Recite the poem, Living Things ae Lam a living thing. Interesting fact about the lest, breathe, hear, talk, and think human ear: Am 1a human? Yes! Yes! The ear never stops e when people a living thi working even w! Jama living thing asleep. It continues to hear | live and grow to make food sounds, but the brain shuts am |a plant? Yes! Yes! them out. | live and grow like human, but cannot talk nor think. Am 1 an animal? Yes! Yes! Figure 3.1. Living things in their environment Humans have different systems within the body, and they work without ou orm a functioning or working human body. They are living things. -ike humans, plants and animals are living things that cannot survive or |i: ther. How do they differ? How are they similar? nimals can move from place to place, while plants cannot. Animals obtai r by taking food. Plants obtain energy by making their own food using sun! irbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a gas formed when people and animals t Is and plants can both reproduce or make more of their own, Plants and nportant to humans.ting in the school canteen. Figure 3.2. Children in the park and girls ea Overview in Grade 2, you learned about the parts, functions, and importance of the sense organs: more how to enjoy the Now, you will experienc different things in your environment with your sense organs. Your eyes, nose, ears, tongue; and skin are sense organs. Each sense organ has special nerve cells. These ‘erve cells gather information from your environment. Messages from most parts of your body travel through espinal cord. The spinal cord is a soft organ that connects ur brain with the nerves in your body. The nerves in the tal cord carry the information to the brain and back to part which will perform the desired function. Key Questions: 4. How do my sense organs help my body perform different activities 2... How do plants ar animals survive i their environmen rning Competencies: ed and describe the parts and functions of the sense organs of theh jody inumerate healthful practices to protect anne pi the sense organs and other partsa 0 ave your prior knowledge by doing this a com nrough the list of statements which yay, . work you agree with the statement or g ip eno” ausaeree with. ite ctivity, —— 2, Your sense of smell may give y, —— 3, The olfactory nerve is respon: _— ~ able to smell the odor of an ere is danger around. sible for bringing the message to the bral object. 4, Listening to loud music can dama, — 5, Adermatologist is a medical doctor for skin di a in diseases, Be Your eardrum, Our Five Senses | How do the five senses serve us? proble What You Need: things around perceived t with keen observation What To Do: List the types of information you perceived with the use of your senses. Use each sense to develop scientific description as to how each sense works. (Remember Not all objects can be tasted or touched.) What Have You Found Out? hrough the senses and your full attention 1. Sense of sight ee es 2. Sense of hearing3. Sense of smell cere Conclusion: rk? How does each sense organ wol| Lesson 1: sens e Organs and How to Care for th em Focus Points 4, Identify and describe the parts and func ; ti 2, Describe the different common dsea, "S Of the sense organs of the human body to prevent them SS of each organ and practice healthful habits You get most of the information from your environment through the senses. Your sense organs are very important parts of your body. INQUIRY LAB ~ The Sense Organs Get a partner. Your teacher will show you pictures of the different activities that childrer usually do. Challenge 1. You will identify the sense organs being used when you are doing the activity. 2. Then, you will explain the functions of the organ used and how it can get injureA. Sense of Sight: Eyes vas have many ports. Each part hse specific work to vt qo they help you? tan Your evs do, What are the parts of your ev ‘ activity 3.4 inctions of the Human Eye Parts and Fu Problem: what 2re the parts of the eves that enable you to see? need: magnifying E1855 2 picture of the human eve and ix * tay ‘What You small flat mirror What To Do: 1. Get the magnifving glass 2. Look into the magnifying 3, Observe the parts of your eyes: uy Found Out? and place it before the Mirror glass with one eve: locate the follow ” What Have Yo! 4. Using the model OF drawing of the human eye, a. eyelids d. pupil b. cornea e. eyelashes c. iris £ sclera 2, Identify which part of the eye is described: a. protects the eyes from dust and perspiration —- b. the black hole at the center of the eye c. the white part of the eye d. the flap of skin above the eye Conclusion: What are the parts of your eyes? TT eeeycture of the Eye ir ou feel your closed eyes wi wherun otice that your eyes fee} i hoe ' finee"® Wry they are called eyeballs. Each eyeq hat ih 3 protective cavity in your sku} a is set!" Called socket or orbit. Most of > , oe of fl cavity Shidden inside your head. it eas eyePay muscles. These muscles let yo e Ur eyes place “lightly uP, down, and sideways, Even ‘ tat » Eyelids eee ron ct the front of the eyeball. Figure 3.4, An eye look at your eyes in the mi As you Mirror, you will noti of cach eyelid. You will notice the eyelashes at the border id the eyelash ne eyebrows an *yelashes prote, Fi a he ct the eyes from sweat, dust, and other foreign i hes th nything that touct @ eyelashes ¢; / oe o x a vear glands keep the eyes moist for the ot'® ids to blink in a protective refle a the eyelids to clo: i se and open easily. walls of the human eye are com 7 Pan inner layer. Posed of three basic layers: the outer layer, middle ctudy the figure below. Vitroous humor Aqueous Humor Figure 3.5. The structure of the eye, Outer Layer The tough outermost layer is the sclera. The sclera is the outer white layer of the: The three pairs of muscles that move the eye are attached to the sclera. Light enters eye through the cornea, the transparent part of the coat of the eyeball._ middle Laver vet the middle layer of the eye is eal the choroid layer. This layer contains oes numerous tiny blood vessels that nourish the eyes. The frontal part of be irs this layer is the iris. The irls contains a pigment called melanin that gives color to the eye. The small opening sight ht in the middle of the iris is called the sos - ; pupil. The pupil allows the light ra¥s f° igure 3.6-Pupt of he e¥eS nih ioe enter the eye. | In bright light, the open! enters the eye. In dim light, Light that enters the pupil str you look at near objects, t je sha objects, the lens becomes 4 inner. aes is hat is divided int The eyeball is a hollow sphere tl v the eerend the lens is filled with a transparent watery ae lou The large cavity behind the lens is filled with a colorless, Jellvlike liquid ¢ humor. mes smaller sO that lesse, ‘wider so that more light p st led the lens. The lens gathe, thicker. When you, hind the iris. : ing of the pupil beco! the pupil is opened ikes the part cal ve of the lens becomes The lens is located bel 1o two cavities. The cz Inner Layer The inner layerisascreen oflight-sensitive cells called retina. Ciliary mi to the choroid layer hold the lens in place. These muscles also change the allowing the eye to focus on objects whether close or far away. At the rear retina is attached to the optic nerve which carries impulses from the ligh to the brain. The innermost layer o Rods are sensitive to weal bright light to function. the light-sensitive cells: the the retina contains lor, Cones are sensitive to ci light but not to col How do you see? Your eyes need light in order to see. You cannot see objects around if When you look at something, the light rays reflected from the object er light is refracted by the cornea and passes through the aqueous humor lens. As the light travels to your eyes, the lens focuses the image of tlgna. The image of the object in the ‘Si retintmace Is formed, the optic ner 32s invert the brain. Itis the brain that interes S24 i LAs ; i SPF ets ang -° Message javerted image into an upright Positio, ind Corrects tre n, common Eye Ailments st common ailment. ‘ong the mo’ 5 ofthe am tis or Sore Eyes Ves ares conjunctivits ¢ : it is an inflammation of the con mbrane that lines the white of th WUNctiva, mo eyelids. Conjunctivitis is also ¢ " pacteria, virus, allergies, or NVironme Ss, tiscaused eh as dust and smoke. A person yr Remi olutants 5\";, swollen, and teary eyes, lunctvitis hag red, Figure 3.7. Imaging picture * @ thin a ‘ee alled sore qt inside of or your protection, stay away fro Soe Avoid using their personal meas ‘ handkerchiefs. Conjunctivitis can be spread easily ean contact. Y direct In case you have sore eyes, avoid ri with your hands. Use sunglasses to too much light. Figure 3.8. Sore eyes ‘ubbing your eyes Protect Your eves from a sty a This is an infection or inflammation of the Blands that are connected to the eyelashes along the margin of the eyelid. Astyissimiartog pimple ands usually caused by bacteria in rise ee becomes reddish, You may apply hot compress over the infected eye to ease the pain. Figure 3.9. Sty Common Eye Defects some common defects of the eyes are: Strabismus or Squint This is an eye defect in which the two eyes cannot focus on the same object because of lack of coordination of the eye muscles. One or both eyes may turn toward the nose (cross-eyed) or outward (wall-eyed). in most cases, strabismus can be corrected if treated early in childhood, Treatment may involve the use of eyeglasses, eye exercise, and surgery. Figure 3.10. Cross-eyed and wall-eyedAstigmatism This is an eye condition in which the horizontal and vertical imag, es the same point, making the vision blurred or distorted. The lens Or corn, 9 surface that is not evenly curved. ‘Astigmatism can be corrected by they on Se of eyeglasses. Pr Color Blindness This eye defect inability to distinguis cure yet for color blindness. It is hereditary and usyay g males. ‘and green. At present, they! i Te lors red is common amon! h between the col Myopia or Nearsightedness ndition wherein the image of the object is focused jn ighted person has good Rear vga all is too long. A nears if eyeglasses that are thinner ing | This is an eye co! retina because the eye distant vision. Correction in than at the outer edge. volves the use 0! Hyperopia or Farsightedness in whicl bject is focused behind the ,, normal. A farsighted person me volves the use of eyeglasses tk h the image of the o he eyeball is shorter than near vision. Correction in r edge. This is a condition in defect occurs because t distant vision but poor thicker in the mi ddle than at the oute d Figure 3.12. Image seen by a farsightedfor the Eyes er care proP pest koeP ‘our ey" bits can help pr rable hal iM Ip p VEN OF conteng on welt a2 es healthy. OF these aitenents and dnardert # proper nutrition 3. 1 gat food that are rich in vitarn, les, carrots, s 3 fy vegetables, carrots, squach, ang a en le with deficiency in vitamin ae fruits eases. Suet trom MA such 3s o. tea! peopl eye dis preventing eye damage 2 Wear sat bau safety glass ‘ e goggles whe, WY Blasses or tious ow working and using Figure 3.1 Power tools such as electric nn food grinding wheels ic saws, Protect the eyes fro, le : m that get into the eyes. Never look dire, k directly at th. figure3.4.Amon OF at avery bright ight, neu wearing safety goggles 3. Abay eating ul Doth Keep fingers and poi | Pointed objects away from your eyes Good health habits Read and work under a light bright enough for you to see clearly. Avoid reading when iyng door ina moving vehicle. When doing long reading, rest your eyes from Figure 3.15. Reading with time to time. proper lighting Do not get too close to the screen while watching television. Do not rub your eyes to avoid irritating them. 4, Regular check-up of the eyes by a doctor If there is something wrong with your eyes, consult an ophthalmologist. An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor who treats eye diseases. An optometrist examines the eyes for eye defects and corrects them by means of eyeglasses. An optician makes eyeglasses ordered by the ophthalmologist or optometrist. Figure 3.16. Regular eye checkur5. First-aid treatment for the eyes Any foreign material which enters the eyes is dangerous. Keep the victim’s head face down. Wash the eye gently with running water. Splashing water from a basin can also wash the foreign material away. When you have thoroughly cleansed the injured eye of the foreign material, dry it using a clean towel. If the particle does not come out of the eye, bring the patient to the hospital as soon as possible. Figure 3.17. A sop a child wash Way fo from the &% & Ss LZ Any foreign material that does not come out or sticks to the cornea should be removed by a health expert. If chemicals enter the eye, they should be washed out immediately yy amount of water. A physician should be consulted at once. Let us take extra care for our eyes. Practice desirable habits to keep Outs, sight healthy and fit.