Style In Written English

Advance Structure
Sahri Suwandi, M.pd

Created by :
Name : Dena Juliana (201912500978)
Chelsy Agata (201912500959)
Dinda Octaviani (201912501065)
Class : S5D ( Group 12 )

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ART
INDRAPRASTA PGRI UNIVERSITY
2019

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 PREFACE

The author extends special thanks to the God for the blessing and grace for
the author, so we can finish this paper on time. Thanks to Mister Sahri
Suwandi M.pd as the lecturer who always help their students and give a lot
of useful knowledge.

It is one of the assignments in advance structures. It is composed of the

explanation of style in written English. This is not a perfect model so the
author expects the critic and suggestion in order to make it better.

Hopefully this paper can be used as a reference to learn about the style of
written English.

Jakarta, 17 December 2021

Author

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 DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER I.................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER II................................................................................................................................5
DISCUSSION..............................................................................................................................5
1. SEQUENCE OF TENSES......................................................................................................5
2. ANTECEDENT....................................................................................................................6
3. QUESTION TAG.................................................................................................................6
4. SAY/TELL...........................................................................................................................6
5. PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVE...............................................................................................7
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................7

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Definition
An English writing style is a way of using the English language.

The style of a piece of writing is the way in which features of the language are used to
convey meaning, typically but not always within the constraints of more widely accepted
conventions of usage, grammar, and spelling.

An individual's writing style may be a very personal thing. Organizations that employ
writers or commission written work from individuals may require that writers conform to a
standardized style defined by the organization. This allows a consistent readability of
composite works produced by many authors, and promotes usability of, for example,
references to other cited works.

In many kinds of professional writing aiming for effective transfer of information,

adherence to a standardised style of writing helps readers make sense of what the writer
is presenting. Many standardised styles are documented in style guides. Some styles are
more widely used, others restricted to a particular journal. Adherence to no particular
style is also a style in its own right; some may think it undesirable, others not.

B. Principles of English Written Style

Note: these are principles: they are by no means to be considered as "rules".

The more formal language is, the more it is likely to use passive structures.

The more formal language is, the more verbal nouns it will use.

The more formal a document is, the more words of Latin origin it will use.

Conversely

The more informal or spontaneous language is, the more it will use humans as the subjects
of sentences.

The more informal a text is, the less it will use passive structures,

The more informal a text is, the more it will use verb structures (where a choice is possible)
instead of verbal nouns.

The more informal or spoken a text is, the more words of Germanic origin it will use.

Here are some examples; in each case, the same idea is expressed using three different
levels of formality: look at the different changes that occur, as we move from a formal style
to an informal one.

Example:

1. The inclement climatic conditions obliged the President to return earlier than scheduled.

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Formal: The president was obliged to return earlier than planned due to poor weather
conditions.

Informal: The president had to go back sooner than planned because the weather was so
bad.

2. Please await instructions before dispatching items.

Formal: Please wait for instructions before sending items off.

Informal: Don't send anything off until you're told to do so.

3. Essential measures should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity.

Formal: One should undertake any necessary measures at the earliest opportunity.

Informal: You should do whatever you have to as soon as you can.

4. Prior to the discovery of America, potatoes were not consumed in Europe.

Formal: Before America was discovered, potatoes were not eaten in Europe.

Informal: Before they discovered America, Europeans didn't eat potatoes.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

1. SEQUENCE OF TENSES

In writing English, the sequence of tenses is the logic that regulates tenses, for
example an event in the future tense cannot occur in the past tense. In writing, the
sequence of tenses determines where an event occurs. Past tense events come
before the present tense, present tense events come before future tense events etc.
We can see this in the if clause.

Example :

1. If someone says "I need to go to the store" then you have to say "she said
that she needed to go to the store" you change "need" to "needed" even
though the incident is still the same in the present tense.
2. “if you could meet me at the airport, I would be grateful” This is a present
tense event but we change “can” to “could” because this is a conditional
sentence.

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 3. “I wish I had been at the party last night” This sentence is a past tense
event that doesn't happen but we use the past perfect to say it.

2. ANTECEDENT

In writing English, an antecedent is a word that is replaced by a pronoun. The word

antecedent means "before". This is because pronouns often replace the previous
word or a word that was previously mentioned.

Example :

1. “when you see the professor, please tell him I”ll be 10 minutes late” in this
sentence the word “professor” is the antecedent and the word “him” is the
pronoun of the word “professor” which was mentioned first.
2. "gail called to say she will arrive at 7 o'clock" in this sentence "gail is an
antecedent and the word "she" is a pronoun.
3. “The man who lives next door lost his driving license” in this example the
word “man” is the antecedent of the relative pronoun “his”.
Although the meaning of the word antecedent is "before" the antecedent is
not always mentioned at the beginning, but it can also be mentioned after
the pronoun as in the sentence "when you see him, please tell the professor
I"ll be late 10 minutes" said the professor is still an antecedent of the
pronoun " him” but the word “professor” is mentioned at the end after the
pronoun.

3. QUESTION TAG

Question tags are short questions that are added at the end of a declarative
sentence to ask for information or seek approval.

Example of a question tag sentence:

(negative) Mutiara didn't come late, did she?

(positive) Mutiara came late, didn't she?

4. SAY/TELL

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“Say” or “tell” have the same meaning. Both of them, namely "say" or "tell" means
that communicating verbally with someone. But we often use the two words with
different meanings, using say to say something to someone and using tell to say or
refer something to someone else. The conclusion is on the understanding in English,
namely "You say something to someone" - "You tell someone something"

5. PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVE

Adjectives are used to describe nouns. Participial adjective is an adjective in the form
of V+ing (Present Participle) and V+ed (Past Participle).

Examples of Participles As Adjectives:

1) So much work was (overwhelming). The staff are (overwhelmed).

2) I was so (entertained) by the movie. The movie was very (entertaining).
3) The direction to the hotel was (confusing). The driver was (confused).

CONCLUSION