4.We can product lay out in group incentive and process layout in individual incentives.

The explanation behind this is given below:

Product layout uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid and
high-volume flow. Product layout includes high volume of unit with low cost .It also
has labor specialization along with high utilization of labor and equipment. On the
other hand, Product layout On the other hand it creates dull and repetitive jobs which
also require preventive maintenance.
Here workers are poorly skilled who may not be able to maintain equipment or quality
of output. Also once shutdown occurs the whole system would be stopped.
Therefore, individual incentives were impractical in this case and group incentives are
suitable to this layout
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Process layout can handle varied processing requirements at a time.
Like product layout, it's not vulnerable to interdepartmental equipment failure. In
order to endure independent equipment the equipment used here are relatively costly.

Also, process layouts required special attention for each product or customer. Here
material handling is relatively slow and inefficient. Equipment utilization are
relatively low. Here accounting and purchasing are relatively more specified as well.
Therefore, process layouts can use individual incentives.

3.
Capacity cushion is a strategy that is present in the organizations which have greater
demand uncertainty. Also in the organizations which have standard products and
services.
Capacity cushion is used to offset demand uncertainty.
Capacity cushion =100%- utilisation.
In the case of NSU, capacity cushion can be used to make the arrangements a hassle
free one.
NSU is already preparing the program 500 participants from all over the world. Since
its being held after a long time they are expecting 10% additional participants which
means (500*10%=50). (500+50=550)
 Thus by adding arrangements for 50 more people they can use capacity cushion to
make the arrangements hassle free.

Capacity cushion is a strategy that is present in the organizations which have greater demand
uncertainty. Also in the organizations whi have standard products and services. Capacity cushion
is used to offset demand uncertainty. Capacity cushion =100%- utilisation. In the case of NSU,
capacity cushion can be used to make the arrangements a hassle free one. Nsu is already
preparing the program 500 participants from all over the world. Since it's being held after a long
time they qre expecting 10% additional participants which means (500*10%=50) . (500+50=550)
Thus by adding arrangements for 50 more people they can use capacity cushion to make the
arrangements hassle free.