Chapter 16A - Lecture (1) Health Class

Access to Health
Sixteenth Edition
Chapter 16A
Focus on Minimizing Your
Risk for Diabetes
Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Did You Prepare and Did You
Learn?
• Explain trends in diabetes in the United States and

globally describe the effect of diabetes on the
body, and differentiate among types of diabetes
and their risk factors.
• Describe the symptoms of, complications
associated with, and main tests for diagnosing
diabetes.
• Explain how diabetes can be prevented and
treated.
Diabetes Trends: United States
and Globally
• 422 million people classified as diabetic.

• Over half of all adult diabetes cases occur in five countries :
China, India, the United States, Brazil, and Indonesia.
• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
estimates that Diabetes affects almost 10 percent of the U.S.
population.
• Incidence of diabetes and associated economic burden
continues to increase at a rapid pace.
• Diabetes kills more Americans each year than breast cancer
and AIDS combined.
Percentage and Number of U.S.
Population with Diagnosed Diabetes,
1958–2015
Diabetes and the Human Body
(1 of 2)
• Type 1 Diabetes
– More serious and less prevalent autoimmune
disease.
– Insulin production decreases or stops
– Elevated glucose levels wreaks havoc with
tissues and organs in the body
– Damage affects kidneys, nerves in the hands
and feet. and has other serious health
consequences.
– Type 1.5 Diabetes (latent autoimmune diabetes
in adults)
Diabetes and the Human Body
(2 of 2)
• Type 2 Diabetes (non-insulin dependent):

– Represents 90 to 95 percent of all cases.
– Both genetics and lifestyle play key roles in
development.
– Either inadequate levels of insulin are
produced, or the body cells become insulin
resistant.
– Overabundance of free fatty acids in cells plays
a role.
– Children of Type 2 diabetic parents are at much
higher risk.
Video Tutor: How Diabetes Develops
https://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/assets/_video.true/sec
s-donatelle-videotutor-How_Diabetes_Develops
Diabetes: What It Is and How It Develops
Managing Your Risks
• Nonmodifiable risk factors:
– Increasing age, ethnicity, family history, and genetic
and biological factors
• Modifiable risk factors:
– Body weight, dietary choices, level of physical activity,
sleep patterns, and stress level are factors people
have some control over.
– Overweight and obesity especially when weight is
carried around the midsection is a significant risk
factor.
“See It! Videos: Two Meals a Day Could
Help Diabetics Control Blood Sugar”
https://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/assets/_video.true/sec
s-abc-news-video-two-meals-a-day-could-help-diabetics
Diagnosis and Symptoms
• Prediabetes—elevated blood glucose levels
• Over 84 million Americans, age 20 and older, have
prediabetes; most do not know it.
• Symptoms of diabetes include:
– Increased thirst
– Excessive urination
– Weight loss and fatigue
– Nerve damage
– Blurred vision
– Poor wound healing and infection
Blood Glucose Levels in Prediabetes and
Untreated Diabetes
Complications of Diabetes
• Diabetic coma
• Cardiovascular disease
• Kidney disease. Diabetes is the leading cause of
kidney failure.
• Amputations
• Eye disease
• Infectious diseases
• Gum and tooth disease
Complications of Uncontrolled Diabetes:
Amputation and Eye Disease
Preventative Measures
• Studies show that a loss of as little as 5 to 7
percent of current body weight and regular
physical activity significantly lowered the risk of
progressing to diabetes.
• Adopt a healthy diet—adhering to Mediterranean
diet reduces risks by 30 percent.
• Increase physical activity
• Medical interventions:
– Oral medications
– Weight loss surgery
– Insulin injections
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Access to Health

• Explain trends in diabetes in the United States and

• 422 million people classified as diabetic.

• Type 2 Diabetes (non-insulin dependent):

This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is

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