Math 15

Exam 2

Nashir Janmohamed 1325605

Name ID Number

Instructions:

1. You may not use external sources(websites or outside help) for this exam.

2. You may not use di↵erent notation or techniques other than the ones presented in class.

3. Show all of your work carefully. No work no credit.

4. Label your answers. (box them)

5. Read the questions carefully.

6. Check your answers.

1
1. Find an interval around x = ⇡/2 for which the given initial-value problem has a unique
solution. Carefully justify your answer.[10 pts]
⇡
(x 6
)y00 + (csc x)y = ex ; y(⇡/2) = 1 , y0 (⇡/2) = 0
need Ix ) to and l x) (x), old continuous Then existence and
a
,
a.
,
a ,
a
, glx ) .
uniqueness

theorem guarantees a solution .

It for Need IO for cscx to be continuous Want interval centered

Need x # a. to .
x e
, .

around x = 't .

Thus , I =
( II
,
SII ) .

2. Determine whether the functions given by f1 (x) = e2x , f2 (x) = e3x , and f3 (x) = e x
are
linearly independent or dependent on the interval ( 1, 1).[10 pts]

X
e3x
-

W =
EH e

3e3×
: : .

: . e.
: :÷
"
2e six
e
-

a
.

. .
. . .

=
e
"
( 32×+9 e
"

) -

2e
"

( e
"
-

9e
"
) the
"

f -

e
"
-

Be
"
)=e2×fl2e" the
"
-
Ibe
"
]
- in I
12
-

= he
"
* O for c- ( - A od So these functions are linearly independent
x
.

, ,
.

3. Determine whether the functions given by f1 (x) = cosh2 x , f2 (x) = sinh2 x, and f3 (x) = ⇡
are linearly independent or dependent on the interval ( 1, 1).[10 pts]

cosh l x ) Thos h4x ) sink xD

'
-

sink I x ) =/ .
-
-

IT .

So Tf - Tfa =
fz Thus these functions are linearly dependent
,
.
.

,
,

2
 4. Given that y1 = ex is a solution of xy00 2(x + 1)y0 + (x + 2)y = 0, use the method of
reduction of order to find a second solution of this di↵erential equation. Also, write
the general solution of this equation. No formulas to find solutions of any DE are
allowed.[20 pts]

n' e×tue× "e×t2u'extue×

' '
'
! y
-

y
=

g-
me
-

my
=
,

2(xtD[n' extuex ) ( xt2)[ue×]=

X[ a "e×t2u' extue 'T - t

( 2xt2l[ ht e×tue× ] uxe×t2ue×

t

u "xe×t2u'xe×tuxe× -

2h 'xe×-2uxe× -
2u'eK2ue×

2×1×-2×422
=fxe×)u" t ( ex )u'tfxe×-2xe×-2e×txe×t2e4u=O .

=D .

'
xe×w
"

! 2e×w=o
"

2e×u'=O
×e×u Let Dividing byxe both sides yields
-

.
w=u .
on

=L
Id " " " "
'

'

µ=e" So
"
'
w -
¥w=O .
e- = x
,
µ=x

¥1
]dx=fod×⇒x"w=c⇒w=cx2
x' w
'
-
253W =
O .
⇒ x' w ]=O . f¥fx" w

y=fwdx=fcx2d×=¥cx3tcz=c,x3tez .

) ( ex )=4x3e×tcze×
y=uyi=( c. x3 tea .

"
Thus the second solution yz=x3e and the general solution
'

is =
a x' e' the ?
, y

5. Solve y(4) y000 13y00 + y0 + 12y = 0.[10 pts] 13 I 12

I
I
-
-
I
-

2,13 ,±4±6±I2
MY
I
)
' It
( .

13mi m
-
tenth =
O root cand .

.
,

I I 0
.

13 -12
-

I O 13 -12 O

Bm

I
-

's
above
So
, fur1)-
is root
a .
H 1) (
-
m
-

root cand : same as

)
( 12¥ ( 4) I mt3

-121=0
'
I 0 13 -12
So ( mtl ) root m
m -

I m
- .
-

is
- -

a .

't -3
llfmtl )( i
-1,4
'
I 12
m
I
.

I m
m , ,
-

m
-

-
.

I
-12 0
-

3 y=c,e×tCze-×tCze"×tC4e3×
6. Solve y00 + 6y0 + 9y = xe4x . No formulas to find solutions are allowed. [20 pts]

9)
Step
I : (D 't GD t
9) y -

-
O .
( m
't Gmt =
fonts ) ? m
= -3mHz .

" "

c. e- taxi
Yo
=

I
' "

step 2 ( 4) txe
"
:
D -

annihilates .

't 9) y (D 4) 4- I
2 "
O
(D 4) (D GD = -
-

t xe
-

'

step 3 :
I m
-

4) ( Mt 35=0 .
m
=
4mHz ,
3 multi .

" "
H
tczxeisxtcse
×

e- tcyxe
y=C ,

T hype

'p=4e" "×(4Bxt4AtB)
"

f At ) ( At Bx ) e' (B)
"
et
'
'

step 4 Bx
=
t e
y
-

yp
: -

Ye ( 413 )
"
)
" "
=
"×( 413×+4 At B) t e' = e 41613×+16 At 813
yp

"
) "×(4Bxt4AtB)t9e"
be f At Bx )
''

steps 41613×+16 At 813

: =
e t

" "

e "×/d6A*8Bt24At6Bt9A ) ( l6Bt24Bt9B/x)= Xe
-

e-
-

49B= -

I
491-+1413=0

⇒ D= -

IT 49A 14 # ##⇒ A 4 i.
yp
-
e "×( 14 fax )
-

"
taxes ('t14 Fax )
"
solution e- et
step 6 Hence the general y=yctyp= a
: -

4
7. Solve (cos x)y00 2(cos x)y0 +2(cos x)y = ex . State an interval on which the general solution
is defined.[20pts]
f (x )
-

' '

Koshy 't2kosx)y=e× 2y't2y=e×secx

"

Steph Koshy ⇒
y
-

a
y
-

Toshxtczsinx
m=EH{=I±i yc=e×( a
)
:(
i.
)y=O -21=0
H2mi
'

2 D 2 Dt2
step
.
-

- .

e'
'
Tsim "

step 3
: W= oosx
=e2×( sinxcosxtcoix -
( sinxcosx -
sink )) '
e

e×wsx exsinx -
exsinxtexaosx

excess, 0 O exsinx

Wz=
W
=

,
a,
=e = -

e
"tanX
e×wsx exsinx -
exsecx exgecx exsinxtex ×

ui=Wf=ee÷=I ui=E= -
e

"et= -

tax
Inter.ir

step 4 :

yi-fldx-xuz_f_tanxdx-lnlsecxl-tn@cxlforxefIz.I '
)
.

( sinxlnlsecx ))
'
step 5 :

yp
-
excosxlxltexsinxf -

lnfsecx))
=
e' xcosx -

step 6 : Hence
,
the general
solution
y=yctyp= exlcicosxtczsinxtxcosx
sinxlnlsecxl -

This solution defined f-

is on 7- TIE ) .