:38 PHYSICS-X

Problem 8. Can a body have zero velocity and still be Problem 17. Two balls of
accelerating ? [Delhi 05C] differe
lighter and other heavier) are throw t mase.
28. A body thrown vertically upwards has with the same speed. Which one wertically
2ero veloCity at its highest point but has acceleration equal Polnt or projeculon in their y upwards
irectionhroughwith tthhee
to the
acceleration due to gravity. greater speed ?
downward equa

its
Problem 9. Can an Solution. In case of motion
while object have an eastward velocity under grav the
experiencing a westward acceleration? with which a body returns
back is ity, the spee
insta

Solution. Yes. A speed with which it is thrown up. always equal So1
pendulum oscillating in
direction will have eastward east-west Since to th
final thefor
both express
velocity and westward speed does not involve
mass,
acceleration in half cycle of its oscillation. acquire the same speed. the balls
Problem 10. Can the direction of velocity of an object Problem 18. Can the relative will neg

change, when acceleration is constant? be greater than the absolut velocity of two t
Solution. Yes. For an Solution.
velocity of either bodies
bo
object thrown
upwards, the direction of velocity verticaluy
Yes. When two
directions, the relative velocity bodies
body ?
move iin opposite ime

and fall. But changes during its rise of each is greater

is
acceleration acts always downwards and individual velocity of either than the
remains constant. body.
Problem 19. A car travelling with a velot
roblem 11. Is it possible for a body to be accelerate d 50 kmh o n a cha
without straight road is ahead
of a n Aty of
speeding up or slowing down ? If so,
example. give an travelling with a
speed of 75 kmh. How wonl-cyle bod
[Himachal 01, 04] relative
Solution. Yes. An
object in uniform circular velocity be altered if motor cycle is ould the fror
accelerating but its motion
speed neither decreases nor increases.
is car ? aheadd of
Problem 12. Under what Solution. The relative velocity will
hav
velocity equal to the instantaneouscondition is the average remain
of the two same as it
does not depend on the
Solution. When a velocity ? position bodies. bod
body moves with a constant Problem 20. Even when rain is
velocity, its average velocity over time interval is downwards, the front screen of falling verticall
instantaneous velocity. any moving
same as is a
while the back
remains dry. Why ? car gets wet
screen
Problem 13. Why is the Solution. This is because
speed, in
than the
magnitude of the velocity ? general, greater direction of relative velocity the rain strikes the
of rain with car in the
Solution. Because of the Problem 21. respect to car.
motion, the length of the change in the direction of so Is it at
possible that the brakes
of a
path traversed by body is
generally greater than the magnitude a
why
perfect that the car
stops instantaneously. car are
So speed is of its
displacement.
? If not,
generally greater than the magnitude of velocity. Solution. No, it is not
Problem 14. Is the direction of possible. In order to make
the direction of acceleration same as velocity zero in an
velocity ? the car needs an infinitesimally small
infinite declaration whichinterval of time, ob
Solution. Not
necessarily. If
acceleration acts in the direction of velocity increases, Problem 22. When an
is not
possible to
observer is standing
decreases, then acceleration acts in velocity and if velocity e
rees and houses appear on earth, a

of velocity. the opposite

direction when he is sitting in a stationary to him. However, pd
appear to move in moving train, all these objecis ob
Problem 15. Can we use the backward direction.
tofind the height attained equations of kinematics Solution. For the Why? ter
with any by a
body projected upwards stationary observer, the relanve
velocity ? velocity of trees and houses is zero. For the the
Solution. No. The
equations
of
sitting in the moving train, the relative
observer
applicable only so long the kinematics
are and trees is velocity houseof WI
acceleration due to gravity acceleration
as
is uniform.
The
negative.
backward direction.
So these
objects appear to move
is uniform
surface of the earth. only near the Problem 23. The displacement of a C
Problem 16. Two balls of be
proportional
different masses (one nature to the cube of body is given
lighter and other heavier) are thrown of the time elapsed. What 1s
acceleration of the body?
with same initial
speed. Which onevertically
will
upward Solution. Given
dis
greater height? rise to the s
oct or s =kt
Solution. Both the balls will rise to [1.L.T.] ds
Velocity ==3kt2 me
is because, for the same
body moving with
a heights. It
and acceleration, the distance coveredgiven initial velocity
not depend on the mass of
the body.
by the body does Acceleration= 6 kt
=

dt i.e., acceleration ct.

Clearly, the acceleration mly with time

increases unitormuy
 "C +(1.6) = 2.
2.6 ms2. 27Tn= 2t x 18 36
=
T rad
If a makes angle 0 with ap, then Angular speed of the bar,
27Tv =
2T x =7.2 rad s
8 T
60
. Required time,
38°40'.
t 36 t
= 5 s.
7.2 T
VERY SHORT ANSWER COCEPTUAL
PROBLEMAS
Problem 1. Why cannot be vectors added alge-
braically? Solution. The vectors (A -B) and (B -A) have
Solution. Apart from magnitude, the vectors also have equal magnitude but opposite directions.
directions, so they cannot be added algebraically, Problem 8. Can A+ B A -B?
Problem 2. State the essential condition for the
Solution. Yes. The equality holds when Bis a null vector.
addition of vectors.

Solution. The essential condition for the addition of
vectors is thatthey must represent the physical quantities
of same nature.
Problem 3. Is time a vector quantity ? Give reason.
Solution. No. Time flows from past to present and
present to future. Thus the direction of time flow is
unique and does not need to be specified. Hence time is
not a vector, though it has a direction.
Problem 9. When is the magnitude of (A+ B)equal to
the magnitude of (A B)?
Solution. When the vectors A and B are perpen-
dicular to each other,| Á+ Bl =| Á B
Problem 10. Under what condition will the direc-
tions of sum and difference of two vectors be same?
Solution. When the two vectors are unequal in

Problem 4. Is pressure a vector ? Give reason. magnitude and are in the same direction.

Solution. No. Pressure is always taken to be normal to Problem 11. If A+ B =

B+A, what can you say about
the plane of the area on which it is acting. As this direction the angle between A and B ?
is unique, it does need any specification. So pressure is
not a vector. Solution. A and B can have any angle betweern them
because commutative law holds good for any two coplanar
Problem 5. Can two vectors of different magnitudes
be combined to give zero resultant ? vectors.
Problem 12. Can we add a velocity vector to a

Solution. No, two vectors of difterent magnitudes displacement vector ?

resultant.
cannot be combined to give zero Solution. No, only vectors representing physical
Problem 6. When is the magnitude of the resultant of quantities of same nature can be added together.

two vectors equal to either of them ? Problem 13. What is the minimum number of
which can give
Solution. When two vectors of equal magnitude are coplanar vectors of different magnitudes
of resultant?
inclined to each other at an angle of 120°, the magnitude
zero

vector. Solution. Three. If three vectors can be represented by

their resultant is equal to that of the either
the three sides of a triangle taken in the same order, then
a =a + a2 +2a cos0 their resultant is a zero vector.

cos = - 120 |+|bj=|c1, what

Problem 14. If a +b =c and |a
direction of direction of these vectors ?
Problem 7. Are the magnitude and can we say about the
same direction.
A -B) same as that of (B -A)? [Delhi 10] Solution. The three vectors have the
 :64
PHYSICS-XI
Problem 26. Why we are hurt less
when we jump on a
muddy floor in system. There 1s no torce of reaction. When
comparison to a hard floor? rested against a support, the reaction
Solution. When we of the esbloc
jump on a muddy floor, the floor isis
carried in the direction of the
the block in position and the nail is
driven intPort hi
the o

jump and the time interval Problem 34. Why it is difficult to climb
W h a t

At for which force acts

is increased. This up a
decreases rate of Solution. When a person climbs greesy pole
change of momentum and hence the force of
pole downward with his feet and thepole
reaction. the up
a 1 with
Therefore we are hurt less. nol Pres is st
pushes the person upwards with an equal force
Problem 27.
and motorcycles ?
Why are shockers used in cars, scooters is greasy, its surface becomes ta tum
slippery and the n f the pole
P

Solution. In the
able to press it. As there is no action, person
there will be n
moto

which the force acts

event of jerk
jump, or forthe time Hence it becomes difficult for the eno react
person to climb
muck

t h e ss
increases. Since the product of force Problem 35. In a tug ofwar, the team up.
and time is to remain
constant in a given situation, harder against the that n
therefore the force decreases. ground wins. Why ? ushes
Solution. The team that pushes harder against
Problem 28. Why buffers reactional force and this
are provided between the gets greater leads the8round
bogies of a railway train ? n
Problem 36. Can a sailboat be win.
Solution. Due to buffer propelled by air hia
between the
spring, the time of impact at the sails from a fan attached to
the boat ? blown
bogies increases, and the force acting Solution. No. When the fan
between the bogies (F
Impulse / time) decreases. Conse
= pushes the sail by blowins
air, the air also pushes the fan in the
quently, passengers sitting inside the opposite direction longE
bogies do not the fan is also a part of the boat, the
vector sum otof the
experience strong jerks. For the same reason shockers are momenta of the tan and the boat is zero.
provided in all vehicles. The boat vwcl
move only if some external wl
Problem 29. Why is it agency applies force on it
necessary to bend knees while
jumping from greater height ? Problem 37. A man is at rest in the middle at re
of a pond
Solution. During the jump, our feet at once
on
perfectly frictionless ice. How can he get himselí t bulle
come to the shore ?
rest and for this smaller time To cc
(F Impulse / time) a large
=

Solution. If the
force acts on feet. If we bend the knees throws away his shirt
man inth
slowly, the value of direction opposite to the desired direction in a
time of impact increases and less force of motion, h
acts on our feet. So can get himself to the shore.
we get less hurt. one
Problem 38. Two bodies of masses M
Problem 30. A brick can be pushed gently on the and m a
allowed to fall from the same
mooth floor by applying force with our foot. But if we be same for each
height. If the air-resistane the
kick the brick, the foot is hurt.
Why ? body, will the two bodies reach the the
earth simultaneously ?
Solution. When the brick is kicked, the time for which large
force is impressed is short and hence rate of Solution. No. Let the air-resistance on each
change of Net
body be F
momentum of the brick is downward force body of mass M Mg-F
on also
large. The brick in turn, due to =

noti
reaction applies large force on the foot. This
hurt our foot.
force may Acceleration of body of mass M, a= :- =g-
F
M
Problem 31. Why is it that when a man app
from a height of several jumps down
into a stretched
Similarly acceleration of body of mass m,a =8- mas=

he receives no
storeys trapaulin, Hen
injury? As M>m . a> a '
Solution. When the jumps, the trapaulin gets
man Thus the acceleration of befa
the larger mass is greater
depressed at the place of impact. This increases the time of Will reach the earth mon
impact (Af).As a result, the trapaulin exerts a very small force earlier.
Problem 39. There is some water in a beaker placed
(F-impulse/time) on the man, and he receives
no injury. on the pan of grav
Problem 32. According to Newton's third law, every
a
spring balance. If we dip our ing
this water without Cons
force is touching the bottom of
accompanied by equal and opposite force. How then what would the he
can
anything move then ? be the effect on the reading
balance ? Stro
Solution. Though action and reaction
act simul- Solution. The reading will increase. 1he
taneously, but they act on different bodies. This makes the wa
motion possible. exert upthrust on the
finger and the finger wil d
Problem 33. Why is it difficult to equal force of reaction water in the
lownwad

drive a nail into direction ie., on the bottom of

on ao
wooden block without a
the beaker.
supporting it ? Problem 40. Two boys having the thar
Solution. When we hit the nail with a mass

hammer,
and unsupported block together move forward as athe
single
nail standing
less surface. A rope is fastened
on ice-skates distance thesame
around apart
at some distance
e on a fricio
apa of abo adju
 PHYSICS-X
0.42
moving around the
sun in a Problem
9. In a tug of war
one
Problem 2. The earth team is
circular orbit is acted upon by a force and hence
work way to the other. What work is bein
eing o neis sin. Problem

must be done on the earth by the force. Do you agree

by Solution. The work is done by the and by same kinetic

this statement ?
equal to the product of resultant forcewinnis
appli ing teamwhon
a momentum
Soiution. The statement is wrong. The gravitational tore teams and displacement that thethe lePplied
IS a conservative force. So the work done by the gravita Problem 10. A losing team by the thw
s
S o l u t i o n .

man
rowing boat upshe
with respect to the shore. Is
complete orbit of the earth is
zero. he
tional torce over every doing work ? at t
Problem 3. A body is moving along a circular path. Solution. The boat with is at rest
How much work is done by the centripetal force ? but it is moving upstream with respect to the sh
respect to w
or
Thus the
(Himachal 05C, 08; Delh: 06] is doing work relative to the streamer.The
Or
eam
tive motionbecause
the lighter or

Why is the work done by centripetal force zero? applying torce to produce relative he
ICentral Schools 12 boat and the stream. But he does no between tg Problem

Solution. For a body moving along a circular path, the shore as displacement relative to the
the s ive to the change if its
shore is z
centripetal force acts along the radius while the displace Problem 11. Mountain roads rarely go zero.
wind up gradually. Why? straioh.
ment is tangential ie, 8 90, therefore W = Fs cos 90 = d up bu Solution

Solution. If the roads go straight

radius r with a constant speed r. The force on thecircle
Problem 4. A body of mass m is moving
body is
in a
of up, the
slope 0 would be large. In that case frictio When t
(f =
u mg cos 8) wOuld be less and rictional
the vehicles oe e n e r g y becc
mv and is directed towards the centre. What the
large slope, amay
is s
Moreover, while going up a
work done by this force in moving the body over half power would be required (as it will take les reate Proble
ime). the same
the circumference of the circle ? Problem 12. What sort of energy is
associated wih k i n e t i c enes

done the force is because the bird flying in air ?

Solution.Work by zero,
Solutio
direction of displacement of the body at every point is A flying bird Solution.
possesses both potential ani h a v i n g ma=
perpendicular to the direction of force acting on the body. kinetic energies because it is at a certain height abow
Problem 5. Is it possible that a body be in accelerated 8round and moving with certain velocity.
bove the
motion under a force acting on the body, yet no work is Problem 13. When an arrow is shot, where from the or
being done by the force ? Explain your answer giving a arrow will acquire its kinetic energy ?
suitable example. Solution. A stretched bow possesses potential energy
Solution. Yes, it is possible, when the force is perpen- on account of a change in its shape. To shoot an arow, te Or
dicular to the direction of motion. The moon revolves bow IS released. The potential energy of the bow is
round the earth under the centripetal force of attraction of converted into the kinetic energy of the arrow. Proble
the earth, but earth does no work on the moon. Problem 14. Can a body have energy without equal ki
Problem 6. How much work is done by a coolie walk momentum ? momenta
ing on a horizontal platform with a load on his head ? Solution. Yes, there is an internal energy in a body due Soluti
to the thermal agitation of the
Solution. Zero. In order to balance the load on his particles of the body, whie
head, the coolie applies a force on it in the upward the vector sum ot the momenta of the moving partidks or
direction equal to its weight. His displacement is along may be zero.

the horizontal direction. Thus the Problem 15. Can a body have momentum withou
angle between force F energy ? or
and displacement s is 90. Theretore, work done, Solution. No, if a body has momentum, it mustbe
W = Fs cos = Fs cos 90° = 0 motion and consequently possess kinetic energy Or
Problem 7. A porter moving Problem 16. A light body and a heavy body have t
vertically up the stairs
with a suitcase on his head does work.
? Why same momentum. Which one will have greater 19
Solution. The porter lifts the suitcase Schools 14, Prob
Or Central
vertically to the
upstairs. Force has to be applied on the suitcase ame
linear
Solu-
Two bodies of unequal masses have sa
force of gravitation.
Hence the porter does work. against the
momentum, which one has greater kinetic ene[Delhi
0 00 energy
Problem 8. Does the work done in zero.
to
a raising suitcase
on a
platform depend upon how fast it is raised up ? (mZm Pro
Solution. Kinetic energy, K= 2
negativ
Solution. No. The work done
[Himachal 08 Solu
gravity and the height
depends on the force of For constant p, has mas
through which the suitcase is K
raised. It does not
suitcase is raised.
depend on the time rate
with which the Thus the lighter body has more kinetic enc
m Byt h a nthe
exampl-
an ator
heavier body.
 YSTEMS OF PART
10
Write
oression for the LES &
ss of
system of particles.velocity of the
a
ROTATIONAL MOTIC
TION
What is a rigid body ? centre
[Central Schools 131
of 7.93

analogueHimachal
the s
ame the rotation angular velocity of rotation
2 08; Delhi watch greater of hour hand of al
of
unit.
force. Give 091 Ot
or smaller than the angular
earth's rotation about velocity
13. Is torque a scalar or its SI its own axis ?
34.
ased vector ? If bodies move in two
determine concentric circular
direction vector,
to
and r, in the same time. What is thepaths
its
the ? which rule is Oradii ratio
14.
Write
dimensional tormula of
of their
angular velocities?
15. Whatis the ratio of
SI torque. Name the rotational analogue of linear acceleration.
torque?
unit to the CGS 0 What is the
unit of analogous of mass in rotational
notion ? Write unit of
16. Under what conditions, is
that physical quantity also.
the
17. A body is
at rotating torque zero ? IS
moment
Delhi 08]
acting on the body ?
a
steady rate. Is of inertia a scalar or a vector quantity ?
any torque [Himachal 01]
18 Which physical quantity 38. Write an
expression for the moment of inertia of a
linear momentum ? corresponds to moment of
rod of
'M and length 'L' about an axis
mass

aWrite the perpendicular to it through one end. [Delhi 2003]

dimensional tormula 39. What is the moment of
momentum. Is it of inertia of
a scalar
? angular about its diameter?
a solid sphere
20. Write the SI unit of Delhi 09]
angular momentum. 40. What is the moment of inertia of
hollow
about
a
sphere
21. What is the ratio ot the [Delhi 08] an axis passing through its centre?
SI unit to 41. Find the radius of
the CGS unit gyration of uniform solid
angular momentum ? of
sphere about its diameter.
a

92.
[Central Schools 14]
Name the constant whose 42. What is the
dimensions are dimensional formula of radius of
that of angular momentum ?
same as 8yration?
43. State the factors
23. Does the on which radius of
magnitude and direction of
body depends. gyration of a

momentum depend on the choice of the angular

origin ? 44. A circular ring and
24. Does the total
a circular disc of the same
momentum of a radius have the
system of same moment of inertia about axis
particles depend upon the velocity of the centre of passing through their centres and
mass? their perpendicular
to
planes. What is the ratio of their masses?
25. What is the 45. Where does the centre
angular momentum ofa body of mass m of mass of a
rectangular
moving in a circular path of radius r with constant laminalie? Himachal 03]
speed v? 46. What is torque? Give its SI unit.
26. State right hand rule to find the direction of angular [Himachal 04, 05C, 09
47. What are the factors on which
momentum. the moment of
inertia of a body depends?
27. Name the physical quantity which is to the [Himachal 04]
equal 48. Give the physical
time rate of change of angular momentum. significance of moment of inertia.
28. Which physical quantity is conserved when a [Himachal 08, 09]
49. Which physical quantity is
represented by the
planet revolves around the sun? product of moment of inertia and angular velocity?
2S A planet revolves around the sun under the effect [Delhi 04; Central Schools 12]
of gravitational force exerted by the sun. Why is the 50. Define angular momentum. ICentral Schools 18]
the due to the gravitational force 51. Define the term moment of momentum.
Torque on planet
zero? 52. Write two factors on which centre of mass of a
body
does not depend.
A boat is likely to capsize if the persons in the boat Chandigarh 09]
53. Define mechanical advantage of a lever.
stand up. Why?
1. A body is moving in a circle of radius r centimetre [Delhi 18
dt a constant speed of v cm s . What is the angular 54. Define moment of inertia. Give its SI unit. [Delhi 19]
55. If the earth contracts to half of its present radius,
velocity? earth spinning
what would be the length of the day on it ?
what is the angular velocity of the [Central Schools 19]
about its own axis ?
 PHYSICS-XI

8.76 25. Has gravity any etfect o n tial

inertial mass?
1s
earth
difterent planets have diffe
5. The value of G on the
What
surface

is its
value
of
on the 26. Why do
velocities ? different escape
1 0 " Nm kg
6.67 x 27. On what factors does the value ofg depend ?
moon? gravitational
formula of ettect of altitude on
What is the accele
6. What
constant?
is the
dimensional
Delhi 13]
constant
28.
gravity ?
ration due o 49

same
with the
Do all the bodies fall What is the
ettect of non-sphericity of the earth
the absence of air
resistance 29,
? 0
acceleration in
centre ot
the the value of '8' On
What a r e the
values of g and
G at the
due to gravity at a height
Delhi o
8.
earth ?
30. If accelerations
the surface of the earh
nth and at aa
u
51
difference between g and G. depth d below are equal,
9. Give one point of and how areh and d related ?
which is vector amongst g 52
Which is scalar and ot a body vary e n r .
How does the weight
10.
31.
G? the moon ? Nould its iner rom
first determined the value the earth to
who nass
11. Name the scientist
change and gravitational
mass
change?
of G experimentally. 32. What is the time period of a sample pendiul
12. Name the apparatus used for the experimental
centre of the earth ?
ulum t
determination of G. the
at the centre of
13. Do the gravitational forces obey Newton's third 33 What will be our weight earth, if he
earth w e r e a hollow sphere?
law of motion?
bodies is 1 N. 34. A body of mass 5 kg is taken to the centre
14. The gravitational force between two of the
what will its there ?
doubled, earth. What will be
mass
If the distance between them is
be the force? [Himachal 06]
from the surtace of the earth
35. If a man goes to a
body falls
15. Does the acceleration with which a height equal to the radius of the earth, then what
of
towards the centre of the earth depend on mass
will be his weight relative to that on the earth ?
the body ? What if he goes equally below the surface of tha
16. Calculate the force of attraction between two balls earth?
each of mass 1 kg when their centres are 10 cm
36. The earth is acted upon by the gravitational force of
constant
apart. The value of gravitational attraction due to the sun. Then why does the earth
G 6.67 x 10 Nmkg2. Delhi 97]
not fall towards the sun ?
17. The distance of Pluto from the sun is 40 times the
distance of earth. If the masses of earth and Pluto be 37. Suppose the earth stops rotating about its axis.

equal, what will be ratio of gravitational forces of

What will be the effect on the weight of bodies?
sun on these planets? 38. If the earth rotates faster, how does g change at
18. Write an expression for the acceleration due to poles?
gravity on the earth's surface. 39. What is the effect on our weight due to revolution
19. Write an equation for the mean density of the earth. of the earth about the sun ?
20. The gravitational force acting on a rocket at a height h 40. Write the formula for the
gravitational
potential
from the earth's surface is 1/3 rd of the force acting energy of mass m at a finite distance r in the
on a body at sea level. What is relation between h gravitational field of mass M.
and R, (radius ofthe earth)? 41. What is the work done in bringing a body of massm
21. The mass and diameter of a from infinity to the surface of the earth ?
planet are twice those
of the earth. What will be acceleration
due to 42. What is the unit of of the
gravity at the planet, if acceleration due to intensity gravitatona
on the earth is g ?
gravity field?
43. What is the value of
22. What is the mass of a
body that gravitational potential energy
place whereg =9.80 m s ?
weighs 1 N at a at infinity ?
[Delhi 97] 44. What is the
23. How much is the
torque due to
gravity on a body
value of the
the earth's surface and at
gravitational inte 1sitya
about its centre of mass? the earth's centre
24. Which is 45. What is the relation betweenggravitational tensity
greater the attraction of earth for 1 of
-

iron or attraction of 1 kg and gravitational potential

kg of iron for the earth ? Give at a point ?
reason. 46.
Why is gravitational potential energy negau tive?