CHE 2203 G4 March 19, 2021

Group No. 1 Friday, 4:30-7:30 pm

BELOCURA, Krista Leigh
LOTA, Claire Jane
TAMANG, James Carlo

FLOWMETERS AND WEIRS

GIVEN: ASSUMPTION(S):
𝑇 = 20°𝐶 • Steady-state flow

𝑘𝑔
𝜌 = 900 𝑚3

𝐷1 = 4.062 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 0.1022604 𝑚

𝑚3
𝜙𝑉 = 0.0174 𝑠

∆𝑃 = 0.93 × 105 𝑃𝑎

REQUIRED:

a. Size of orifice if flow is assumed to be frictionless (D2)

b. Size of orifice if friction loss is not neglected and Cd = 0.61 is used (D2 and ∆𝑃)

SOLUTION:

A.
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 1 2
+ (𝑣2 − 𝑣12 ) + 𝑔∆𝑧 = 0
𝜌 2

• Since horizontal plane, difference between z2 and z1 = 0

∆𝑃 1 2
= (𝑣2 − 𝑣12 )
𝜌 2

• Using continuity equation:

𝜙𝑉 = 𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2
 2∆𝑃 𝜙𝑉2 𝐴22
= 2 (1 − 2 )
𝜌 𝐴2 𝐴1
Deriving d2:

4 𝜌𝜙𝑉2 ∙ 𝐴22
√
2∆𝑃(𝐴12 + 𝜌𝜙𝑉2 )
𝑑2 =
𝜋
√
4

𝐷2 = 0.039055 𝑚 = 1.5376 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠

B.

2∆𝑃 𝜙𝑉2 𝐴22

= 2 (1 − 2 ) 𝐶𝑑
𝜌 𝐴2 𝐴1

𝐷2 = 0.049556 𝑚 = 1.95102 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠

• Solving for the permanent pressure loss:

𝐷2 2
𝑃1 − 𝑃3 = [1 − ( ) ] (𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )
𝐷1
0.049556 𝑚 2
𝑃1 − 𝑃3 = [1 − ( ) ] (0.93 × 105 𝑃𝑎)
0.1022604 𝑚
𝑃1 − 𝑃3 = 7.12 × 104 𝑃𝑎

ANSWER: If the flow inside the orifice is assumed frictionless, the size of the orifice hole is
𝟏. 𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟔 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔. However, if friction loss is not neglected and the orifice discharge coefficient
of 0.61 is used, the size of the orifice hole is 𝟏. 𝟗𝟓𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔 and the permanent pressure loss
is 𝟕. 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝑷𝒂.

2.
ASSUMPTION(S):
GIVEN:
• Frictionless flow
𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑚3
𝜙𝑉 = 1600 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.1009443167 • Steady flow
𝑠

𝐷1 = 8 𝑖𝑛 = 0.2032 𝑚
REQUIRED: reading of the manometer connected to the Pitot tube

SOLUTION:

• Applying Bernoulli’s Equation:

𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝑣22 − 𝑣12
)
+ 𝑔(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 + = −𝐹
𝜌 2

• Assuming frictionless flow:

𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝑣22 − 𝑣12
)
+ 𝑔(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 + =0
𝜌 2

• Assuming steady flow:

𝜙𝑉 1 = 𝜙𝑉 2
where 𝜙𝑉𝑖 = 𝐴𝑖 𝑣𝑖
Thus,
𝐴1
𝑣1 =
𝜙𝑉

𝑚3
0.1009443167 𝑠 𝑚
𝑣1 = = 3.1128
0.2032 𝑚 𝑠

Remember 𝑣1 = 0.82𝑣𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑚
𝑣1 3.1128 𝑠 𝑚
𝑣𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = = = 3.7961
0.82 0.82 𝑠

• Based on the Toricelli equation: 𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ

𝑚 2
2
𝑣𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 (3.7961 𝑠 )
ℎ= = 𝑚 = 0.7345 𝑚 = 28.92 𝑖𝑛
2𝑔 2 (9.81 2 )
𝑠
 • ∆𝑃 reading at the manometer would be:

𝑃2 − 𝑃1 1 2
= − (𝑣𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 − 𝑣1 )
𝜌 2
where v1 is considered negligible (A1 >> Acenter)
1 2
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = 𝜌 𝑣𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
2
𝑚
Remember: 𝑣2 = 𝑣𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 3.7961 𝑠

1 𝑚 2 𝑘𝑔
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = (3.7961 ) (997 3 )
2 𝑠 𝑚
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = 7.18 × 103 𝑃𝑎

ANSWER: The height of the fluid inside the manometer is 𝟐𝟖. 𝟗𝟐 𝒊𝒏 and the pressure difference
is 𝟕. 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑷𝒂.

3. GIVEN: REQUIRED: an equation that can

be used to estimate the flowrate
(𝜙𝑉 ) through the triangular notch

SOLUTION:
ℎ
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 = 2𝐴𝐵
𝑑ℎ 𝐴𝐵
𝐴 𝐵 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = (𝐻−ℎ)

𝜃 (𝐻 − ℎ)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝐴𝐵
ℎ0 = 𝐻

𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 = 2(𝐻 − ℎ)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 = 𝑊 ∗ 𝑑ℎ = 2(𝐻 − ℎ)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑ℎ
𝜙𝑉 = 𝐴 ∗ 𝑣
 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 = 𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ

𝜙𝑉 = 2(𝐻 − ℎ)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑑ℎ ∙ √2𝑔ℎ

ℎ0 1
𝜙𝑉 = 2√2𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ∫ (𝐻 − ℎ)ℎ2 𝑑ℎ
0
ℎ0 1 3
𝜙𝑉 = 2√2𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ∫ (𝐻ℎ2 − ℎ2 )𝑑ℎ
0
3 5
𝐻ℎ2 ℎ2 ℎ
𝜙𝑉 = 2√2𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 [( − )] |00
3 5
2 2
3 5
𝐻ℎ2 ℎ2
𝜙𝑉 = 2√2𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 [( − )]
3 5
2 2
3 3 5 5
2𝐻(ℎ0 )2 2𝐻(0)2 2(ℎ0 )2 2(0)2
𝜙𝑉 = 2√2𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ( − − − )
3 3 5 5

3 5
2𝐻(ℎ0 )2 2(ℎ0 )2
𝜙𝑉 = 2√2𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ( − −)
3 5

Recall: 𝐻 = ℎ0
5 5
2(ℎ0 )2 2(ℎ0 )2
𝜙𝑉 = 2√2𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ( − )
3 5

5 5
10(ℎ0 )2 − 6(ℎ0 )2
𝜙𝑉 = 2√2𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ( )
15

5
4(ℎ0 )2
𝜙𝑉 = 2√2𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ( )
15

8
𝜙𝑉 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃√2𝑔ℎ05
15
 𝜙𝑉 = 0.5333 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃√2𝑔ℎ05

ANSWER: The equation for finding the flowrate of a fluid through a triangular notch is 𝝓𝑽 =

𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽√𝟐𝒈𝒉𝟓𝟎 . This is not the same with the established flowrate shown in the figure
below.