Project Based Summer Professional Training Course

Introduction to...

Arduino
Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017
 Introduction

Design, organize, and collaborate

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

What is microcontroller

It is a micro-computer. As any
computer it has internal CPU, RAM,
IOs interface.
It is used for control purposes, and
for data analysis.

Famous microcontroller
manufacturers are MicroChip,
Atmel, Intel, Analog devices, and
more.
[list]

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

What is microprocessor?

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

What is microcontroller?

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017
Why microcontroller and why not microprocessor?

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Electrical Circuits

• Hardware and software

• IoT devices combine

hardware and software
• Hardware interacts with the
physical world
• Software is the
“intelligence”
Hardware platforms for internet of things

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Implementation on…

• Arduino Uno
• Node MCU

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Quiz 1

• Internet of things components are harder to

design than traditional system because they
are designed for a specific hardware platform
– True
– False
 What is Arduino?
A microcontroller board, contains on-board power supply,
USB port to communicate with PC, and
an Atmel microcontroller chip.

It simplify the process of creating any control system by

providing the standard board that can be programmed and
connected to the system without the need to any sophisticated
PCB design and implementation.
It is an open source hardware, any one can get the details of its
design and modify it or make his own one himself.
Arduino.

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Why Arduino?

• In-expensive (Less than Rs. 1000/-)

• Simple and easy to learn programming
• Controller independent programming
language
• One language compatibility with all boards
• Single software for programming, compiling
and burning the code

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Arduino boards:

UNO Mega LilyPad

Arduino BT Arduino Nano Arduino Mini

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Arduino UNO:
Digital output
~: PWM. In circuit Serial
0,1: Serial port. programming

Atmel
MicroController
USB port

Power input

Analog input.
Power Supply
Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017
 Features of the Arduino UNO:
• Microcontroller: ATmega328.
• Operating Voltage: 5V.
• Input Voltage (recommended):
7-12V.
• Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V.
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6
provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6.
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA.
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA.

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Arduino Uno – Pin Diagram

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Arduino IDE

Install the IDE on your

development laptop

Link for setup will be

emailed to all

Opensource available on
Arduino website

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 The main features you need to know about are:
• Code area: This is where you will type all your
code
The Arduino IDE • Info panel: This will show any errors during
compiling or uploading code to your Arduino
• Verify: This allows you to compile your code to
code the Arduino understands. Any mistakes you
have made in the syntax of your code will be
show in the info pannel
• Upload: This does the same as verify but will
then send your code to your Arduino if the code
is verified successfully
• Serial Monitor: This will open a window that
allows you to send text to and from an Arduino.
We will use this feature in later lectures.

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

The Arduino IDE

By far one of the most valuable part of the

Arduino software is its vast library of example
programs. All features of the Arduino are
demonstrated in these.

Optional libraries usually add their own

examples on how to use them.

Arduino shields will often come with their

own libraries and therefore their own
examples.

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Basic Functions

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Basic Functions

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Sensors

• Allow the microcontroller to receive

information about the environment
– How bright is it?
– How loud is it?
– How humid is it?
– Is the button being pressed?
• Perform operations based on the state of
environment
• Turn on a light if its dark

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 Digital or Analog?
All physical quantities are analog.
Analog : any value between its minimum and maximum.
Digital: specific levels of values with specific offset between
each other.
Digital and analog.

Ex: 1- Digital:
Lights in the room can be either on or off.
- Square waves are Digital.

Ex.: 2- Analog:
Temperature, can take any value[-1,12.8,25.002,… etc.].
- Sine waves are analog.

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 Sensing the Environment

• Microcontrollers sense voltage

• digitalRead(pin) – returns state of a digital pin
• analogRead(Pin) – returns the analog voltage
on a pin
• Sensor logic must convert an environmental
effect into voltage
• Photosensor – light into voltage

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 Project 1: Interfacing LED

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

LED Interfacing

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Current limits

• Watch out for current limits

• LED can only handle 20mA
– Be sure to use an appropriate resistor
– 330 ohm or 470 ohm

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 Project 1: Interfacing LED

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 /*
Blink
Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one
second, repeatedly.
*/

int ledPin = 9; // LED connected to digital pin 9

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 // the setup function runs once when you press
reset or power the board

void setup() {

// initialize digital pin ledPin as an output.

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

// the loop function runs over and over again forever

void loop() {

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

delay(1000); // wait for a second

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW

delay(1000); // wait for a second

}

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 Flashing Led

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 Do it yourself

Task 1
• Using three LED’s mimic the effect of the
traffic signal.

Task 2
• Using multiple LED’s mimic the Diwali Lighting
effect.

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Arduino Traffic lights

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 Arduino Traffic lights

//Traffic light in arduino UNO R3

int red = 10;

int yellow = 9;
int green = 8;

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 void setup() {
pinMode(red, OUTPUT);
pinMode(yellow, OUTPUT);
pinMode(green, OUTPUT);
}

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 void loop() {

Write by yourself

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 void loop() {

// green off, yellow on for 3 seconds

digitalWrite(green, LOW);
digitalWrite(yellow, HIGH);
delay(3000);

// turn off yellow, then turn red on for 5 seconds

digitalWrite(yellow, LOW);
digitalWrite(red, HIGH);
delay(5000);

// red and yellow on for 2 seconds (red is already on though)

digitalWrite(yellow, HIGH);
delay(2000);

// turn off red and yellow, then turn on green

digitalWrite(yellow, LOW);
digitalWrite(red, LOW);
digitalWrite(green, HIGH);
delay(3000);
}

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 Arduino Coding.

Stylize, edit, and animate your device

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Statement and operators:
Statement represents a command, it ends with ;
Ex:
int x;
x=13;
Operators are symbols that used to indicate a specific
function:
- Math operators: [+, -, *, /, %, ^]
- Logic operators: [==, !=, &&, ||]
- Comparison operators: [==, >, <, !=, <=, >=]
Syntax:
; Semicolon, {} curly braces, //single line
comment, /*Multi-line comments*/

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Statement and operators:
Compound Operators:
++ (increment)
-- (decrement)
+= (compound addition)
-= (compound subtraction)
*= (compound multiplication)
/= (compound division)

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Control statements:
If Conditioning:
if(condition)
{
statements-1;
…
Statement-N;
}
else if(condition2)
{
Statements;
}
Else{statements;}

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Control statements:
Switch case:
switch (var) {
case 1:
//do something when var equals 1
break;
case 2:
//do something when var equals 2
break;
default:
// if nothing else matches, do the default
// default is optional
}

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Loop statements:
Do… while:
do
{
Statements;
}
while(condition); // the statements are run at least once.
While:
While(condition)
{statements;}
for
for (int i=0; i <= val; i++){
statements;
}

Use break statement to stop the loop whenever needed.

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017
Code structure:
Void setup(){}
Used to indicate the initial values of system on starting.
Void loop(){}
Contains the statements that will run whenever the system is
powered after setup.

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Input and output:
Led blinking example:
Used functions:
pinMode();
digitalRead();
digitalWrite();
delay(time_ms);
other functions:
analogRead();
analogWrite();//PWM.

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

 References…

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Arduino IDE:

You can download the Arduino IDE

(The program used to write code and
uploading it to arduino boards) from:
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

Arduino Reference:

Here you can learn how to program Arduino and what each code
means and do, from here:
http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage

Department of E & TC Engineering, VIT Pune Date:16-06-2017

VLSI EGY- I.GEEK – S3Geeks
Thanks ☺