Vectors

∎ Triangles and Parallelogram Rules

In question 1 to 5, write each vector in terms of 𝐚 and/or 𝐛:

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
1. (a) 𝐵𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
2. (a) 𝑍𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
3. (a) 𝑀𝐾

(b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(b) 𝑌𝑊 (b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑁𝐿,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(c) 𝐷𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(c) 𝑋𝑌 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(c) 𝑁𝐾

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
(d) 𝐴𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
(d) 𝑋𝑍 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
(d) 𝐾𝑁

4. (a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐸, 5. (a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐶 ,

(b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 , (b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐸,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(c) 𝐹𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(d) 𝐴𝐸

(d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐴. (d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐴.

In question 6 to 7, write each vector in terms of 𝐚, 𝐛 and 𝐜:

6. (a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐶 , 7. (a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐹 , 8. (a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐺𝐷, 𝐵 𝐜 𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝐚 𝐛
(b) 𝐺𝐵 (b) 𝑂𝐶 (b) 𝐺𝐸
𝐴 𝐷
(c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵, (c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 , (c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷 𝐛
𝐹 𝐺
(d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻𝐸 , (d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐵, (d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐹 , 𝐜 2𝐚

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
(e) 𝐶𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
(e) 𝐹𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
(e) 𝐹𝐸 𝐸

Answers: [1] (a) −𝐚, (b) 𝐚 + 𝐛, (c) 2𝐚 − 𝐛, (d) −𝐚 + 𝐛, [2] (a) 𝐚 + 𝐛, (b) 𝐚 − 2𝐛, (c) −𝐚 + 𝐛,

(d) −𝐚 − 𝐛, [3] (a) −𝐚 − 𝐛, (b) 3𝐚 − 𝐛, (c) 2𝐚 − 𝐛, (d) −2𝐚 + 𝐛, [4] (a) 𝐚 − 2𝐛, (b) 𝐚 − 𝐛, (c) 2𝐚,

(d) −2𝐚 + 3𝐛, [5] (a) −2𝐚 + 2𝐛, (b) 2𝐚 − 𝐛, (c) 3𝐚 − 𝐛, (d) −3𝐚 + 𝐛, [6] (a) 2𝐚 − 𝐜, (b) 2𝐚 − 𝐜,

(c) 3𝐚, (d) 𝐚 + 𝐛 + 𝐜, (e) −3𝐚 − 𝐛, [7] (a) 𝐛 − 𝐜, (b) 2𝐛 + 2𝐜, (c) 𝐚 + 2𝐛 + 2𝐜, (d) −𝐚 − 𝐛,

(e) −𝐚 − 𝐛 + 𝐜, [6] (a) 𝐚 + 𝐜, (b) −𝐚 + 𝐜, (c) 𝐚 + 𝐛 + 𝐜, (d) 𝐛 − 𝐜, (e) −𝐚 + 2𝐜.

𝐵
∎ Ratio Rule .𝑃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝐚. Find 𝐴𝐵
1. 𝐴𝑃: 𝑃𝐵 = 5: 1. Given 𝐴𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐚.

𝐴 𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐚, 𝑂𝐵
2. 𝐴𝑃: 𝑃𝐵 = 4: 3. Given that 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐛.

Find in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛: 𝐚

𝑃
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵, (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑃 , (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 .
.
𝑂 𝐵
𝐛
FAISAL MIZAN 1
 Vectors
𝑃
3. 𝑃𝑅: 𝑅𝑄 = 3: 2. Given ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = 2𝐚, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑄 = 3𝐛.

Find in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛:

(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄, (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑄𝑅 , (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑅 .
2𝐚 .𝑅
(iv) 𝑂𝑅 is extended to 𝑇 so that 𝑂𝑅: 𝑅𝑇 = 3: 5. 𝑂 𝑄
3𝐛
Find ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅𝑇 in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛.

4. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝐚, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = 𝐛, 𝐴𝑃: 𝑃𝐵 = 3: 2. 𝐴

Find in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛: 𝐚 𝑃

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(i) 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(ii) 𝐴𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(iii) 𝑂𝑃
𝑄 .
𝐵
𝑂
(iv) 𝑄 divides 𝑂𝑃 such that 𝑂𝑄: 𝑄𝑃 = 2: 1. Find ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑄. 𝐛

5. Express the following vectors in terms of 𝐚 and/or 𝐛. 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝑁 are mid-points of 𝑂𝑃, 𝑂𝑄 and

𝑃𝑄 respectively.

(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑃 , (b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵, (c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑄, (d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑂, (e) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(f) 𝑃𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(g) 𝑂𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(h) 𝐴𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(i) 𝐵𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
(j) 𝑄𝐴

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐬 and 𝑍𝑋
6. In ∆𝑋𝑌𝑍, the mid point of 𝑌𝑍 is 𝑀. If 𝑋𝑌 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐭, find 𝑋𝑀
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐬 and 𝐭.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐚 and 𝑂𝐵
7. In ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵, 𝐴𝑀: 𝑀𝐵 = 2: 1. If 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐛, find 𝑂𝑀
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛.

Answers:
18 4 4 3 4 4 6 4 9
[1] 5
𝐚, [2] (i) −𝐚 + 𝐛, (ii) − 7 𝐚 + 7 𝐛, (iii) 7 𝐚 + 7 𝐛, [3] (i) −2𝐚 + 3𝐛, (ii) 5 𝐚 − 5 𝐛, (iii) 5 𝐚 + 5 𝐛,

4 3 3 2 3 4 2
(iv) 𝐚 + 3𝐛, [4] (i) −𝐚 + 𝐛, (ii) − 𝐚 + 𝐛, (iii) 𝐚 + 𝐛, (iv) 𝐚 + 𝐛, [5] (a) 𝐚, (b) −𝐚 + 𝐛, (c) 2𝐛,
3 5 5 5 5 15 5

1 1
(d) −2𝐚, (e) −2𝐚 + 2𝐛, (f) −𝐚 + 𝐛, (g) 𝐚 + 𝐛, (h) 𝐛, (i) −𝐛 + 2𝐚, (j) −2𝐛 + 𝐚, [6] 2 𝐬 − 2 𝐭,

1 2
[7] 3 𝐚 + 3 𝐛.

FAISAL MIZAN 2
 Vectors
𝑃 𝑄
∎ Regular Hexagon
𝐚
1. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = 𝐚, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑇 = 𝐛. Find in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛:
𝑂 𝑅
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑀, (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑅 , (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑆, 𝑀
𝐛
(iv) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄, (v) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅𝑃 .
𝑇 𝑆
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
2. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 is a regular hexagon with 𝐴𝐵 representing the vector 𝐦.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐹 representing the vector 𝐧. Find the vector representing ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷.
𝐵 𝐶
𝐦
𝐴 𝐷
𝐧
𝐹 𝐸

3. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 is a regular hexagon with centre 𝑂.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐴 = 𝐚 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐵 = 𝐛.

Express the following vectors in terms of 𝐚 and/or 𝐛:

(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵, (b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝑂, (c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐶 ,

(d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(e) 𝐴𝑂 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
(f) 𝐹𝐷

4. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 is a regular hexagon with centre 𝑂. 𝐴 𝐵

(a) (i) find 𝐴𝑂̂𝐵.

𝐹 .𝑂 𝐶 𝐺
(ii) Explain why 𝐴𝑂 = 𝐵𝐶. 𝐴 . 𝐵

(iii) Write down the specific name of 𝐸𝑂𝐶𝐷. .𝐻

𝐸 𝐷 𝐛
𝐚
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐚 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(b) 𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵 = 𝐛. 𝐺 is the point on 𝐴𝐵 such that 𝐴𝐺: 𝐺𝐵 = 1: 3. 𝐹 𝐶
𝑂
𝐻 is the midpoint of 𝐵𝐶. Express, as simple as possible, in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛:

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝐷

(i) 𝐴𝐵 (ii) 𝐹𝐵 (iii) 𝑂𝐺 (iv) 𝑂𝐻 (v) 𝐺𝐻 𝐸

Answers: [1] (i) 𝐚 + 𝐛, (ii) 2𝐚 + 2𝐛, (iii) 𝐚 + 2𝐛, (iv) 𝐚 + 𝐛, (v) −𝐚 − 2𝐛, [2] 2𝐦 + 2𝐧, [3] (a) −𝐚 + 𝐛,

(b) −𝐚 + 𝐛, (c) −2𝐚 + 2𝐛, (d) −2𝐚 + 𝐛, (e) −2𝐚 + 𝐛, (f) −3𝐚 + 𝐛, [4] (a) (i) 60°, (ii) 𝐴𝑂𝐵 and 𝑂𝐵𝐶
3 1 1 3 5
equal ∆, (iii) Rhombus, (b) (i) 𝐛 − 𝐚, (ii) 2𝐛 − 𝐚, (iii) 4 𝐚 + 4 𝐛, (iv) 𝐛 − 2 𝐚, (v) 4 𝐛 − 4 𝐚.

∎ Equal Vector

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐚 and 𝑂𝐵
1. In the diagram, 𝑂𝐴𝐵 is a triangle with 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐛. 𝑀 is a point on 𝑂𝐴 such that

FAISAL MIZAN 3
 Vectors
𝐵
2
𝑂𝑀 = 3 𝑂𝐴 and 𝑁 is the midpoint of 𝑂𝐵.

𝑋 is the point of intersection of 𝐴𝑁 and 𝐵𝑀.

𝑁
Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑋 = 𝜆𝐴𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
𝐵𝑋 = 𝜇𝐵𝑀 𝑋

(a)Find ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑋, hence find ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑋 in terms of 𝜆, 𝐚 and 𝐛, 𝐴
𝑀
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , hence find 𝑂𝑋
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝜇, 𝐚 and 𝐛. 𝑂
(b) Find 𝐵𝑋

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐚 and 𝑂𝐵
2. In the diagram, 𝑂𝐴𝐵 is a triangle with 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐛. 𝑀 is a midpoint on 𝑂𝐴, 𝑁 is a point of

1
𝐴𝐵 such that 𝐴𝑁 = 3 𝐴𝐵 and 𝑃 is the point of intersection of 𝑂𝑁 and 𝐵𝑀.

Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝑃 = 𝜆𝑂𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , express:
𝐵𝑃 = 𝜇𝐵𝑀 𝐵

𝑁
(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 in terms of 𝜆, 𝐚 and 𝐛, 𝑃
𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝜇, 𝐚 and 𝐛.
(b) 𝑂𝑃 𝑀
𝑂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐚 and 𝑂𝐵
3. In the diagram, 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐛, 𝑂𝑃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝐚 + 3𝐛 and 𝑀 is the point of intersection of the lines
𝑃
𝑂𝑃 and 𝐴𝐵. Given that 𝑂𝑀 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝜆𝑂𝑃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝐴𝑀
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝜇𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , express:

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝜆, 𝐚 and 𝐛,

(a) 𝑂𝑀 𝐵
𝑀
(b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑀 in terms of 𝜇, 𝐚 and 𝐛. 𝐛

𝐴
Hence find the values of 𝜆 and 𝜇 and express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑀 in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛. 𝐚
𝑂
4. In the figure, , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝐚, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = 𝐛 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 = 𝐚 + 2𝐛.
𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑘𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵 meets 𝑂𝐶 at 𝑅 so that 𝐴𝑅 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑂𝑅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑛𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . Express:
𝐚
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝑘, 𝐚 and 𝐛,
(a) 𝑂𝑅
𝑂 𝑅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝑛, 𝐚 and 𝐛,
(b) 𝑂𝑅 𝐛
𝐶
Hence find the value of 𝑛 and of 𝑘. 𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝐚, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

5. In the diagram, 𝑂𝐴𝐶𝐵 is a trapezium where 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝐛.
𝐵𝐶 = 5𝐚 and 𝑂𝐵 𝐶
𝐸
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
(a) Write down in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛 the vector 𝐴𝐵
𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝜆𝐴𝐵
(b) Given that 𝐴𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , in terms of 𝐚, 𝐛 and 𝜆, the vector 𝑂𝑋
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 5𝐚
3𝐚
The point 𝐷 lies on 𝑂𝐵 such that 𝑂𝐷: 𝐷𝐵 = 2: 1.
𝑋
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝜇𝐚,
Given also that 𝐷𝑋 is parallel to 𝑂𝐴 and 𝐵𝐶 so that 𝐷𝑋
𝑂 𝐷 𝐵

FAISAL MIZAN 4
 Vectors

(c) Write down, in terms of 𝜇, 𝐚 and 𝐛, the vector of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝑋.

(d) Using your answer to parts (b) and (c), determine the value of 𝜆 and the value of 𝜇.

Answers:
1 2 2 1 𝜇
[1] (a) (1 − 𝜆)𝐚 + 2 𝜆𝐛, (b) 3 𝜇𝐚 + (1 + 𝜇)𝐛, [2] (a) 3 𝜆𝐚 + 3 𝜆𝐛, (b) 2 𝐚 + (1 − μ)𝐛,
1 2
[3] 𝜆(2𝐚 + 3𝐛), (b) (1 − 𝜇)𝐚 + μ𝐛, [4] (a) (1 − 𝑘)𝐚 + k𝐛, (b) 𝑛𝐚 + 2𝑛𝐛, 𝑛 = , 𝑘 = ,
3 3

2
[5] (a) −3𝐚 + 3𝐛, (b) (3 − 3𝜆)𝐚 + 3λ𝐛, (c) 𝜇𝐚 + 2𝐛, (d) 𝜆 = 3, 𝜇 = 1.

∎ Given Parallel and Collinear 𝑁

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐚, 𝑂𝑀
1. In the figure, , 𝑂𝐿 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐛, 𝐿𝑁 1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = k𝐛 and 𝐿𝑃 = 𝐿𝑀. 𝑀
4 𝑘𝐛
Express in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛: 𝐛 𝑃

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(a) 𝐿𝑀 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(b) 𝐿𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(c) 𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(d) 𝑀𝑁 𝑂 𝐚 𝐿

(e) Given that 𝑂𝑃 is parallel to 𝑀𝑁, find the value of 𝑘.

2. In the figure, , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐴𝐵 = 𝐩, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐴 = 𝐪, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
𝐷𝐶 = 3𝐴𝐵 𝐶 𝐵

(a) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐷𝐴 in terms of 𝐩 and 𝐪. 𝐩
.𝐸
𝐪
𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑘𝐪:
(b) 𝐸 is the point such that 𝐵𝐸

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐩, 𝐪 and 𝑘,

(i) Express 𝐴𝐸

(ii) Given that 𝐷, 𝐴 and 𝐸 lie on a straight line, find the value of 𝑘. 𝐷

3. In the diagram 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram. 𝑃 is the midpoint of 𝐵𝐶, 𝐷𝑄: 𝑄𝑃 = 1: 2,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐩 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷 = 𝐪.
𝐵 . 𝑃 . 𝐶
𝑅
(a) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝑃 in terms of 𝐩 and 𝐪.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐩 and 𝐪. 𝐩

(b) Express 𝐷𝑄 𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐩 and 𝐪,
(c) Express 𝐴𝑄

giving your answer in its simplest form. 𝐴 𝐪 𝐷

(d) 𝑅 is the point on 𝐵𝐶 produced such that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐵𝑅 = k𝐵𝑃

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐩 and 𝐪 and 𝑘.

(i) Express 𝐴𝑅

(ii) Given that 𝐴, 𝑄 and 𝑅 lie on a straight line, find the value of 𝑘.

FAISAL MIZAN 5
 Vectors

1
4. In the diagram, 𝐹 is the point on 𝐴𝐵 where 𝐴𝐹 = 𝐴𝐵, 𝐸 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐶,
4
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐹 = 𝐩 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐸 = 𝐪. 𝐴
𝐩
(a) Express in terms of 𝐩 and 𝐪: 𝐪
𝐹 .
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐸, (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 , .𝐸
(b) 𝐷 is the point of 𝐵𝐶 produced such that 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑘𝐵𝐶.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐩, 𝐪 and 𝑘.

(i) Express 𝐹𝐷 𝐵
𝐶 𝐷
(ii) Given that 𝐹, 𝐸 and 𝐷 are collinear, find the value of 𝑘.
𝟏
5. In the diagram, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = 𝐩, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑄 = 𝐪, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑌 = 𝑘𝐪 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑋 = 𝟑 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄.
𝑌
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐩 and 𝐪.
(a) Express 𝑃𝑋 𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐩 and 𝐪.
(b) Express 𝑂𝑋 𝑘𝐪
𝐪
𝑋
(c) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑄𝑌 in terms of 𝑘, 𝐩 and 𝐪,
𝑂 𝐩 𝑃
(d) Given that 𝑂𝑋 is parallel to 𝑄𝑌, find the value of 𝑘.

(e) The line 𝑂𝑋, when produced, meets 𝑃𝑌 at 𝑍. Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑃𝑍 in terms of 𝐪.

6. Figure shows the triangle 𝑂𝐴𝐶 with the point 𝐵 on 𝐴𝐶 such that 𝐴𝐵: 𝐴𝐶 = 1: 3.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 6𝐚 and that 𝑂𝐵

The point 𝑃 is on the line 𝑂𝐴 such that 𝑂𝑃: 𝑂𝐴 = 1: 2. Given that 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝐛.

(a) find, in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛 or 𝐚 or 𝐛, simplifying your answer where possible.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(i) 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(ii) 𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(iii) 𝑂𝐶 𝐴

𝐵
The point 𝑄 lies on 𝑂𝐶 such that 𝑂𝑄: 𝑂𝐶 = 1: 𝑚. 6𝐚
2𝐛
(b) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 in terms of 𝑚, 𝐚 and 𝐛. Simplify your expression.
𝑂 𝐶
(c) Given also that 𝑃𝑄 is parallel to 𝐴𝐶, find the value of 𝑚.

Answers:
1 1 3 1 4 1
[1] (a) −𝐚 + 𝐛, (b) − 4 𝐚 + 4 𝐛, (c) 4 𝐚 + 4 𝐛, (d) 𝐚 + (𝑘 − 1)𝐛, (e) 3, [2] (a) 3𝐩 + 𝐪, (b) 𝐩 + 𝑘𝐪, (c) 3,

1 1 1 1 5 1
[3] (a) 𝐩 − 2 𝐪, (b) 3 𝐩 − 6 𝐪, (c) 3 𝐩 + 6 𝐪, (d) (i) 𝐩 + 2 𝑘𝐪, (ii) 5, [4] (a) (i) −𝐩 + 𝐪, (ii) −4𝐩 + 2𝐪,

3 1 1 2 1 3 1
(b) (i) (3 − 4𝑘)𝐩 + 2k𝐪, (ii) 2, [5] (a) − 3 𝐩 + 3 𝐪, (b) 3 𝐩 + 3 𝐪, (c) 𝐩 + (𝑘 − 1)𝐪, (d) 2, (e) 2 𝐪,

12 6
[6] (a) (i) −6𝐚 + 2𝐛, (ii) 3𝐚, (iii) −12𝐚 + 6𝐛, (b) (−3 − 𝑚 ) 𝐚 + m 𝐛, (c) 2.

FAISAL MIZAN 6
 Vectors

∎ Show Parallel and Collinear

1. Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐴𝐵 = 4𝐚 + 3𝐛, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 = 8𝐚 + 6𝐛. Show ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 is parallel to ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝐚 + 3𝐛, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

2. Given that 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 = 6𝐚 + 9𝐛,

(a) Show ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐴𝐵 is parallel to ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 .

(b) Hence show 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 straight line.

3. In figure, 𝑂𝐵 is produced to 𝐷 so that 𝐵𝐷 = 2𝑂𝐵 and 𝑂𝐴 is produced to 𝐶 so that 𝐴𝐶 = 2𝑂𝐴.

Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝐴 = 𝐚 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = 𝐛.
𝐶
(a) express in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐛,
𝐚
.
𝐴
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 , (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 , (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵, (iv) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷,
𝑂 𝐛
. 𝐷
𝐵
(b) Show ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 is parallel to ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷.

4. In the figure, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝐴 = 𝐚, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = 𝐛 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 = 𝐜. The midpoints of 𝑂𝐴 and 𝑂𝐶 are 𝑃 and 𝑆 respectively.

𝑄 lies on 𝐴𝐵 where 𝐴𝑄: 𝑄𝐵 = 1: 3 and 𝑅 lies on 𝐶𝐵 where 𝐶𝑅: 𝑅𝐵 = 1: 3.

𝐵
(a) express the following vectors in terms of 𝐚, 𝐛 and 𝐜, as necessary:
𝑅
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 , (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵, (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑄, (iv) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑅 , 𝐶 .
(b) Find ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑆 in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐜.
𝑆 .𝑄
(c) Find ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑄𝑅 in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐜, simplify your answer.
𝑂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is parallel to 𝑃𝑆
⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝑃 𝐴
(d) Show 𝑄𝑅

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐚, 𝑂𝐶
5. In the figure, 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a trapezium with 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐜, 𝐶𝐵 parallel to and four times as long

as 𝑂𝐴. The point 𝐷 on 𝐴𝐵 is such that 𝐴𝐷: 𝐴𝐵 = 3: 4 and the point 𝐸 on 𝐵𝐶 is such that

𝐶𝐸: 𝐶𝐵 = 3: 4. (a) express the following vectors in terms of 𝐚, or 𝐜 or 𝐚 and 𝐜:

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(i) 𝐴𝐶 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐵 , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(iii) 𝐸𝐵 𝐶 .𝐸 𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(iv) 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
(v) 𝐷𝐵 𝐜 .𝐷
(b) Find ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐸 in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐜, simplify your answer.
𝑂
(c) Show ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐸 is parallel to ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 . 𝐚 𝐴

6. In the figure, 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a trapezium with ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝐴 = 𝐚, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 = 𝐜, and 𝐶𝐵 parallel to and twice the length

of 𝑂𝐴. The points 𝐷 and 𝐸 are midpoints of 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐵 respectively.

(a) Find, in terms of 𝐚, or 𝐜 or 𝐚 and 𝐜, simplify your answer as far as possible :

FAISAL MIZAN 7
 Vectors

(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐴 , (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐵 , (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵, (iv) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐵, (v) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐸.
𝐸
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝐚 and 𝐜.
𝐶 . 𝐵
(b) express 𝐸𝐷
.𝐷
(c) Show ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐴 is parallel to ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐷.
𝑂
𝐴
7. In the figure, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 5𝐚, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = 2𝐛 and 𝑃 is the point on 𝑂𝐴 such that 𝑂𝑃: 𝑂𝐴 = 3: 5.

(a) Find, in terms of 𝐚, or 𝐛 or 𝐚 and 𝐛, 𝐴

(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 , (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝐵,
𝑃
.
5
𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2𝐛 − 3𝐚).
(b) Given 𝑂𝑆 2
𝑂 𝑆
Show that the points 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝑆 lie on a straight line.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐚, 𝑂𝐵
8. In figure, 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐛 and 𝐷 is a point on 𝑂𝐵.
𝐴

.𝐸
.𝐹
𝑂 𝐵
𝐷
2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (𝐚 + 𝐛).
The point 𝐸 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐹 is the point on 𝐴𝐷 which is such that 𝑂𝐹 5

Prove that 𝑂, 𝐹 and 𝐸 are collinear.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑄𝑆
9. In the diagram, 𝑂𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ; 𝑄𝑅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑃𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑅
𝑆
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆𝑇 = 2𝑅𝑆 𝑂𝑃 = 𝐩 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 = 𝐪,
𝑄 𝑇
(a) Express as simply as possible, in terms of 𝐩 and / or 𝐪: 𝐪

(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑄 , (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅𝑆, (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑆, (iv) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑇, 𝑃
𝑂 𝐩
(b) Show 𝑂𝑃𝑇 straight line.

Answers:
1 3 1
[3] (a) (i) 3𝐚, (ii) 3𝐚 − 𝐛, (iii) −𝐚 + 𝐛, (iv) −3𝐚 + 3𝐛, [4] (a) (i) 𝐚, (ii) −𝐚 + 𝐛, (iii) 𝐚 + 𝐛,
2 4 4

1 3 1 1 3 3 3 3
(iv) 𝐚 + 𝐜, (b) − 𝐚 + 𝐜, (c) − 𝐚 + 𝐜, [5] (a) (i)−𝐚 + 𝐜, (ii) 4𝐚, (iii) 𝐚, (iv) 3𝐚 + 𝐜, (v) 𝐚 + 𝐜,
4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4

1 1 1 1 1 1
(b) − 4 𝐚 + 4 𝐜, [6] (a) (i) 𝐚 − 𝐜, (ii) 2𝐚, (iii) 𝐚 + 𝐜, (iv) 2 𝐚 + 2 𝐜, (v) 𝐜, (b) 2 𝐚 − 2 𝐜, [7] (a) (i) 3𝐚,

(ii) −3𝐚 + 2𝐛, [9] (a) (i) 𝐩 + 𝐪, (ii) 𝐩 − 𝐪, (iii) 2𝐩 + 𝟐𝐪, (iv) 4𝐩.

FAISAL MIZAN 8