed.
short-listed. Weaknesses? Well, I can be a bit of a workaholic
Jar ek: I know, it’s great, but now I’m a bit and always get very involved in every project ■■ 5.13
stressed about the interview! I was wondering that I work on. I’m happy to spend a lot of time John: A large part of the job is managing the
if you could give me an idea about the sorts of and energy making sure that every project is as logistics of the theatre performances.
questions they might ask me. successful as possible. So, occasionally, when I Alex: I’m sorry, could you say that again? I didn’t
Olivia: Sure. My last interview was a while ago feel that other members of the team might not quite catch what you said.
now, but I think I can remember what it was like. be working as hard, I can get a little frustrated.
John : Yes.
Yes. Of course. A la
large
rge part
pa rt of the
And I can even tell you what it’s like from the I’m aware of this problem, and I try to solve
job is manag
managing
ing the logis
logistics
tics of the theatre
theatre
other side as I interview people myself now! Do situations like this by being extremely positive
performances.
you know who’s interviewing you? and enthusiastic.
Alex: Could you tell me what that would involve?
Jar ek: No, but it was a woman called Sabine
Griffin who sent me the email, inviting me in. 5.10 John : Well, basically, it means that the artistic
administrator’s got to work with everybody at
Olivia: Oh! If it’s
it’s Sabine, you
you’ll
’ll be fine - she’s i
the theatre, from the performers themselves
really nice, super organised. Although you’re I occasionally have a little difficulty making
right down to front-of house staff, security,
likely to be interviewed by two or possibly three decisions. This is because I pay a lot of attention
technical people, stage management, and so on,
people, not just
jus t her. to detail and make sure that every single decision
to ensure that the performances run as smoothly
Jare k: I thought so. So any tips
ti ps on what they’l
they ’lll I make is the best decision possible. Basically,
as possible. Oh, and they've got to manage the
be looking for? I’m somebody who carefully considers all of the
performance contracts.
Olivia: Well, first of all, they are going to want to available options before making a choice.
Alex: Do you mean booking the singers,
know why you left your last job, wh what
at was wrong musicians, set designers, directors and so on?
with it. I used to be a bit too stubborn and it was John : That’s right. You’d also participate in
Jar ek : I hate
hated
d my last
last job,
job, I could
couldn’
n’tt stand
stand the sometimes hard to get me to change my mind. advisory panel meetings a couple of times a year.
boss. He used to drive me crazy! A former colleague of mine told me that I was It sounds like a big job, doesn't, it? And it is very
Olivia: I know, but obviously you shouldn’t say becoming difficult to work with. Well, ever since important, but there’d be support, from the rest
anything negative about him or your last job. then I have put signifi
si gnificant
cant effort
effor t into my team-
team- of the team.
You’ve got to be positive and think of another working skills and now I actively ask for advice Alex: I’m having trouble hearing you. Can you
good reason for leaving. You should try not to and suggestions from my colleagues when hear me clearly?
mention any weaknesses or negatives at all making decisions.
decisions. Last year I was even asked to
John: Yes. You’re fine on my end. Can you hear
during the whole interview. You did quit, didn't
you? chair
away weekly staff meetings while our boss was
on business. me now?
Alex: Oh wait. Okay, that’s much better. I’m on
my mobile and the reception’s not great around
92 Audioscript

here. I live in a black spot! You were talking Silvia: It sounds good but I don’t want to sound
about what the job would involve. desperate, as if I’m begging for the job.
Carmen: Hi, Paul. What’s up?
John : Ah, yes. Well, another part of the job is to Sophie: Of course not. You’re not going to go
Paul: I’m a bit disappointed, actually. I didn’t get
participate in advisory panel meetings about four over the top, just a brief note, telling them that
that job in the bank.
times a year. you appreciate their time and that you’re serious
about the job. I think they’ll be impressed more Carmen: Oh no, that’s a real shame. You really
Alex: Could you explain what you mean by
than anything. I would be. wanted it, didn't you?
advisory panel meetings?
Silvia: I can see your point. Okay, so what do you Paul: Yeah. It’s so disappointing. And if I wasn't
John: Yes, of course. It’s quite simple really,
reall y, and
think I should include in the letter? good enough to work in this bank, perhaps I’m
one of the most interesting parts of the job. As
not good enough to work in any bank.
you know, here at King’s Theatre wre are trying
to support new talent.
talent. Part of this means that ■ 1 6.2 Carmen: But it s not that you re not good
every couple of months we commission a couple Sophie: Okay. Well, first things first. It’s enough. You got an interview, didn't you? So they
of plays from new writers, which we agree to important that you send the note today. Ideally must have thought you were good enough to give
finance and help develop, until they are ready you should send it on the day of the interview.
i nterview. you an interview.
to put on a showcase performance. We then Silvia: To show I’m professional, right? Paul: But I didn't get the job, did I? How do you
let them showcase their performances here at explain that?
Sophie: Exactly. This will impress the interviewer,
the theatre. At the advisory panel meeting we as most applicants do not do this, showing them Carmen: Well, they had to choose somebody,
discuss potential projects, and try to select the and they must have had lots of strong candidates
productions we think have the greatest potential. that you’re
keeping youorganised and mind.
fresh in their professional, as well as at the interview. There must have been someone
there with even better experience than you,
Silvia: Okay. I’ll email them today. But what am I
5.14 or who performed better on the day in the
going to say?
1 interview. Or perhaps they already knew who was
Sophie: Start by thanking them for having going to get the job before they started.
Candidate: Could you explain what you mean by the opportunity of attending an interview. If
piece rates? Paul: So why go to the bother of arranging
you can remember some specific things that
Interviewer: Piecework is a form of performance- interviews?
the interviewer mentioned, it would be good
related pay, where you would be paid a fixed to mention these in the letter. This will show Carmen: Sometimes companies do that. They
piece rate for each unit you produce. that you recognise the importance ol what the have interviews because they have procedures
interviewer said. All employers are looking for from head office saying they have to do it this
2 wa
way,
y, but the interviewers already
alrea dy have a strong
applicants who demonstrate good listening skills
Candidate: I’m sorry, could you say that again, favourite before they start.
and the ability to put received information into
as I didn’t quite catch what you said? Paul: Like the boss’s
boss ’s son ...
practice.
Interviewer: Ye
Yes,
s, of course. My name
n ame is Carmen: Not necessarily, no. It could be
Silvia: So basically, I should show them that 1
Mr Johnson and I'm calling to discuss your someone who did a student placement there
really listened to what they had to say about the
application for an internship here at Ariel and got on well with everybody. Or someone
job during
during ththe e interview? And te
tell
ll them that I
Publishers. recommended by someone they know. It could
want the job?
Sophie: Yes, but try to prove that you really be someone they worked with in a previous
Candidate: Do you mean that when the company understand what the job will actually involve. company.
is busy I would be required to work overtime? Demonstrate that you clearly understand the Paul: But that’s not fair.
Interviewer: Yes. Bui of course overtime rates requirements of the job and the challenges that Carmen: No, but the world’s not always fair. You
are higher than normal pay. the job will bring. Identifying these in your letter know what they say, it’s not what you know, it’s
will then allow you to go on to state confidently who you know.
4 how you will be able to do the job, and meet Paul: So, I haven't
haven' t got a chance if they just give
Candidate: I’m having trouble hearing you. Can these challenges. jobs to their
their friend
friends!
s!
you hear me clearly? Silvia: I really
reall y think I could do the job. II’ve
’ve Carmen: I’m not saying that’s what happens all
Interviewer: Yes, I can hear you perfectly this already got some ideas for some things that I the time, or even very often. In the majority of
end, although if you can’t hear me well, perhaps could do if I was given the post. cases I’m sure the contest is genuinely open. All
I’ll try and call you back on a landline. Sophie: That’s great, and exactly the type of I'm saying is that the fact that you were rejected
5 thing you should include in your letter. It will help doesn’t necessarily mean there’s something
the interviewer to clearly see you doing the job. wrong with you.
Candidate: You
Yourr advertisement
adv ertisement mentions
Concrete practical suggestions for the job will Paul: Maybe, but it doesn’t make me feel much
administrative work. Could you tell me what that
impress the interviewer and put you in a strong better.
would involve?
position.
Interviewer: Well, basically it means keeping our Carmen: What did they say in the rejection
Silvia: Their website is really good, but I’ve got letter?
records up-to-date and sending a weekly email
an idea of how I could improve it even further.
to our clients. Paul: Oh, the usual stuff. Thank you for coming
Sophie: Excellent. But don’
don ’t tell them exactly to the interview, blah blah blah, we regret to
what your idea is. If you just tell tthem
hem you’ve got inform you that your application has been
Candidate: So, if I understand you correctly, an idea, then this will get them really interested unsuccessful.
unsucces sful. If yo
you
u would like any fee
feedback
dback on
what you’re saying is the job may involve some in you and make them want to speak to you your performance, blah blah blah ...'
overtime? again. Although you’ve got to be sure that your
Carmen: Hang on, that’s really good. It means
Interviewer: Yes, but you would be paid extra idea is a winner...
they can tell you what you did wrong, or what
for this. Silvia: It is! you can impro
i mprove,
ve, or why they
th ey gave the job to
Sophie: Oh, and if you remember something someone else. You’ve got to request feedback.
important that you forgot to mention during the Paul: No, I don't feel like it. I'm depressed
Sophie: Hey, Silvia. So how did it go yesterday? interview, then this is the time and place to talk enough already. I don’t need someone listing all
Silvia: Well, I think it went well. They were really about it. It might be the crucial deciding factor in the things that are wrong with me.
nice and professional. I really hope they’ll offer getting you the job.
Carmen: Oh, come on. It’s not that bad. They’re
me the job. I’d love to work there. Silvia: Thanks, Sophie. As always you’ve been an just norma
normall people
people after all,
all, and I’m sure they’
they’ll
ll
Sophie: So, did you write and thank them for the enormous help. be nice and professional. They want to leave you
interview? Sophie: Well, let me know how you get on and with a good impression. You’re still a potential
Silvia: What? No. They’re going to let me know then when they offer you the job we can go out customer, don’t forget, and even a potential
once they’ve interviewed the other candidates and celebrate! employee.
and made a decision. Paul: How do you work that out? They rejected
Sophie: I know. But you should send them an me.

email or a note thanking them for the interview.
It’ll make you stand out from the crowd and seem
really professional.
Audioscript 93

Carmen: For this job, yes, but now they know Alex: You're right. I'll give them a call. Alex: Thank you very much.
who you are and what you can do, they might Ella: And then afterwards you should send a Karl: And if things don’t work out, make sure
consider you for other jobs that are more suitable formal acceptance letter as well. that you give me a ring and I’ll see if we’ve got
for your talents. You could be the new ‘boss’s Alex: Is that really necessary? anything we can offer you.
son’, the favourite candida
ca ndidate
te for the next job.
job. Alex: That’s very kind of you. I will do.
Ella: Well, if you state in writing your
Paul: Do you really think so? understanding of the terms of employment, Karl: Thanks for letting us know like this.
Carmen: I have no idea. But if you don’t ask for this will help clear up any potential Alex: It’s the least I could do. Thank you for
feedback, you’ll never know. misunderstandings before they can become a giving me the chance to talk about possible work
Paul: Okay, I'll give it a go. How should I do it? problem. at the theatre.
Alex: So what would I put in it?
Ella: Okay. Get me a pen and a piece of paper
Alex: Hello. Alex speaking. and I'll help you plan it. Receptionist: Future Designs, Charlotte
John : Hello, Alex. It’s John Bradshaw from King’s speaking.
Theatre. I'm delighted to tell you that after careful Tomasz: Hello. My name is Tomasz Filipek. I had
consideration we would like to offer you the Ella: Okay, so in an acceptance letter the first an interview with your company last week, for
pos
position
ition of administrative
administrati ve assistant. thing to do is thank whoever made you the the graphic
graphi c designer’s
desig ner’s job. I was wondering
wonderin g if I
Alex: Thank you very much. That’s very good job off
offer
er,, and then mak
make
e it clear that yo
you
u have could speak to Ms Johnson?
news. decided to accept it.
John : As we discussed during the interview, Alex: Okay, got that. That’s it, isn’t it? Receptionist: Yes,
through. Yes, of course. I'll
I'l l just put you
we are happy to offer you a starting salary of Ella: Oh no.
no. You’re missing the point of writing Ms Johnson: Hello, Tomasz. It’s
I t’s good to hear
£20,000. the letter. You should use your acceptance letter from you.
Alex: That’s great. I’d like to take some time to to restate the basic terms of employment as Tomasz: Hello, Ms Johnson. Thank you very
conside r your offer.
consider offer. Is it okay
oka y if I contact you with you understood them, including hours per week, much for offering me the job of graphic designer.
a decision by tomorrow at the latest? salary and benefits. Ms Johnson: You’r
You’re
e very welcome. Have you
Joh n: Yes. That’s absolutely fine. And if you have Alex: And this is the second part of the letter? made a decision yet?
any questions in the meantime, please feel free to Ella: Yes. This letter is not a contract, but putting Tomasz: Well, I really appreciate the time you
give me a call. in writing your understanding of the terms spent talking to me about the job and the
of employment will help avoid any potential company and it’s been a very difficult decision.
■ i 6.
6.5 misunderstandings. However,
Howe ver, I have decided not to accept the
t he job.
job.
Alex: Hey Ella, guess what? King’s Theatre called Alex: I see. What’s next? Ms Johnson: Oh, that’s a great shame. Can I
me this morning and offered me the job. Ella: Well, then I'd repeat any instructions you ask why?
Ella: That's great. You always wanted a job at a were given during the interview, such as your Tomasz: Well, I was really
reall y impressed by the work
theatre in London. starting date, working hours and so on. your company does,
does, especially your advertising
Alex: I know. Even though I know it’s going to be Alex: What about my question about my holiday campaigns for major retailers, and know it
expensive, livi
living
ng in a big city,
city, I’
I’mm looki
looking
ng forward allowance? would’ve been a good opportunity for me. But
to moving. It’s going to be great.
Ella: So you’re sure that this is the right job for Ella: Yes, this is the time to request clarification I’vemore
is recently been
suited offered
to my skillsanother job which I feel
and interests.
of any terms of employment that were vague in
you and you’re not just accepting the first offer the interview or that concerned you afterwards, Ms John son: I appreciate the
t he fact that you’ve
you’ve
you get? You applied to a couple of theatres, so your question about holiday leave, for called to let me know, although it’s a shame you
didn’t you? example. won’t be joining us. I wish you the best of luck for
Alex: Yes, I applied to a number of theatres. But Alex: And that’s it? the future.
I really got on with the interviewer at King’s, and Ella: Not quite. You’ve got to end with some Tomasz: Thank you very much and thank you
the other members of staff that I met were really more positives, so it’s best to express how much again for your time.
nice.. I could see myself working there. Pl
nice Plus
us the you’re looking forward to starting the job. You Ms Johnson: You’re welcome. Goodbye.
money’s pretty good as well. could even mention a couple of aspects of the Tomasz: Goodbye.
Ella: Did you negotiate? post that you think you'll particularly enjoy. And
Alex: Well, sort of. They offered me the same of course, you’ve got to ensure your acceptance
starting salary I mentioned during the interview. letter is professional looking - check it carefully 1
Ella: Doesn’t that worry you? Perhaps you could for any grammatical mistakes, typing errors and
Employer: What sort of salary are you looking
have got more if you’d pushed for it? misspelt words. Actually, on second thoughts why
for, Andy?
Alex: Perhaps, but I’m happy with it for now, and don't you send it to me first and I’l
I ’lll proof read it
for you? I know what your emails are like! Andy: Well, in my last job I was paid £ 18,000
if I do well then I’ll be in a position to negotiate and I’d be hoping to earn more than that now
a raise. considering my level of experience.
Ella: What about the benefits? How much holiday Alex: Hello. This is Alex Mencken. Could you put Employer: We would certainly be able to match
will you have? that, and even offer you slightly more.
more. How does
me through to Karl Osborne please?
Alex: I’m not really sure, to be honest. We never a starting salary of £20,000 sound?
discussed it. Receptionist: Yes, of course. I’ll just put you on
hold for a minute, and put you through. Andy: It sounds very good.
Ella: If I were you, I’d get that clarified before you Employer: Excellent. All we need to do now is
officially start work, as you don’t want a nasty Karl: Hello, Alex. What can I do for you? I’m
afraid we haven’t made a decision yet. as we’re draw up a contract.
surprise later on. And what about your course
still in the process of interviewing candidates for Andy: Great.
that you’ve enrolled on? Are you still going to be
able to do it? the position. 2
Alex: Well, I mentioned the course during the Alex: Yes, I know.
know. Actually,
Actual ly, I’m calling
call ing as I’ve been
Employer: What sort of salary are you looking
interview, and I made it clear that the skills I offered a job elsewhere, which I have accepted.
for, Nick?
would gain on the course would help me to do Karl: I see.
Nick: Well, I know you are a well-established
the job much more effectively, so I’m pretty sure Alex: I just
I just wanted
wanted to let you know
know.. 1also wa
wanted
nted company with a reputation for looking after
they’ll let me do it. to say that I really enjoyed meeting you. I was your people well, so I expect you will be offering
Ella: And will they pay you while you do the very impressed by your team and the working employment at the market rate.
course? environment at the Cromwell.
Cromwell. Employer: Yes, that’s very true, but we have
Alex: I’m not sure. Karl: Thank you for saying so. I would say that to start somewhere, so tell me, what are you
Ella: Well, I think it’s worth contacting them and we were also impressed by your interview and expecting?
I’m sorry to hear that you’ve accepted another
finding out whether they’ll be willing to pay you job.. But I underst
job understand
and you
yourr deci
decision
sion.. I w
wish
ish you
you Nick: Perhaps you could tell me what the range
while you do the course. It’s not likely, but it’s is for this position, as I might be tempted to
worth trying. the very best of luck. overprice myself if I give a figure.
94 Audioscript
Employer: Well, the range for this post is You’ve got to remember that once you have
between $42,000 and $44,000. agreed to an offer, you won’t be able to attempt
Nick: I see. Given that I have five years' full-time to improve it.
experience in this field, and have an MA, how far Oliver: Yeah. You’ve really got to be sure they
up the range would you be able to offer someone want you badly to try that. Have you got any
like myself? other negotiation tips?
Employer: We were thinking in the region of Grace: The main piece of advice I'd give is to go
S43,000. into the negotiation knowing the market rate for
Nick: ... mmm ... the job, and the range the employer has for the
position. You’ve got to do your research into the
Employer: But in your case, considering your
specific previous employment experience we company and know what you ve got to offer.
could offer $43,000 plus a $2,000 starting Oliver: Although I would say that when a salary
bonus. range is given in a job advert, unless you can
Nick: Thank you. Could you tell me how often prove to the interviewer that you have extensive
knowledge of the job and the organisation, you
pay is reviewed here?
would probably be offered the post at the lower
Employer: Normally once a year. The next pay
end of the scale.
review is due in October.
Grace: That's true, but as long as you’re
Nick: Would I be entitled to a pay review at this negotiating from a position of power, when you
point - subject, of course, to my satisfactory
know they really want you, and you’re talking to
performance in the position?
the decision makers, you’ve got a real chance.
Employer: Yes, that's reasonable.
Oliver: Yes, you certainly can’t negotiate when
■■ 6.10 you’re still one of many candidates, even if you

have been short-listed. Only once you are the
Grace: So, Oliver, what did you think of Andy’s final candidate, the one they want to hire, should
salary negotiation? He got what he was looking you start any negotiations.
for.
Oliver: That's true, but I think he was a bit lucky.
I very much doubt it would be that easy for most
people. Anyway, he doesn’t even know what he
could have got. He might have got more if he’d
played the negotiation game a little better.
Grace: What do you mean?
Oliver: He made the classic mistake of
mentioning his desired salary first before
establishing what the employer’s range for the
position was. He may be happy with the offer,
but he’s unaware that perhaps he could have
been offered a higher starti
starting
ng salary. He also
failed to discuss any fringe benefits.
Grace: Fringe benefits? You mean things like
holiday entitlement, health cover, mobile phone,
company car?
Oliver: Exactly. When these are added on to a
salary it can make a significant difference.
Grace: I guess you think Nick’s approach was
much more successful?
Oliver: Yes. His approach was to keep throwing
the question back to the employer, forcing him
to state a range for the position.
positi on. It
I t is a proven
fact that in almost all negotiation cases, whoever
mentions a figure first ends up with the worse
deal.
Grace: Yes,
Yes, that makes a lot of sense, now you
mention it. I also really liked the way that after
aft er
the initial offer was made, Nick stayed silent,
which put pressure on the interviewer to improve
the first offer.
Oliver: Yes.
Yes. It worked, but he was also lucky
here, as often the interviewer might not have the
power to make that decision.
Grace: Yeah, there’s no point trying to negotiate
if you’re not talking to the person who makes
the decisions. Another thing I liked about Nicks
tactics was that before agreeing to the offer he
established when his pay will be reviewed. This
opens the door to future increases.
Oliver: Yes,
Yes, indeed. He agreed to the offer at this
point. But do you think he could have got even
more?
Grace: If he was extremely confident of his
position, and the employer’s desire to employ
him, he could have continued the negotiation
by saying
your something
company. like,I ‘Iwas
However, am expecting
very keen atolarger
join
salary’, although that’s a pretty risky strategy.
Audioscript 95
ANSWER KEY
Student. A’s role play cards for Exercise 7g on Unit 1
page 8.5: flexible: I’m very adaptable. I do n’t mind working
working
la
1c 3d 4 f 5 b 6 a late o r at weekends,
weekends, and I'll have a go at
........ ....................
2 g
.
7 h 8 e anything ...
Student A: Possible Actual creative: I ’m also good a t coming up with new
new
Employer score score ideas and suggesting alternative solutions ; youyou
Suggested answer used to stick notes with new ideas everywhere
E SE SH B M E H H I S' I S
. •. . , : /r . ', ,
8 7 6 1/2 5 4 disorganised: Your desk was such a mess and
and
Salary €27,500 pa 250 you never knew where anything was.
g {Customer service assistant, Packaging
Packaging e
For every €50
€500 m
mo
ore -30 Palace) 2 c 3 e 4 d 5 b 6 a
For every €500 less 50 c. (recent psyc holo gy gra dua te ); g (BSc (Hons)
(Hons)
Psychology (2.1)); h (recent psychology
psychology f
m u 5 unpersuasive
I f l l i 2 indecisive
5 graduate)
graduate)
a (c/rca £25/* pa) 3 inflexible 6 unreliable
20 days' holiday 50 4 e (a bit moody / not very well-organised I I 4 disorganised
make decisions without thinking ); f (/ didn'tdidn't 4a
For every day more -20
use to be very well-organised]
well-organised] 2 read; completed (obtained)
For every day less 30 d (and calculated ... you cou ld jus tify tify 3 gradu
graduated;
ated; hold; completed (obtained)
ges o f ...);
charges
char ...); e (good at maths)-, g (Liaised
(Liaised 4 graduati
graduating;
ng; awarded; read
K 1 9 H H H ■ n with management on pricing strategy)
strategy)
c (as
(as adv ertised in The Guardian); h (an (an b
Company car -50
-50 1 fr
from
om;; w
wit
ith;
h; in
in 3 in; from; in
advert in The Guardian)
7 e (doing research on the net) 2 in; with; from 4 at
Mobile phone -5 net)
8 a (an ability to work well iin n a team ); d (make
(make 5b
Pay review in six a very useful contribution to your team ); e 2d 3 a 4 g 5 e 6 h / c 8
months -30 (work well with people)
9 b (It all looks very impressive ); c. (o c
Total points: successful international firm)] d (Everyone Suggested answers
i
in your office was friendly and made me feel feel 1 flexibility: I am willing to investigate options
very welcome ... your strong reputation for in depth, even when they are the ideas of
quality)-, h (your excellent reputation) others. I am able to adapt
ada pt to and work with a
variety of situations, individuals and groups
groups..
Student A: Possible Actual 10 d (/ checked you r pri
prices)
ces) I am able to think on my feet. I am willing to
Candidate score score d try different approaches.
approaches.
Teresa meets the advertised criteria: she has a leadership skills: I am good at leading,
degree and related professional experience in encouraging, inspiring and supporting others
sales and marketing. The extract from her letter to develop confidence and help them to
Salary €22,000 pa 200
demonstrates a clear, confident and professional realise their full potential. I delegate routine
For every €500 more 50 approach, which helped her get an interview. elements of more complex tasks at work
Her chances of getting the job appear strong, and encourage
encour age others to do the same.
same. I am
For every €500 less -5
-50
0 but this will
will depend on her abilit
abi lity
y to emphasise approachable at work.
her teamworking
teamworkin g skills and play down her weak organisational skills: I am always on time at
organisational skills during her interview. work, attending meetings, and when I cannot
28 days' holiday 100 2a make it, I always let somebody know in
1 Sophie sugg
suggests
ests Silvia work
works
s out
out what she
she advance. I can plan ahead and am excellent
For every day more 20 at meeting deadlines,
wants to do by thinking about what she likes
For every day less -50
-50 doing and what she’s interested in. teamworking skills: I cooperate to meet
2 She thinks about something she’s done that shared goals even at the expense of my own
/£■
Benefits: was successful, and then tries to identify the personal preferences. I listen carefully to
skills she used. the concerns and opinions
opi nions of others.
others. I enjoy
Company car 50 collaborating on projects.
5 No, seriously.
too sh
she
e says that Silv
Silvia
ia shouldn’t take them
Mobile phone 10 e
4 A ssuccessful
uccessful job search is not just about 1 When she was working in Africa
Pay review in six finding a job that you would be good at, but 2 She worked for an NGO (non-governmental
months 10 aboutt finding a job tha
abou thatt you will love doing
doing.. organisation) as part of a large team of
3a people, educating local people about the
Total points: b to c at d to e in f in g in importance of reforestation.
reforestation.
h at i to j at She was the communications officer of the
student union.
b
2 Achievements 5 Personal f
3 Languages characteristics 1 planning 3 talked; convinced
4 Experience 6 Knowledge 2 worked; given 4 dealing; understood
C 9
1 To start looking for a new job 1 organisational skills
2 Because his company is too small to give him 2 flexibility / teamworking skills
skills
the experience he wants 3 negotiation/communication skills
Coming up with new ideas and suggesting communication/organisational
commun ication/organisational skills
alternative solutions
4 To speak Mandarin
5 He is taking Mandarin lessons and listening
to podcasts.
96 Answer key

5 There is no limit to the number of of sections

1 b ana
analys
lyse
e c co
condnduc
uctt 1 Me
Medi
dia
a as
assi
sist
stan
antt [We are
are looking fo r a ... in a CV, although all CVs should cover
2 a invent b suggest c solve graduate) The trainee finance recruitment professional experience, educational
3 a write b explain c give consultant can be a graduate o r of graduate
graduate qualifications and skills. The only rule to
4 a resolve b listen c work calibre. remember is that the sections within your CV
5 a chair b motivate
motivat e c delegate 2 Traine
Traineee finance recruitment consultant [no
[no should all be strictly relevant to the position
6 a meet b decide c implement two days are the same) you are applying for.
7 a discuss b contribute
contri bute c support 3 Trainee finance recrui
recruitment
tment consultant
consulta nt 6 There is no one correct
correc t way to structure
8 a change b negotia
negotiatete c convince [ £30-£35K ) your CV, although the two most common
4 Email your CV and cover le tter to
to approaches are the conventional
6b colm(&Media
colm( X.com by M ay 2 3 rfi.
&MediaX.com chronological CV and the skills based CV.
1 the Internet
5 You will be cont
contact
acted
ed by them [only
[only b
2 networking
successful candidates will be contacted] 1 Conventional chronological
chronological CVCV and sk
skills
ills-
-
3 job agencie
agencies
s / head
headhunte
hunters
rs
4 newspapers and magazines based CV
9
5 cold calling /mailing
/ mailing 1 circa
circa (so
(somet
metimes
imes abbreviated as c. or ca ) 2 A chronological CV lists your academic
2 Closing date achievements and work experience in
7b 3 K chronological order. A skills-based CV lists
Eryk’s technique is more successful your key transferable skills relevant to the
4 Quote Ref
c 5 pro rata job and
and provides
provides evidenc
evidencee of these ski
skills
lls..
1 b 2a 3e 4 d 5c c
h
d 1 Tra
Traine
inee
e finance
finance rrecrui
ecruitmen
tmentt consulta
consultant:
nt: 2 Contact 3 Personal statement
statemen t 4 Education
b 5 c 3; 4 d 2; 4 c 1 multi-tasker /target driven /articulate / 5 Work experience 6 interests 7 skills
determined / interpersonal skills /negotiation 8 References 9 Your name 10 Contact details
8a skills 11 Personal statement 12 skills
Suggested answers Media assistant: organisational skills / proof 13 Work experience 14 Education 15 Interests
Interest s
1 The main
main de
details
tails of the job
job;; clear instructio
instructions
ns reading / editing
editi ng / IT skills / communication 16 Referees
for responding; the deadline for submission skills / language skills
of applications (often called the closing 2 Trainee finance recrui
recruitment
tment consulta
consultant
nt
date); the name and title of the person to The first CV on page 20 is a chronological CV.
•
whom enquiries can be made if you wish to l The second
sec ond CV on page 21 is a skills-based CV.
CV.
have a preliminary discussion about the role proficiency
proficiency in
in = very experienced
experienced e
and your qualifications before submitting excellent command of = very good knowledge of 2 Devel
Developed
oped 7 Held
the written application; the name, title working knowledge of = basic understanding
understa nding of 3 Persua
Persuaded
ded 8 Researched
and address of the person or business 4 Represen
Represented
ted 9 Achieved
k
unit to whom the response should be sent 5 Completed 10 Coordinated
Coordinat ed (Organised)
1 X is necess
necessary;
ary; the s
succ
uccess
essful
ful candi
candidate
date w
will
ill
- this is often a different person from the 6 Organised (Coordinated)
(Coordinated)
be; X is vital; you must be; you will have
one who is responsible for the actual job;
whether applications are to be submitted 2 X would be
be desirable; ideall
ideally
y you will have; X f
would be a plus; X is preferred; X would be 1 Communication and teamwork
electronically or mailed; whether a detailed
advantageous; X would be welcome 2 Energy and motivation
job descr
descriptio
iption
n is available; whether
whether the
there
re
are key selection criteria (the standards I 5 Adaptability
Adaptabilit y and resourcefulne
resourcefulness
ss
or requirements you must meet to be Trainee finance recruitment consultant: You will
Trainee will 4 Research and computer skills
considered for the role); what qualifications, if have ; You must be
9
any, are required; whether a website address Media assistant: essential ; would be a plus;
plus; 1 Both care
career
er changers
changers and recent
recent graduates
graduates
is provided for more information about the would be advantageous may not have much relevant professional
company experience, so they may prefer to use a skills-
m
2 An advertisement that gives gives a se
sense
nse of
of what based CV, where capability is emphasised
1 reso
resou
urc
rce
efu
full 4 computer literat
literatee
the organisation is like over experience.
2 fluent 5 numerate
b 3 adaptable 2a
2 curriculum vita
vitaee Suggested answers
n
3 experience Sending the same CV for all the jobs they
You would need to be an excellent communicator
4 agency apply to; making spelling mistakes; including
with fluent English language skills, resourceful,
5 on-target
on-target earnings information that is not relevant; providing too
adaptable, with good research skills, able to
6 per annum much information so that the CV is too long
use a computer well, able to deal with numbers,
7 per week (more than two pages); using a bad layout or
with a relevant degree and experience in or
8 point of sale knowledge of sustainability issues. design; including lies
c c
1 EXP 2 PA 3 AG
AGYY 4 POS ■ Unit 2 1 rec
receive
eive;; correspon
correspondenc
dence;
e; liaise
liaise;; practic
practice
e /to
5 OTE (if a salesperson
salespersonhits
hits the targets practise; advice /to advise
la
specified for them, they will be guaranteed 2 Employers don't have muchmuch time and a
1 curriculum vitae
that amount of money) concise CV can demonstrate your ability to
2 resume / resume
d 3 The main purpose
pur pose of a CV is to persuade a edit effectively.
Almost all employers want employees who will potential employer that you have the right 3 Your CV is a legal contract
contr act and youyou could lose
fit in with the rest of the team {team player),
player), skills, experience, education and personality your job if found out. You’ll be more confident
will help the company make money (;results- for the job. in the interview if your CV is accurate.
focused], can think intelligently and come up A successful CV is the product of careful 4 No, you
you should ada
adapt
pt your CV for each job
with new ideas [dynamic), can meet deadlines thought and planning. It needs to stand you apply for.
under pressure (good organisational skills ) and out from potentially hundreds of competing d
are willing to work longer hours when necessary applicants. In order to do this a CV must be 1 pre
prevous
vous pr
previo
evious;
us; rcsponsobf
rcsponsobfe
e respons
responsible
ible;;
[flexible). planned and written specifically for the job doolling dealing; corrcspondante
you are applying for, clearly expressing how correspondence; massages messages;
e you meet the requirements for the job. A
1 team
team pla
playe
yerr 4 fle
flexi
xibl
ble
e arrangemg arranging; a pointments
successful CV must be concise, honest and appointments
2 results-
results-focuse
focused
d 5 good organisationa
organis ationall skills
3 dynamic error-free.
Answer key 97

2 t e r n from; benefits benefits; oxpenanee Suggested answers l

experience; off of
experience; of;; sittin g studyin
studying;
g; abraod Personal strengths and competencies: these Professional experience
abroad; practice practise; fonegf) foreign; include anything that tells employers what sort 2007- PA to Managing Director (London)
(London)
develope
deve lope develop; strcnght-s strengt
strengths
hs of person you are (e.g. Flexibility, Initiative, present
present • Schedule
Schedule MD’MD ’s me
meetin
etings
gs
3 asoiG
asoiGtcnt
tcnt assistant;
assistant ; personal personnel; Focus on results, Teamworking, Cross-functional
Cross-functional • Represent
Represent MD and compancompany y w
with
ith
achelvement achievement; lead led; witch working, Org anisational skills) official visitors and on telephone
which; improveing improving; startegte Areas of professional experience: what sorts of • Tak
Takee minu
minutes
tes at board
board meetings and
strategic; buisnesG business; planing planning jobs you
you have
have don
donee (e.
(e.g
g. Acco untin g, Electr onic
onic write professional official company
engineering) and what objective evidence you can reports
3a
provide of your professional achievements (e.g. 2007 Nanny (New York)
York)
1 Geography graduate ; Currently completing
completing
an architect might list Professional awards or • Supervised two English-s
English-speak
peaking
ing
M as te r’s in Development Studies with
with
Ma jor buildings designed
designed))
children (aged 4 and 6)
specific focus on su stainability.
specific
Business skills: what you have learnt through • Planned and
and organised
organised inspiri
inspiring
ng and
and
2 Well-organised, highly motivated: Self
your work (e.g. Negotiation skills. Project
Project educational daily activities
motivated, resourceful and able to motivate
motivate
management, Communication skills) 2006 Waitress (Madrid)
others,
others, with excellent communication and
and
• Devel
Developed
oped excellent
excel lent customer-
interpersonal skil
skills.
ls. 5b
5 research service skills in Spanish
3 communications strategy adviser 2 creativity
6 teamwork 2006 Chambermaid (Madrid)
4 with recent professiona l experience
experience 3 analysis
developing communication strategy for 4 writing • Maintained
Maintain
levels of ed hote
hotell rooms
professional at ffive
ive-s
presentation-star
tar
positive change
e • Demo
Demonstrate
nstrated
d flexibilit
flexibility
y a
and
nd
5 Geography graduate with recent professional
professional
Adjectives and adverbs dedication while developing Spanish
experience
experienc e developing communication
communication
language skills
strategy for positive change.
change. f
1 succe
ccessfu
sful 6 successful; entire 7a
b
2 successfully 7 top See article in unit
b Well-organi
Well-organised,
sed, h ighly m otivated
otivated
3 successful 8 in-depth
communications strateg y adviser.
adviser. b
4 fully; intern
internationa
ationall 9 substantial
c Geography graduate with recent professional
professional 1 Because ttheir
heir education
education expe
experienc
rience
e is mo
more
re
5 wide 10 excellent
experience developing communication
communication relevant
strategy for positive change.
change. 6b 2 in skeletal form
d Fluent spoken and written English.
English. lb 2 a 3 If they were your highest educational
e Currently completing Ma ste r’ r’s
s in qualification or they were particularly good
e
Development Studies with specific focus on on 4 Most recent first [in reverse chronological
chronological
She used: achieved; coordinated; developed;
sustainability. order)
established; improved; led; organised;
5 Add an additional
additi onal relevant
relev ant section on
on IT skills
c persuaded; planned; represented; researched
1 well-org
well-organise
anised;
d; confidently and effec
effectively
tively She used these other verbs: completed; held; c
2 full-time professional; Proven abili
ability;
ty; liaised; managed; maintained; provided; worked 1 PhD '4 A-levels
experience in f 2 Master's degree 5 GCSEs
3 Bachel
Bac helor’s
or’s degree
d Suggested answers
1 The first is
is shorter
shorter and less
less factual
factual than 2 Successfull
Successfullyy completed a financial f
Silvia's. The language is strong and positive, management course. 1 Because th the
e title of their degree
degree is not clear
but is mostly descriptive. The second 3 Translated the company website into three enough to explain what the course actually
is similar to Silvia’s in length and style. different languages. involved. Employers need to know what you
Character descriptions are supported with 4 Identified a problem with the company’s actually studied, and not just the name of
evidence. database system and recommended an your degree.
2 The first statement
stat ement answers questions a alternative solution. 3 The writer
writ er has included details of a work
and d, but does riot support the character 5 Designed and implemented a new customer placement, an exchange year and a major
descriptions with evidence. The four feedback system, leading to a 20% increase piece of research (dissertation).
sentences of the second statement mainly in customer satisfaction levels.
answer questions b. d, d again and b again. h
9 Geography graduate with recent professional
professional
e Suggested answers experience of developing communication
communication
With its stronger focus on professional skills 2 Represen
Represented
ted front-office
front-office staff on ICT Strategy
Stra tegy strategy for positive cha
change
nge..
and experience, the second statement is more Implementation Team. Currently completing Mas ter's in Development
Development
suitable for this post, which requires previous 3 Formulat
Formulated
ed traini
training
ng plan. Studies with specific focus on sustainability.
experience. 4 Super
Supervised
vised office budget. I researched top internation al universities
universities for my
my
9 5 Researc
Researched
hed and evaluated
eval uated new suppliers. degree course.
6 Presen
Presented
ted client feedback questionnaire. 1am cu rrently comp leting in-depth research
research
Adjective 1: enthusiastic; professional. Other
/ Investi
Investigated
gated waste reduction. on reforestation techniques for the African
African
suggestions: dedicated, innovative, reliable,
8 Led design team. subcontinent for my Master's degree
degree
organised, ambitious, dynamic, flexible
dissertation.
Sort of person: motivator; team leader. Other h
Research
Rese arch for my disse rtation includes substantial
suggestions: purchasing executive, brand 1 Answering the
the phone;
phone; filling in forms;
forms; taking
use of the Internet and professiona l journals, a nd
nd
manager, IT specialist, presenter and trainer, minutes
interviewing experts in the field.
team player 2 Dealing with customers; representing the
Adjective 2: broad: consistently high. Other company; listening and writing intelligently; 8a
suggestions: first-class,
first-class, numerous, wide-ranging,
wide-ranging, producing company documents 2 Employers want to know
know more than just your
thorough, specialist, high-quality 3 Nanny; waitress; cleaner qualifications and work experience; they want
Experience/skills: ability to; interest in. Other 4 They demonst
demonstrate
rate her language sk skills,
ills, and
and to know what type of person you are, and
suggestions: background in, understanding of, that she's responsible, flexible and hard whether you are going to fit in.
reputation for, people-management skills working. b
4b 1 The V iinn CV stands
stands for
for vitae, which is Latin
Note that the three categories are intended for life
life'.
'. This is relevant as the interests
only to generate ideas; some section titles may section is about your life and personality.
belong to more than one category. 2 Because
Becau se it didn't give details of his
3 achievements
It s
shows as captain
hows that you can fit into different
environments easily.
98 Answer key

4 Her abil
ability
ity to
to learn new languages qu
quickly
ickly 1
and that she is a member of an orchestra 2 1 3c 4 k 5 g 6 7 j Suggested answers
5 Running the London Marathon
Mara thon and raising 8h 9 b 10 d 11 e 12 2 With
Within
in my role as I am responsible for
£1900 for charity We often have to work unsociable hours
j under difficult conditions; I ensure that team
c 1 Para
rag
gra
rap
ph 2 4 Paragraph 1
morale is maintained by ...
1 lead
leader
ersh
ship
ip skil
skills
ls 2 Paragraph 5 5 Paragraph 4
3 I impl
implement
emented
ed a new I beli
believe
eve I can
2 determina
determination;
tion; self-motivation 3 Paragraph 3
3 intercult
intercultural
ural awareness; language skills apply the skills obtained from my previous
4 analyt
analytical
ical skills; intelli
intelligence
gence 2a employment to this position
5 creat
creativity
ivity;; resourcefulness 1 enquire 4 Workin
Workingg in ... helped me
me to learn the
2 response; enclosed importance o f ...; During ... I suggested
suggested ...;
...;
These changes led to a significant increase
9 3 recommended; requirements
Suggested answers 4 advertised; qualified in ...
2 Keen mountain climber: Recently completed 5 application; consideration 5 I have a strong history o f ...; I regularly
regularl y
a five-day expedition in the French Alps. seek feedback on my performance from my
Currently attending a mountain leadership b superiors and colleagues to identify areas I
course. 1b 2a 3c 4 a 5a need to improve in.
3 Passionate photographer:
photographer: Currently All of these approaches could potentially lead to
successful employment. However, your chances 4a
attending evening
photography skills.classes tot develop
Excellen
Excellent working my
working of employment are strongest following a personal 1 Yo
You
u will
will highlight different skills and
knowledge of Photoshop software. Designed recommendation.
recomm endation. Replying to an advertisement experience in response to the particular
a website to display my best photographs. is more likely to lead to a job than applying ‘cold'. skills and experience relevant for the position
4 University Social Coordinator:
Coordinator: A Active
ctive membe
memberr applied for.
c 2 By reading the advertisement carefully
carefully and
and
of the student committee. Organised more See advice in audioscript 3.3 on page 87
than ten musical and cultural events. using your knowledge and research of the
Responsibilities included booking acts to d company and the position
perform and organising the tickets sales. Order: 3 2 1 3 No
9a e
See advice in Exercise 9b Advice given: specifically mention the position 1 Publ
Public
ic Relatio
Relationsns Office
Officerr
you are applying for and how you found out 2 Press Officer for the Swedish
Swedish Ministry o
off
b about it; don’t copy phrases from the company Industry
b 5 c 7 d 6 e 3 f 4 website - reformulate them into your own words; 3 Politica
Politicall Science
focus on the skills and experience you have 4 Hanna has gained professional experience
d
that make you the right person for the job; be as a Press Officer for the Swedish Ministry
1 1 B 2 C 3 0
confident in your cover letter but don’t make of Industry and also at the Swedish Embassy
2 1 Friend
Friendss can’t comment on your
claims that are difficult to support in Warsaw. Through these experiences she
professional performance. 2 Employers only
has developed the following skills: teamwork,
contact referees to confirm the facts on a CV. 3a
3 It takes up valuable space, and employers 1 The main
main bo
body
dy is the lolongest
ngest section. This organisational skills,and
management skills drafting skills,
linguistic project
skills. She
are unlikely to contact referees at the early may be a single powerful paragraph or two or has also gained a substantial amount of
stages of the process. three shorter paragraphs. Ideally your cover political and diplomatic knowledge, which is
3 References available on request letter should be no longer than a single side relevant for her application to the Australian
of A4 paper. Embassy.
■ Unit 3 2 Recrui
Recruitment
tment experts suggest identifying three
la to four specific skills and/or experiences you c
have that meet the requirements for the 2 g 3 a 4 d 5 f 6 h
1 See article in unit
position. 7 e 8 c
b 3 Every
Ever y job you
you apply for will require a different
2 cover letter 7 well-focused cover letter as you need to demonstrate how
interview Skills: organisational skills, report-writing skills,
3 complement 8 your skills and experience match the specific summarising skills, teamwork, resourcefulness
4 persuade 9 business requirements for each position. (ability to work independently), time-
5 position 10 introduction
b managcmerit skills
6 employer
2 flexibility (We often have to work
work Experience: public relations arid media-related
c unsociable hours under difficult conditions ); fields; knowledge of the Swedish government,
letter of application interpersonal skills (/ ensure that team
team economy, business and EU processes
e morale is maintained by regularly counselling
counselling
e
1 Three
ree ye
years team members to check they are coping with with 2 a/b/h 3 f 4 d/g 5 b/c 6 e
2 She fee
feels
ls her
her career
care er prospects are limited at the demands o f the job)
Green Pharmaceuticals. 3 customer service skills
skills (/ learn
learned
ed tha t f
customer service is the key to success in the the Suggested answers
f service industry); initiative (/ implemented I am writing in response to your advertisement
2 ✓ (remember riot to be too informa l as you
you a new way for customer feedback to be be for the position
position o f ...; I am currently working
working as
want to sound as professional as possible) recorded ] a(n) ...
... f o r...; Previous experie
experience
nce a t ... gave
gave
3 X [ever
[every
y cover lette r should be w ritten
ritten 4 customer service
servi ce skills [Working in the shop
shop me an opportunity to ...; During my time there I
specifically for the position you're applying
applying helped me to learn the importance o f dealing dealing learnt to ...; I am very suited to ... and feel this
for) with customers in in a friendly and efficient
efficient move would be a logical career step; The role of
4 ✓ (You should show that you've rea d abo ut ut way); entrepreneurial skills [During this this ... would allow me to develop my existing skills
the company , done some research) month I suggested changing the layout of
5 ✓ [you should concentrate on demo nstrating
nstrating some of the g ift displays)
2 During
Duri ng my time
the skills
skills that are required to r the post, what
what 5 leadershi
leadership p skills (/ have a strong history
history
3 As part of my;
my; where I gained
you can offer the company ) o f sta ff management)
management)-, -, self-awareness (/
4 During my
my period of
of employment at; having
6 X [If a company wants to see any documents
documents regularly seek feedback on my performance
performance
5 In the course of my current job; As aresult
like that, they'll ask for them later) from my superiors and colleagues to identify identify
6 Since I work with
areas I need to improve in)
h
5a
1 Economic
ics
s
2 Costcutter 1T 2 F 3 T 4 T
3 She sings in and manages a jazz band, and is
learning Italian.
Answer key 99

b knowledge and skills that a market leader such movements (although moderate hand
Jane and Hanna
Hanna both fo
follo
llowe
wed
d the true advice
advice in as Carnali Carretta requires. movements are perfectly acceptable and can
Exercise 5a. If you would like to meet to discuss how my skills enliven the conversation); keep your arms
and experience can benefit your company in the open and resting on your lap; maintain good
c future, I would welcome the opportunity to come eye contact with the interviewer who asked
The America
Amer ican
n approach
appro ach (1 and 3) is much more
more in and meet you. you the question, but glance from time to
direct and assertive than the British approach Yours sincerely, time at the other interviewers (this can also
(2 and 4). When applying for jobs in America, Jan e Nu
Nuttall
ttall help you judge the interviewer’s reaction to
or to an American company, it is common for what you are saying); try not to talk too fast
applicants to promote themselves strongly 7b and keep your tone moderate; take a deep
and practically assume that an interview is 2c 3d 4 g 5 h 6j 7m 81
breath before you start to answer a question
guaranteed. In America it is common to follow 9k 10 o 11 n 12 i 13 f 14 e 15a and try to keep your answers concise
up your application with a phone call. In Britain
b
the language used is different and less direct. ■■ Unit 4
When applying to a British company it would 2 a; C 3 e; A 4 c; D 5 d; B
2b
be inappropriate to assume that an interview Ways of creating a positive first impression 5a
is automatic, and it’s best to finish the letter include: arriving on time; dressing appropriately 1 See Append
Appendix
ix 2 on
on page
page 110 for a lis
listt o
off
by thanking the reader for their time and for the interview; smiling; acting in a confident, commonly-asked
comm only-asked questions
questi ons
consideration. relaxed way. Demonstrate that you have done
d some research into the company, know what you b
2c 3c 4a 5b 6b 7 a
1 Ex
Extr
trac
acts
ts 2 an
and
d 4 are talking about, and speak using clear, concise,
8c 9a 10 a & c 11 b 12 a
positive language.
e c
See advice in audioscript 3.4 on page 87 d
Suggested answers
1 do 4 do
f a Wha t kinds of things do you worry about?
2 do 5 do
Advice given: use a professional and appropriate Would you say you’re an ambitious person?
3 don’t 6 don’t
tone: formal, friendly and polite; do not make b Wh
What
at do you think of our product range?
rang e?
She also suggests: taking an umbrella; taking a
unsupported claims, or claims that will be Do you think this is the sort of company
contact number in case you are delayed; wearing
difficult to support if you are invited to an you’d like to work for?
smart, formal clothes; tying back long hair;
interview; thank the company for their time and c How much autonomy to make decisions did
checking your social networking pages for any
consideration you have in your last position?
potentially ‘damaging’ content and to ensure that
How good is your written English?
6a they make you come across as a professional
2 additional 10 tell person. e
3 want 11 employer 1 Quest
Question
ion 12 3 Ques
Question
tion 10
3a
4 require 12 more 2 Question 7
1 He was in a mee
meetin
ting.
g.
5 talk about 13 looking 2 A company brochure f
6 contact 14 request 3 That two other candidates are being Extract
Extra ct 1 would be better if it were more concise,
concise,
7 about 15 emploloy
yment interviewed clear and explicit. The candidate also makes
8 ensure 16 show 4 By paying a compliment about the office
office negative comments (bei ng stuck in a b oring job ;
(being
9 give 5 Transport and the weather I wouldn't want to get stressed), which should be
b 6 By saying tha
thatt he has heard po
positive
sitive things avoided.
2 searching; employment about the company (You were highly
highly Extract 2 would be better if it was a little more
3 discuss; greater/further recommended) balanced - it is too positive. Also, the candidate
4 provide; with makes some very big claims without providing
b
5 require; further (we do not say greater any evidence in support of them.
1 It is vitally im
importan
portantt to b
be
e pro
profes
fessio
sional
nal and
and
information ); regarding; contact Extract 3 would be better if it were better
polite to everybody you meet during an
Should is a more formal equivalent of if. It is structured. At the moment it is badly organised
interview. The receptionist may also be asked
common in cover letters. Like all modal verbs, and confusing.
his or her opinion of the candidate.
should is followed by infinitive without to (If 2 She asks how many other applicants are 9
mg application is successful = Should my
my being interviewed for the position. Knowing 2e 5 d 4 b 5a
application be successfu
successful).
l). how many other candidates she is competing Extract 1: not clear and explicit
c against will help Silvia get a better idea of Extract 2: not truthful
Suggested answers her chances of success. Extract 3: not concise
2 to enquire whether yo
you
u currently have any 3 It is usually positive to mention
mention people you
know who currently work for the company. h
vacancies See audioscript 4.5 on page 89
5 the position of financial administrator
administr ator Obviously, it isperson
confident this important that you
will speak are of you
highly
4 meet the requirements for the advertised
advert ised i
position and also that they are respected within the The candidate’s improved response is well-
5 recommended that I contact you you regarding company. structured, concise and positive. She welcomes
6 I attach c responsibility (whic
whichh will make me proud of the
the
7 Should yyou
ou require any further
furt her inform
information
ation work I do), and explains how she will avoid stress
2b 3 h 4 f 5 d 6a 7c Be
concerning (/'// make sure I only take on what I can manage).
manage).
8 I would like to thank
tha nk you in advance
adv ance e She uses will instead of would throughout her
2 e; R 3 d; B 4 b; R 5 g; B 6 j; B response, which conveys a positive and optimistic
d 7 f; B 8 i; R 9 h; B 10 a; R attitude.
Suggested answer •
I am writing to apply for the position of secretary, 4a J
which is advertised on your website. I am 1 Slouchin
Slouchingg or lean
leaning
ing ba
back
ck in the ch
chair;
air; giv
giving
ing See audioscript 4.6 on page 89
currently employed as a secretary at Gordon’s the impression that you are too casual about
the job; flapping your hands around a lot 6b
Financial Services in Barcelona, a position I have Suggested answers
held for three years. I am searching for new when you speak; folding your arms, making
you appear defensive; staring at the floor or 1 Alejand
Alejandro
ro co
could
uld impro
improve
ve his answer
answer b
by:
y:
employment in Italy, as my husband has recently speaking for longer and providing a fuller
been asked by his company to move to Milan. focusing too much on one interviewer in a
panel; talking too fast, slow, etc. response; not simply repeating details from
I understand that Carnali
Carnal i Carr
Carretta
etta is one of the his CV;
CV; using the question as an opportunity
opport unity
leading financial service providers in Italy. 2 Sit reasonabl
reasonablyy upright to create
creat e a more
Six years’ international experience in the area of positive professional impression; hold to demonstrate his skills and experience
your hands together to avoid unnecessary relevant to the position he is being
financial services has helped me to develop the interviewed for.
100 Answer key

Alejandro could improve his answer by: 8a ■■ Unit 5

providing more detail about what he has She researched the market and Futerra in
1 lb
learnt, rather than just listing the modules depth. Speaker 3: Q2
Speaker 1:QI
of his course; relating his answer to the The fact that they work with a range of clients Speaker 2: Q4
requirements of the position; providing in a variety of sectors
concrete examples of transferable skills he Her communications skills and experience in e
developed at university. developing communication strategies 1 Employers are looking for evidence that you
Alejandro could improve his answer by: 4 That it was very attractive
at tractive and profess
professional
ional have the specific competencies required
keeping his answer brief and well-structured; 5 A small organisation for the position, e.g. communication skills,
only mentioning common professional leadership qualities, flexibility.
concerns, which have either been addressed b 2 Bri
Brief
ef stories will provide evidence of how you
you
or would not affect his ability to do the job. 2 look at your website acted in real situations in the past, which will
3 attracted me to
Alejandro could improve his answer by: help you demonstrate the competencies the
providing a much fuller response; talking A well-established reputation employer is looking for.
about his career plans which include his 5 dynamic place to work They are very common.
prospective employer. 6 It's clear from
7 from everything I’ve learnt
d Situation Target Action Result
1 Alejandro uses this question as an
h
opportunity to demonstrate the skills Suggested
Futerra came answers
out on top ; ju s t w ha t Tm loo king 1 S: The problem was, it was at exactly the the
and experience relevant for the post he is
tor, This impressed me a lot ; a well-established
well-established same time as my exam session.
applying for. He demonstrates high levels
reputation: very attractive and professional
professional,, T: I had to choose between
between studying for my my
of motivation and achievement (/ put a
a
really excellent, an exciting, dynamic place to to exams and getting involved in the case.
lot of effort into everything I do-, our team
team
work. A 1: I spoke to my professor at university to to
managed to reach the regional final ) as well
More examples of positive language: I really explain the situation,
as organisational and communication skills
like the way you ... i The best thing about your A2: In the end I had to pu t my studies first.
first.
(/ had to organise matches and motivate the
the
company is is ... /A really nice combination
combination o f ... R 1: Wh en I explained this to my employer ;
When
players).
/ Wh
Whatat struck me was ... /wonderful / amazing they were actually very supportive,
supportive, a nd when
when
He uses this question to highlight
/ profession
professionalal / perfect / impressive
impressive /attr
/attractive
active / they saw how disapp ointed I wa was
s a t missing
missing
trans ferable skills relevant
transferable relev ant for
for the job
progressive / user-friendly
user-friendly the opportunity, they made sure I got more more
which he has obtained through his time at
involved in the next big case tha t came up. up.
university [there were many elements of the
the
R2: And beca use Td ha d a chance to stu dy dy
degree that could be applied to the business
business 2 enjoyable A fulfilling properly, I passed my exams with a very very
world; This helped me to develop my my 3 first-class 5 fantastic good grade.
grade.
prioritising skills and ability to work to tight
tight
9a 2 S: My role, although crucial, was a bit less
less
deadlines.)
1 Good customer service skills glamorous, designing the electronics to to
Alejandro admits to worrying about meeting
2 She was studying at university in Turin. actually make it work.
deadlines. Howe
However,
ver, as long as he can
3 She managed the volleyball team’s finances T: I wanted to be a bit more creative.
demonstrate
then that he
this response is is abletotobe
likely meet
seenthem,
as a and has professional experience as a sales A: I started playing around with extra
extra
assistant. features ...
strength rather than as a weakness. He also
Her knowledge of three languages R 1: The other guys in the team really
uses this potentially difficult question to
demonstrates that she is multilingual, liked my ideas,
ideas, so they adapted their
highlight how he has overcome a problem.
but this alone does not demonstrate her designs
design s slightly to take advantage of my my
He emphasises his desire to work for the
communication skills. modifications.
company [Tm very keen to get a job with with
R2: In the end we won the competition,
competition,
a company such as yours), whilst also b and the judges specifically mentioned my my
reminding the interviewer of the reasons 2 dealing with customers extra features as an important factor in our
why he is a strong candidate (my degree and and 3 fluently success.
succe ss. And, o f course, I learnt a lo t of new
new
professional experience ; I am a dedicated
dedicated 4 managing people skills in the process.
worker). 5 captain of the volleyball team 3 S: My boss told me to phone and tell him we we
6 highly effective communicator were going to stop supplying him with goods, goods,
2 motivate 8 meeting 7 well under pressure and to threaten legal action.
3 communicate 9 getting 8 delegate effectively T: I wanted to be a b it more delicate because
because
4 leading 10 get Td built up quite a good relationship with the the
5 applied 11 make customer over the time Td worked there.
Silvia highlights her communication skills,
6 develop 12 gain teamworking skills and research skills. A 1: So I called him to find ou t if everything
everything
7 work was okay.
f A 2 : 1agreed to give him another month

month
2 years ago 9 So to repay, an d we continued
continued supplying him
him
Suggested answers 3 ever since 10 For my dissertation during th at time.
time.
As ... it was es sen tial t ha t I was ab le to do ...
... 4 Following 11 So to sum up R: So we actually ended up getting paid
paid
effectively; This helped me to develop my ... ... 5 That’s really when 12 for three reasons within a week, and from then on he was a
skills and ability to do ...; Tm very keen to get a a 6 also when 13 Firstly perfec t customer,
customer, and recommended us to to
jo b with a comp any such as y our s where I can ... 7 For example 14 Se
Seco
cond
ndly
ly plenty of othe r new customer
customers.
s.
7c 8 When 1was at 15 finally •
l
b 2 c. 3 d 2 e l fA g3 h 4
9 1 work
rke
ed out
d Suggested answers 2 turned out
Lidia follows the recruitment consultants’ advice I understand the issues you deal with (and 3 ended up
and is the stronger candidate. am passionate about them them):
): I started ge tting
tting
interested in ...; I started learning about ...; I 2a
was responsible for (dealing with) ...; I know
know 1 Hong Ko
Kong
2 research 5 regularly 2 City Univer
University
sity in Hong Kong and Manch
Manchester
ester
you're [also]
[also] looking for someone who' who's
s good
good
3 reputation 6 keen a t ...; For my ... Tm researching ...; I think Tm
Tm
Metropolitan University
4 recently 7 spent suitable for the position
position a t ... for three reason
reasons.s.
Correct order: 4 13 5 2
Answer key 10
101
1
1 b This is an excell
excellent
ent techni
technique
que as it focuses
1 Th
The
e Univ
Univers
ersity
ity of Rotte
Rotterda
rdam
m 2 Anyway, what happened was on a weakness that no longer exists. By
2 He sp
spent
ent a year there after volunteering to 3 It. was very important telling a carefully prepared story you can
take part in an exchange programme. 4 So I decided to demonstrate self-awareness, how you actively
3 At a bank, doing market research 5 I managed to remedied the problem and developed the
6 Unfortunately this meant that skills required for the position. Use the STAR
c method to tell a captivating story about
7 As soon as
Vicky has provided a standard response to this something that didn’t go as planned and
8 I then
question. It’s not a terrible answer but it’s a describe what you would do differently next
9 which I’d organised beforehand
wasted opportunity. She has simply repeated time.
10 In the end
details that are on her CV, which the interviewers c This is a safe, well-used
well-used technique.
clearly stated they had read. During interviews m Knowledge-based weaknesses, such as a
try not to repeat information straight from Vicky uses the past simple to give the key lack of technical expertise or knowledge of
your CV. Pieter has taken full advantage of the events of her story (/ decided, I managed, I I a language, are easily overcome and will not
question, telling the interviewer short stories took, I contacted etc.). She also uses the past put the employer off giving you the job. This
based on the skills and experience he gained continuous to give background information (/ was was is especially true if you can talk about steps
during his time at university in The Netherlands organising) and the past perfect to talk about you have taken to remedy this weakness.
and Russia. He has used the question as something that happened before another past
an opportunity to demonstrate his relevant event (he'd landed, I’d organised). 9
competencies. n Candidate 1
d This sentence is very visual arid also humorous. 4a
Pieter demonstrates or suggests the following It is easy to picture the conference participants She softens the negative (/ used to procrastinate)
procrastinate)
competencies: organisational skills [it really
really happily networking, with Vicky desperately trying in this sentence by adding sometimes and a little
little
taucjht me how to be independent , and of to persuade them to finish their coffee and cakes and therefore reduces the negative impact of the
course how toto manage con flicting
flicting priorities and
and and go back into the main room for the opening information.
deadlines); teamworking [activ
[activee membership o f speech. Also, by using did arrive rather than b
several sports teams); interpersonal skills (made
made arrived she draws attention to the fact, that in Softening: sometimes; a little; There were times
times
friends with people from all over the world);
world); spite of all the problems he actually arrived. She when; perhaps
customer service skills (/ helped set up a focus
focus also uses adverbs (finally, actually) to emphasise Emphasising: strict; all; well; really; much; at the
group and analyse the results)
results) a pleasant surprise after a long and nervous same time
wait.
f c
1 The
Theyy didn’t
didn’t have e
enou
nough
gh contacts
contacts in C
Chin
hina.
a. 0 1 very 4 really
2 She organised a pharmaceutical conference
conference 1 My boss wasn’
wasn’tt convince
convinced
d that it was worth
worth 2 very 5 always
in Beijing. investing in India. However, my research 3 very
3 The conference was a success and led to managed to prove that in fact / actually / as a
closer professional relationships between matter of fact it was. d
Green Pharmaceuticals and key contacts in 2 As a result of my actions, what could have Weaknesses? Well
Well,, I can be a bit o f a workaholic
workaholic
China. been a disaster in fact / actually turned out and

that always get I'm
I work on. very involved
happy in every
ever
to spend a ylotproject
of time
to be a big success.
9 3 My work had really
reall y helped, and I thought and energy making sure th at every project is as as
1 S: Gre
Green
en Pharmaceuticals felt they d idn’t
idn’t successful as possible. So, occasionally, when I I
that I would be invited to join the marketing
have enough contacts in China. feel that other members of the team might not not
team permanently, but in fact /as a matter of
T: We needed to to improve things . .. to be working as hard, I can ge t a little frustrated.
fact I was actually invited to lead the team!
ase ou r number o f contacts ...
increase
incre I am aware o f this
this problem, a nd I try to solve
solve
4 I belie
believed
ved my suggestions wouwould
ld lead to
A: I decided to organise a pharma ceutical
ceutical situations like this by being extremely positive
positive
bigger profits. What I didn’t expect was that
conference in Beijing.
Beijing. and enthusiastic.
in fact
fact / as a matte
matterr of fact profits at the
R: In the end my hard work resulted in a a
company would actually grow by nearly 20%! e
successful conference
conference,, with ou r employees
employees
meeting and talking to the right people. 3a 1 used to (I sometimes used to procrastinate).
procrastinate).
1 Probab
Probablyly Sabine G
Grif
riffin
fin a
and
nd one
one oorr two
two other
other This emphasises that the past state or action
colleagues is no longer true.
Situation: at the time ... 2 present perfect (Using a schedule has really
really
2 He coul
couldn’t
dn’t stand his boss.
Target: we needed to helped me
me))
3 To focus on the positive
positivess in every
ever y question
Action: I decided to .. .5 be used
used to + -ing (I'm used to using
and avoid any negatives
Result: in the end ... Windows); get used to + -in
-ing
g (I'd get used to
to
• b Apple Macs very quickly )
using Apple
1
2 liked 6 position 4 can (/ can be a bit o f a workaholic;
workaholic; I can get
get
Situation: probably the best example is ...; there
was one time when the problem 3 working 7
8 develop
further a little frustrated)
4 feel
was ... f
5 stretched
Target: I wanted to be a bit more .... .. 1 I occasionally
occasionally ha
have
ve a li
little
ttle d
difficu
ifficulty
lty m
makin
akingg
Action: so I ...; I agreed to ... d decisions.
Result: we actua
actuallylly ended up ...; So it all 1 negative 3 opportunities 2 I used to be a bit too stubbor
stubborn n and it was
worked out in the end 2 embarrass 4 problems sometimes hard to get me to change my
e mind.
k
1 A guest
guest spe
speaker
aker fo
forr a conference
conference Vicky was l ) 2 c 3 a 3 Whe
When n working on projects I arn a ‘big picture’
pict ure’
organising had his flight cancelled. person. This means that from time to time I
f
2 She booked another
anothe r flight for the speaker. might miss some minor details.
a This is a common technique, but be careful as
She explained the situation to the delegates without true examples it may be too obvious 9
and invited them to have coffee and cakes that you are manipulating the question to 1 b 2 a 3 c
while they waited for the speaker to arrive.
arrive. shout about how wonderful you are. Avoid
3 Initiative; negotiation skills; organisational cliched answers such as ‘I’m a perfectionist’.
skills; communication skills. Vicky a ever; significant;
significant; actively; even
demonstrated her ability to think quickly and b a lot of; every
ever y single; possible; carefull
carefully;
y; a
all
ll
not panic when faced with a problem. c entire; success
successful;
ful; completely
102 Answer
Answ er key
•
i ■ U nnit
it 6 J
avoids answering this question directly and la 1 Than
Thank k you for
for taking the time to
to dis
discuss
cuss
uses it as an opportunity to demonstrate that he Send a brief thank-you letter to the employer. 2 I appreciat
appre ciate
e the time you and the team took
is 3 oositive,
oositi ve, for-ward-lo
for-ward-looking
oking indi
individua
vidual.
l. During
Dur ing If you haven’t heard from the employer after in telling me about the specific aspects of the
TTeT\ ews try not. to say anything negative job
any time agreed during the interview, or
ja
jaoc
ocj t your last
last or current
current job.
job. It is muc
much h better 3 This helped me me gain a better
bett er understanding
after five days if no time was agreed upon,
x :<entify something
somet hing within the post you are then it is perfectly acceptable to send a of
SC O >ng for that is different and challeng
challenging.
ing. brief reminder
reminde r to the employer. In this letter 4 I feel I am perfectly suited for
Ifc-ocier positive aspect of Adam’s answer is that 5 I look forward to hearing from you
you can repeat your interest in the position
‘ s ~entions
~ent ions not only
only what the new job can offer and politely enquire as to when you will 2a
N r" but also what he has to offer.
offer. The key word be notified regarding the success of your 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 F 7 T
- Aja m’s response
response to this que
question
stion is the word application.
contribute. If you accept a position but have applied 3a
3
for a number of jobs, it is good practice to 2 I am grateful
J 3 Obviously I am disappointed
3 c 4 f 5 b 6 a inform the other companies of your decision.
These employers may often end up being 4 I would very much appreciate
^ c a x use
used
d a, c,
c, e and f.
f.
future business contacts of your
yours.
s. 5 I am confident
6 Thank you very much in advance
3b 4a 5e 6 c 7 g
It will help you to prepare for a second interview.
If you
you do not get offered
off ered the job, it will help you Paul did not have enough work experience
V 2 a to learn from your mistakes. for the position; he failed to provide enough
examples of leadership skills during the
d interview; his interview responses were generally
Z : sig
signif
nifica
icant
ntly
ly re
redu
duces
ces tthe
he cost
cost for the
the 1 Silvia
Silvia fee
feels
ls tha
thatt the inter
interview
view wen
wentt well.
well. too short and he failed to provide enough
employer. 2 She suggests Silvia
Silv ia writes a follow-up
follow-up letter
lette r concrete examples to support his claims.
3 r ;nancial saving; feeling more relaxed; a access
ccess to improve her chances of being offered the
:o research materials; no need to dress jo
job.
b. c
smartly 3 Appearing desperate for the job 1 Paul
Paul gave sever
several
al go
good
od a
answe
nswers
rs iin
n the
- a tim
timee ttha
hatt is
is con
conve
veni
nien
entt fo
for y
you
ou,, th
the interview, and in particular demonstrated
candidate e his customer
custome r servic
service
e skills well. However,
: : .s
.sill
ill help you to relax and projec
projectt a positive See Sophie’s ideas in audioscript 6.2 generally Paul failed to provide enough
mage. evidence, through specific examples, to
f demonstrate other skills necessary for the
6 To try and set up a face-tface-to-fa
o-face
ce interview Sophie’s ideas:
position (your answers were often short and
c 1 It wil
willl impress the interviewer
interviewer and sh
show
ow them
them
lacking examples).
-.3.= could do the following: provide a b
believ
elievable
able that you are organised and professional. It
2 To plan his
his answers more carefully
careful ly before his
-t -son why now is not a good time for the will keep you fresh in the interviewer's mind.
next interview
r erview; arrange another time for the interview 2 This will demonstrat
demon stratee that you
you recognise
3 The interviewers needed specific examples of
t: '.a
'.ake
ke place,
place, ideally later that day; try to gel the
and importance
demonstrate
demonstrates ofs what
good the interviewer
listening said,
skills and his leadership skills - different examples are
r e nterviewer to p phone
hone him
him back
back to save
save required for each skill.
-necessary costs; make sure he is fully prepared the ability to put received information into
4 Mr Brooker
Brook er genuinely wants P Paul
aul to apply
apply for
■a quiet environment at the time he has practice.
the junior position. If Paul had not impressed
arranged for the interview. 3 This will show that you clea
clearly
rly understand the
Mr Brooker during the interview, it is
requirements of the job and the challenges
d extremely unlikely that he would have made
it will bring, and that you are able to meet
A ex handles the call well. He gives a beli
believable
evable the suggestion.
these challenges.
reason why this is not a good time for the 4 This will help
help the
the interviewer to clearly see 4a
■“ terview and reschedul
reschedules
es it for later
late r that day
day.. you doing the job. 1 It iis
s important
important to remember
remember whe
whenn rece
receivin
iving
g
e 5 It might be the crucial deciding factor in a job offer that you do not have to accept it.
How can I help you getting you the job. As well as being certain that this is the right
Z I'm very happy
happy you called career choice for you, you need to consider
9 a number of things including: location,
3 Wha t time is good foforr you 2g 3 c 4a bf 6 d 7 b 8 e 9 i
4 I look forward to it travelling time, promotional prosp
prospects,
ects,
h perks of the job, as well as obvious salary
f Dear Mr Lewis, // Thank you very much ... considerations. You may like the job very
1 Managin
Managing g the log
logist
istics
ics of theat
theatre
re Fute rra is doing. // As menti
Futerra mentioned
oned when we m e t... much but feel you can only accept it if you
performances; managing performance to work in this area. I I I recognise the importance are offered slightly more money, for example.
contracts; participating in advisory panel
meetings ... communication
free to contact... orwith key clients.
suitability 11 Please
for the feel
position. 2 A formal acceptan
a written acce ptance
contract, ce letter,
is an although
excellent wayn
not
ot
of
2 Yes
Yes,, there would be support from the rest of
of //1look forward to ... meeting me. // Yours accepting a job. It is also an effective method
the team. sincerely, II Silvia Carnali of clarifying the terms and conditions as you
3 He is using a mobile phone and has bad t understand them before you sign a contract
reception. l
and start
star t work. Equally
Equal ly if you
you decide not to
4 By helping new writer
writers
s finance and develop 1 Thank you for takintaking g the time
time to disc
discuss
uss ..
...;
.;
accept the position, although you do not
their plays I appreciate the time you and the team took
need to specifically state why, it is good
in telling me about the specific aspects of the
practice to write a formal letter declining the
g job
2/ 3 / 4 / 5 / 6/ 7 / 8 / position. Even if you don't want the job no now,
w,
2 I am partiparticular
cularly
ly interested
interes ted in the projects
you never know when you might be in touch
h that you talked about during the interview; I
with a company again. It pays to be polite.
2 R 31 4 C 5 C 6 C 71 81 look forward to hearing from you
•
3 I am conficonfident
dent in my abili
ability
ty to meet the b
1 challenges ...; I feel I am perfectly suited Alex didn’t accept the position immediately.
2 I didn’
didn ’t quite catch what you said f o r...; I believe I can
can make a sigsignificant
nificant This seems professional and gives him time to
3 Do you mean contribution towards ... consider the offer.
4 I’m having trouble
troub le hearing you. Can you hear 4 Having discusse
discussed d the role with you in great
greater
er
me clearly? depth ...; I am particularly interested in
5 Could yoyouu tell me what,
what, that would involve? the projects that you talked about during
6 So, if I understand yo
you
u correc
correctly
tly the interview; This helped me gain a better
understan
unde rstanding
ding o f ...
...
Answer key 10
103
3
It is not necessary to state whose offer you

2 position 7 contact accepted, nor provide lengthy details about Student B’s negotiation role play cards for
3 salary
sa 8 decision why you have tur ned
ned down thei r job offer. Exercise 7g on page 83:
4 time 9 latest Indeed, if you do not give specific reasons
5 consider 10 meantime for turning down a job, this will increase your £
6 offer chances of receiving an improved offer. Student B: Possible Actual
If you're positive that you do not want the Candidate score score
e job,, or once yo
job youu have rece
received
ived a signe
signed
d offer
offer
1 No
No,, he is looking
looking fo
forward
rward to mo
moving
ving to letter or signed contract for a job that you
London. prefer
2 Ye
Yes,
s, he could see himself working well
well as part Salary €30,000 pa
of the team. b
1 Future Designs For every €500 more 100
3 Yes
4 Fringe benefits (for example, holiday 2 Ms Johnson
For every €500 less -2 0
entitlement); whether King’s Theatre will be 3 Graphic Designer
willing to pay him while he attends a training The work the company does, in particular the Holiday: v-.-/ . . , “ V-
V- V ••
••
.
course advertising campaigns for major retailers
b Send a forma
formall letter of acceptance Offered another job more suited to his skills 25 days' holiday 100
and interests
f For every day more 20
2e 3 c 4 d 5a c
2 spent 5 accept For every day less -50
-50
9 3 impressed 6 opportunity
Dear Mr Bradshaw, // Thank you for your offer... . litjr,
tjr,1f15■
4 Flowever
beginning work at King’s Theatre. II I am pleased Company car 100
to accept your offer... within my new role at
King’s Theatre. // During the interview ... holiday Suggested answers Mobile phone 20
leave I will be entitled to. // Thank you again for I hank you for extending the offer for the position
offering ... the theatre team on July 29. //Yours o f ...; I very much
much appreciate the time and Pay review in six
sincerely, // Alex Mencken effort you and your team spent...; I was very months 10
impressed by ...; Flowever, after much thought
h and careful deliberation, I have decided not Total points:
As we discussed on the phone yesterday; As we to accept your offer; I have decided to accept V
agreed; During the interview another position, which ...; Thank you again for
Other phrases: I am delighted to accept your your time and consideration.
offer and look
look forward to beginning work a t ...; I
am pleased to accept your offer
offer at a salary o f ... 7b Student B: Possible Actual
annually; I also understand that I will receive ...; Nick negotiates a better deal. Employer score score
During the interview we did not discuss ... and *
I hope you will be able to clarify ...; I very much

look forward to joining you and the ... team on ... Advice given:
the establish the employer's salary
range for position; remember to negotiate Salary €20,000 pa 30
300
0
l ‘fringe benefits’ like holiday entitlement, health
cover, etc; try to get the employer to mention For every €5
€500
00 more -20
They personalise Alex’s letter and make him
sound very positive and enthusiastic about the a figure first and then try to improve it; only
For every €500 less 50
negotiate with people who have the power to
new job.
5a
make decisions regarding salary (this may not
always be the person interviewing you); establish
Holiday: ■i n
2 I’m calling as I’ve been offered if and when your pay will be reviewed before 28 days' holiday 60
3 I just wanted to let you know agreeing to any salary offers; do your research
4 I was very impressed by your team For every day more -40
-40
and establish the ‘market rate’ for similar
5 That's very kind of you positions; only negotiate if you are confident that For every day less 50
6 It's the least I could do
sliill ■m
you are the employer’s first-choice candidate
c Benefits:
2 b 3 a 4 c 5 f 6 e 1 expect 4 Could Company car -60
-60
d 2 might 5 Would
3 would Mobile phone -30
-30
2 I greatly enjoyed meeting
3 I am writing to withdraw from consideration e Pay review in six
for the position
4 I have decided to accept a position elsewhere b2 c 1 d 5 e 4 f 6 months -30
-30
5 closely matches my abilities and personal Total points:
career aims 1 the range is for this position
position / the range for
for i
best of success this position is; with my level of experience

2 would you consider a higher amount
6a 3 current offer is below the market rate forfor this
this
1 If you decline a job offer, remember position
that this employer may be an important
contact for you in future. Therefore it is
essential that you maintain a professional,
courteous relationship. Secondly, it is worth
remembering that if you received a job offer
from this employer, they believed in your
ability to do a good job for their company, so
treat them with respect. Lastly, the employer
might reply to your well-written, polite letter
with an even better offer.
104 Answer key

Preparing to apply
Your strengths and weaknesses
[Occasionally) I am ... I'm able to delegate /work independently etc.
I try to ... I would like to be able to ...

I'm excellent at / (quite/reasonably) good a t / (not)
(not) ver y good I c
can
an (sometimes) find it difficult to make decisions /m anage
at M aths / making decisions
decisions etc.
etc. my time effectively etc.
I coul
could
d be better a t ... I can be (a little bit
bit)) indecisive / disorgani sed etc.
I'm interested in ... I recently mana ged to run a marathon / manage a project
I’m fluent in French/Spanish etc. through all its stages etc.
Personal characteristics
crea tive / uncreativ e flexible
flexi ble / inflex
inflexible
ible persuasive /unpersuasive
decisive / indecisive
indecisive well-organised
well-organised / disorganis ed reliable / unreliable
Your qualifications
I graduated from X university with a BA / an M Sc etc. in Sociology/French etc.
I read English/Maths etc. at X university.
I hold a Master's degree /an MBA etc.
I was awarded a scholarship to read Business Studies / Modern Languages etc.
I have a Physics/FIistory degree from X university, which is equivalent to a BSc/BA in Physics/History in the UK.
It was a three-year course, something like a BEd/BSc in the UK.
BA/ BSc Hons (F irst / 2:1 / 2:2)
Transferable skills
analytical skills - identify a mistake, analyse data, conduct a survey
creativity - invent a machine, suggest an alternative, solve a problem
communication skills - write a report, explain an idea, give a presentation
interpersonal skills - resolve a dispute, listen to someone's point of view, work with ‘difficult’ people
negotiation skills - change someone’s mind, negotiate with someone, convince someone to do something
leadership skills - chair a meeting, motivate a team, delegate tasks
organisational skills - meet deadlines, decide on priorities, implement a plan
teamworking skills - discuss an issue, contribute to a meeting, support a colleague
self-confidence self-awareness intelligence

resourcefulness flexibility intercultural awareness
independence determination self-motivation
Job advertisement terminology/jargon

CCDL - current clean driving licenc
licence
e PO S - point ofsale
CV - curriculum vitae / resume circa - about
EXP - experience closing date - deadline for application
AGY —ag ency k/
k/K
K —thou sand (£1
(£1 8k = £18 ,00 0)
OTE - on-target earning s ref - reference number
PA - per annum (per year) pro rata salary - salary that is calculated as a proportion of a
PW - per week full'time

full'time j ° b
Appendix 1 Useful
Use ful language 105
105

CVs
Personal statements
(with) three year s’ full-tim
full-time
e /s ubstant ial / consider able experi ence in managing team s /wor king under pressure etc.
communicate/work etc. confidently and effectively
proven abilit y to meet deadlines / make presen tations etc.
Headings
Personal strengths and competencies Areas of professional experience Business skills
• Strategic thinking • Sales • Financial management
• Innovatio
Innovation n and creativity • Marketing • People management / Managing
• Leadership • Presentations and publications people
• Flexibility • Accountancy • Dealing with customers
• Initiative • E lectronic engineerin g •

• N egotia tion
Project skills
management
• Focus on results
result s • Professional awards
• Teamworking • C ommunicat ion skills
• Cros s-functional workin g
Cross-functional
• Organisational skills
skills
Talking about your skills and experience

My role was to ... 1regularly ...
As the ... 1acted as ... 1feel 1have significantly strengthened my knowledge and
understanding
understan ding o f ..
....
Within this role 1was responsible for leading a team of five /
implementing the new strategy etc. This experience has enabled me to build on ...
To do this effectively 1had to ... My employment experience leads me to the conclu
conclusion
sion th a t ...
...
The nature of ... meant that 1had to ... 1think that 1could bring ...
My past experience o f ... has brought
brought me a greater My responsibilitie
responsibilities
s included ...
understand ing o f ... , as well

well as ...
... As you can see from my CV 1have ...
1implemented a new ... In the course of my current job 1have ...
1believe 1can apply the skills obtained from my previous At present 1am responsible for ...
As a result...
1worked at X for two years, where 1learned that...
While 1was a t ... 1was
1was in
in charge o f ..
....
Working at X helped me to
to learn the importance o f ...
As part of my degree course in ... 1...
1have a strong
strong history o f ..
....
Talking about your interests

avid sailor
dedicated rock guitarist
committed mountain climber
expert reader
regular tennis champion
former blogger
proficient ski instructor
successful ballroom
ballroom da ncer
active stamp collector
keen speaker of Portuguese
qualified volunteer
experienced jewellery maker
Appendix 1 Useful language
Cover paragraph
Opening letters
I am a final-year student who is about to graduate from X university with a BA in Industrial Engineering.
I am
am writing to enquire ab out possible employment opportunities with ...
I am inte rested in the position for a Marke ting Executi ve / PA adv ertis ed in The Gua rdian newspaper / on your website.
The website.
I am writing in response to your advertisement f o r ...
...
I enclose my CV for your consideration.
I was r ecently s peakin g with X and s/
s/he
he recommended that I contact you / send you a copy of my
my CV.
CV.
Given my experience in X, s/he felt that I would be an ideal candidate for the job.
I would
would like to apply for the post o f ...
...
Please accept this letter as application for the Marketing Manager position currently advertised on your website.
I am writing regarding the secretarial vacancy ...
Main body
My past experience o f ... has brought me a greater This experience has enabled me to ...
understanding o f ..., as well as ... Working in ... helped me to learn the importance o f ...
As part of my
my degree course
course in ....
.. a t ..., 1... During ... 1suggested ...
1am currently working as ... During my period of
of employment a t ... 1gained ...
...
At present 1am
1am responsible for / in charge o f ... 1implemented a new ...
My responsibilities include ... These changes led to a significant increase in ...
Since 1work with .... 1have developed ... As you can see from my CV 1have ...
1feel 1have significantly strengthened my knowledge and 1have a strong
strong history o f ..
....
understand
under standing
ing o f ..
....
1think that 1could bring ...
1believe 1can apply the skills obtained from my previous
1am confident that the combination of my ... and ... makes me
an ideal candidate for the position.
Final paragraph
I would appreciate the opportunity to meet you to discuss my skills, capabilities and professional experience in greater detail.
I would welcome the opportunity to discuss my profes
professional
sional history and qualifications with you in grea ter detail.
I would be happy to supply you with further references should you require them.
Should you require any further information regarding my application, please do not hesitate to contact me.
I would like to thank you in advance for your time and consideration.
Please find enclosed a copy of my curriculum vitae, which gives further details of my education and career to date.
date.
Thank you in advan ce for your consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Interviews
Small talk
How are you ? I’m very well, thank you.
you. Do you think 1could have a glass of water while I’m waiting?
Thank you. I t’
t’s
s nice to me et you too / at last. Do you have a company brochure 1could have a look at while
I’m waiting?
1can’t believe the wea the r at the moment! 1know.
1know. It’s awful,
isn’t it? Do you think 1could use your toilet to freshen up?
Is there somewhere 1could leave my umbrella? 1got caught in Are there many other candidates scheduled for interviews
the rain. today?
I’m very sorry I’m late. 1was planning to be here over an hour 1had terrible problems parking here. Is it always this busy?
ago, but my train was cancelled. I’m afraid I’m not feeling very well. Could 1sit down for a few
1was just admiring the office. minutes?
That’s quite all right. / That’s okay. No thank you, I'm fine.
Appendix 1 Useful
Use ful language 10
107
7


1am ... and apply a(n) ... approach to my work. 1can speak Spanish fluently / reasonably well / a little.
1believe in ... 1work well under pressure / in a team / autonomously.
This enables me to ... 1think I’m suitable for the position o f ... because ...
I’m also able to ... In this way 1am able to ...

For example, in my last job ... 1feel that 1am ...
In my last job 1was responsible for negotiating deals / 1have recently started to ... to improve ...
European sales etc. When 1was at university 1used to be ...
1am used to dealing with customers / managing big budgets 1used to be ..., but I’ve started ..., which has enabled me to ...
etc.
1enjoy ...
1have a good
good knowledge o f ...
...
I'm a keen ...
Talking about specific experiences

At the time ... 1wanted to be a bit more ... 1decided to ...
There w(as a time when ... What needed to be done was ... Therefore 1...
There was one situation when ... Unfortunately
Unfortunately this
this meant th at ..
.... 1organised a(n) ...
The problem was ... It was
was very import
important
ant th a t... So in order to ... 1...
Probably the best example is ... It was clear that ... This resulted in ...
1discovered t h a t ... W e act ua lly ended up ... This led to ...
1realised that... Anyway, wh at happened was ... In the end ...

1agreed to ... 1managed to ...
Talking about the company

Before ap plying for this position / to university, I did a lot of research into ...
In the end I decided to ... as it was clear t h a t ...

I had a look at your website and could see that you ...
I definitely feel, from everything I’ve learnt about..., that this is the type of organisation I’d like to work for.
You came across on your website as ...
It's really
really something that attra cted me to
to ...
I want to work with your company because you have a really excellent/strong/outstanding reputation.
The work you do seems to be very fulfilling/worthwhile/salisfying.
I think working for you would be very enjoyable/challenging/fulfilling.
Structuring your answer

When 1was
1was a t ..
.... Ever since ... So to sum up ...
... years ago Following my degree / tha t etc.
That’s really when ... Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Finally, ...
Softening negative information

1can be a bit (of a) ... I’m keen to develop ...
1can occasionally be a little ... I’m looking for an opportunity to ...
1can
1can ge t ... at times 1feel I’m best suited to ...
1occasionally have difficulty
difficulty making decisions
decisions / handling I'm seeking the possibility to develop further professionally.
criticism etc. I’m seeking fresh challenges.
From time to time 1...
Emphasising positive information

1put as much effort/energy as possible into ... 1am extremely/very ...
1pay a lot of attention to detail. 1enjoy a great deal about my current job.
1make sure that every single ...
108 Appe
Appendix
ndix 1 Usefu
Us efull language

Clarifying
Could you explain what you mean by ...? Could you elaborate a little on ...?
So, if 1understand you correctly, ... Could you tell me what that would involve?
Do you mean ...?
Telephone interviews
I'm sorry, could you say that again? I’m having trouble hearing you. Can you hear me clear ly?
1didn’t quite catch what you said.
After the interview
Follow-up letter
Thank you for taking the time to discuss ...
I appreciate the time you and the team took in telling me about the specific aspects of the job.
I greatly appreciated the opportunity to meet with you and your team.
I would like to thank you for talking with me about...
After meeting with
with you,
you, I am further convinced th a t...
This helped me
me gain
gain a better understanding o f ...
...
I am particularly interested in the projects that you talked about during the interview.
After the interview,
interview, I am even more excited
excited at the prospect o f ...
As mentioned when we met ...
Having discussed the role with you in greater depth ...
I am confident in my ability to ...
I feel I am perfect ly suited fo r ...
I believe I can make a significant contribution towards ...

If you require any additional information from me in the meantime, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Requesting feedback following rejection

Obviously I am disappointed to have been unsuccessful this time ...
I would very much appreciate it if you could explain in greater detail why my application was unsuccessful on this occasion.
I a
am
m confi dent this information will help me to identify areas which I need to work on ...
Accepting a job offer

Thank you for your offer of employment as ...
...
As we discussed on the phone,
phone, I am delighted to accept your offer and look forward
forward to starting work a t ...
I am
am pleased to accept your offer of a starting salary o f ...
...
As we agreed, ...
I also understand that I will ...
During the interview we did not discuss ...
I hope you will be able to clarify ...
Thank you again for offering me this wonderful opportunity.
I very much look forward to starting my employment with you on ...
Declining a job offer

I’m calling as ... / 1just wanted to let you know t h a t ... Thank you for giving me the chance to talk ab o u t...
I have been offered a job elsewhere, which I have acce pted. I have decided to acc ept a position elsewhere.
I want ed to say that I really enjoyed meeting you. I am writing to withd raw from consi deratio n for the position.
I was very impressed by ... Thank you again for your time and consideration.
Appendix 1 Us
Usefu
efull language 109
APPENDIX Common interview

interview * •
50 common interview questions

1 Wh y did
did you choose
choose to s
study
tudy your degree subject?
2 W ha t di
did
d you most
most/least
/least enjoy about your ti
time
me at univers
university?
ity?
3 W ha t skills did you develop at univer
university?
sity?
4 Wh at was the most challengi
challengingng aspect of your degree course?
5 How w will
ill your degree help you in this position?
6 Tell
Tell u
us
s som
something
ething about
abo ut yourself.
7 W ha t do you li like
ke doi
doing
ng iin
n your spare time ?
8 Wh y do you want this this job?
9 Wh y should
should we hire you ?
10 W hat
ha t can y you
ou bring to this position?
11 W hat
ha t do you
you consider to be the ke keyy skill
skills
s necessary for this pos
position?
ition?
12 W ha t will yyou
ou do if you don’t get this jo job?
b?
13 W hat
ha t are your strengths/weaknesses?
14 W ha t is
is your bigge
biggestst achiev
achieveme
ement?
nt?
15 Wh at do youyou kno
know w about our company?
16 W hat attracted you to our company?
17 W hat do you tthink
hink of our website?
18 W ho would you you consider tto o be our main comp etitors?
19 W ha t trends are likely to affect our industry over the ne next
xt few
few years
years??
20 How do you typically approach
approa ch new proje
projects?
cts?
21 Describe your man managem

agementent style.
style.
22 W hat
ha t sorts of things do you like to delega
de lega te?
23 W ha t qualities do you look for in a man age r?
24 How do you handle stress?
25 Te
Tell
ll me abo
about
ut your ability to work under pressu pressure.
re.
26 In what
wha t environm ent do you work be st?
27 W hat m otivates you iin n terms of work ?
28 W ha t interests y you
ou most
most/least
/least in your current work ?
29 W ha t woul
wouldd you change about your current job if you could could??
30 Why are you consider
considering
ing leaving your current job?
31 W hy did you leave your last job ?
32 W ha t are you looki
looking
ng ffor
or in a job ?
33 W ha t do you thi
think
nk will be the most challenging aspect of this role?
34 W ha t kinds of decisions do you ffind ind difficult to make
make??
35 Tell u
Tell uss ab
abou
outt a time when
whenyouyou dem
demonstrate
onstrated d good custom
customerer service / leadership skills etc.
etc.
36 Tell u
Tell uss ab
abou
outt a time when
whenyouyou have been innovative at work.
37 Tell
Tell us ab
about
out a time you enco encounter
untered
ed a proble
problem m and how you resolve
resolvedd it.
38 Tell u
Tell uss ab
abou
outt a time when
whenyouyou had to make a difficult decision.
39 Tell us
Tell ab
abou
outt a time when
whenyouyou successfully managed a difficult situation at work.
40 Describe a situation in which you took a ri risk.
sk. What
Wh at were tthe
he results?
41 How do you work in a tea m ?
42 How would your colleagues describe you?
43 How would
would your manager descri describe
be your work?
44 When were y you
ou happiest at work?
45 You seem not to have too much exp experien
eriencece in X. Do you think this would be a prob lem ?
46 Do you tthink
hink you
you are overqualified for this position?
47 How have you changed over the last five yea rs?
48 Wh ere do you see yourself iin n five years
years’’ tim
time?
e?
49 How do you hope to develop your career furthe r?
50 Do you have any questions you would like to ask us?
Appendix 2 Common interview questions
Model cover
Baldrick College
Swinton
SW4 8BT
natalie.laurent@bc.ac.uk
1 December 2
200
008
8
Hillier and Thompson
Hillier Thom pson
45 Strand
London WC2 8LK
Dear Ms Ainsley,
I am writing to apply for the position of junior consultant at Hillier and Thompson advertised in
The Indepen
Independent.
dent. Having read the job descrip
description,
tion, I believe that my excellent
excellent acad
academ
emic
ic record,
professional experience and interpersonal skills make me a strong candidate for the position.
As a postgraduate student studying International Relations at Warsaw University, I am currently

completing my MA dissertation. Prior to this I spent nine months gaining practical experience in
European Public Affairs, during a paid traineeship at CLAN Public Affairs in Brussels. My primary
role at CLAN was to monitor developments in the energy sector at the European Commission,
and to prioritise and communicate this information in a clear and concise manner, in line with
individual client needs. Whilst in Brussels I used my strong interpersonal skills to establish a wide
network of contacts. This network, combined with my research and analytical skills, enabled me
to identify the information our clients required rapidly and effectively. My efficiency in this role, as
well as my ability to communicate clearly with clients and colleagues, lead to my promotion to
team leader after only three months.
As you will see from my CV, I obtained a competitive scholarship to complete my first degree at
North-eastern Illinois University, Chicago. My experiences of studying in America and working in
Belgium have taught me how to live and work in diverse and challenging environments. This has
helped me to work more effectively, both independently and as part of a team.
I am now looking for a position in which I can use and continue developing my professional
skills. I am confident I could bring a great deal to the junior consultant position at Hillier and
Thompson. Your advertisement states that the position will require close collaboration with
the Central European Office in Milan, which will involve frequent trips to Italy. Having spent
many previous holidays in Italy, I know the country and culture well. I have managed to acquire
good conversational Italian and am currently taking evening classes to improve my language
proficiency
proficien cy in this area. I also have fluent Frenc
Frenchh following my work experience in Brussels.
Bruss els.
Should you have any queries regarding my application, or require any further information,
please do not hesitate to contact me. I would like to thank you in advance for your time and
consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Ms Natalie Laurent
Appendix 3 Model cover letter

Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grc
for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible
identify the sources of all the material
materi al used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions ;
brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinl
Fute rra Susta
Futerra S ustainab
inabili
ility
ty Communications Ltd for the logo on p. 18,
18, and fo
forr permission to base Unit 1 01
Company;
Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd for the extract on p. 29 ‘Education’ from Chambers Desktop Guides,
Guides,
Applications. Copyright® Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2006. Reproduced by permission of Char
Harrap Publishers Ltd;
Bea Oaff for the text on p. 67 ‘Questions to ask’ from ‘Any Questions’, The Guardian. Reproduced by
permission of Bea Oaff.
Photo acknowledgements
Alamy Charles O. Cecil p1 2, David Davis Photoproductions p26 (t), ImageState p26 (b), blickwinkel [
Corbis C. Devan / ze
zefa
fa p6,
p6, (t, m),
m), Arti
Artiga
ga Phot
P hoto
o p47 (t, m),
m), Hans NeNelema
leman n p59 (t, m)
Getty Images Alex Mares-
Ma res-Mant
Mantonon / Asia Images p26 (m (m),
), Shel
Shelly
ly Strazi
Str azis
s / Uppe
UpperCu
rCutt Images p3
p31
1 (t), k
Hawe / UpperC
Upp erCut
ut Ima
Images
ges p48 (b), Chabruken
Chabruk en / Tax
Taxii p52, Sto
Stockb
ckbyte
yte p73
p 73 (t, m
m))
iStockphoto.com Pali Rao p i 9 (t,
(t, m)
m) and p34 (t, m),
m), Ben Bla
Blankenbu
nkenburg
rg p48 (t), Christine Glade p75,
Horrocks p83
Masterfile David Schmidt p 14, Mark
M ark Leibowitz p68 (I), Jerzywo
Jerz yworks
rks p6
p688 (r)
PA Photos Elizabeth Dalziel / AP p61
Photolibrary p31 (b)
Punchstock Designpics
Designpics.com
.com p 10
10,, DAJ p60
Designed and produced by eMC Design Ltd, www.emcdesign.org.uk.
www.emcdesign.org.uk .
Author acknowledgements
I would like to thank my editors at Cambridge University Press, especially Clare Sheridan and Jeremy
who provided invaluable professional expertise, support and guidance throughout the process of wril
this book. 1also thank Jessica Errington for all the highly valued experience and skills she brought tc
preparation of the manuscript for production and printing, and for all of the many ways she has help'
development of the book. I very much appreciate the importance of their input at every stage of the
The book has also benefited enormously from the very useful feedback I have received from teachers
students, colleagues and friends. I would especially like to thank Andrew Manasseh, Christine Pollefo
and Nina Hurry at the British Council Brussels, and my professors at King’s College London, for their
encouragement, time and guidance.
Also, as always, I am very grateful to my close friends and family for their patience and support durir
writing of this book, especially Diana Allsopp.
Cambridge English for ...

... is a new series of E S P courses for
for different areas of English for Specific Pur
Wri tten for professionals by professionals,

Written professionals, these short courses combine the best in ELT m
methodology
ethodology
real professional practice.
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Cambridge English for

Cambridge English for

Cambridge University Press

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception

First published 2008

Printed in Italy by L.E.G.O. S.p.A.

ISBN 978-0-521-72215-5 Student's Book with Audio CD

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or

Identifying the stages in the job Strengths and weaknesses Listening

Structuring your CV Sections of a CV Listening

i. %il i •; -a $ jj.

Preparing for the interview Small talk Listening

Keeping in touch Phrases for follow-up letters: Listening

Answer key page 96

Appendix 1: Useful language page 105

Appendix 2: Common interview questions page 110

Appendix 3: Model cover letter page 111

Acknowledgments page 112

Identifying the stages in the job

3 Teresa Fernandez, a recent

be provided. There are excell

I am a recent psychology graduate with first-hand experience of marketing,

As we discussed during the interview, I believe my skills and experience

b Put the stages (1-8)

C Read the extracts again. Which extracts mention:

2 a ^1.1 Silvia Carnali is approaching the end of her degree course at

Your strengths and weaknesses

3 a After talking to Sophie, Silvia produced a ‘mind map’ to highlight her

1'lM ^ lA lfe goo

e Match the personal characteristics (1 - 6 ) to the questions (a-f).

f Make the personal characteristics in Exercise 3e negative by adding a

h Draw a mind map similar to Silvia’s, showing your strengths and

Strengths Weaknesses Positive

i In pairs, discuss your mind

award complete graduate hold obtain read

1 I <ytc\A.\\c\\-e.A with a BA in Sociology

a Master’s in Security Studies at the University of

C In pairs, discuss the following questions.

Highlighting your skills and experience

In pairs, discuss the following questions.

Match the transferable skills (1-8) to the examples of professional

W rite your own examples

appty convince deal give plan talk understand work

1 7 <*pplieA for my MA course while I was working in Africa,

g In pairs, discuss which

Complete the phrases for demonstrating transferable skills using the

i In pairs, think of some more specific actions

I Think of three different jobs and list

Researching the market

6 3 In pairs, discuss the following questions.

b ► 1.4 Listen to five people

Speaker 2 _____________ Speaker 5 ______________

7 3 In pairs, discuss the following questions.

b ► 1.5 Eryk and

4 To begin with I mainly worked managing a team of cleaners and porters.

d Match the extracts (1-5) in Exercise 7c to the following cold calling

e Ask to speak to the decision maker by name ____

8 3 In pairs, discuss the following questions.

b Employers usually try to squeeze as much information into their job

Match the jargon in Exercise 8 d to the following questions. In pairs, take

g Read the job advertisem ents again

3 An abbreviatio n meaning thousand.

4 A term used ttoo inform

Speaker 2 _ Speaker 5 __