I toni K——— 4@to ————_ Forces Etongations| R=0 Figure 215. Sascalyindetermint trae ore method and R, = 0,8, = 1, respectively. This dummy unit-load system i, the sameas the load system for R= 1 R,=0. The elative displacements Ds. fu and fae ealelated in 3 sla way using a dummy unt load system consisting of pair of unit forces that induce bar forces nf. “This second dummy unieload system is the same as the load sytem for 8,0, R,~ 1, The formas forthe eiblty coeticiente shown in ig. 213 vey that fy > Of. > 0 and fia fi “able 24 summarizes the caleulatons The redundante Ry and Ry are found from ‘oi7s2000200]/R, |_foz24 00200001732]. x, [oraz [Aes “The total member fore inthe indeterminate tas re found afin step tom N=, +n, #8, ‘Srartcatny INDETERMINATE FRAME “Theportalframeshown in Fig 24is one degree taticlly indeterminate, ‘The horizontal reaction atthe bate of the columns is chosen as the redundant R, The dummy univ-load eytem that is requited in exder to calcalate the horizontal deplacemente Dy and atthe support D in the primary siretureconsai ofa unit horizontal lore at Account ing solely for lexural deformation, the horizontal daplacement a the Zz Dx Dummy unitloadings te Erin eRe fax Enz Oe ta Ent te suport Din the primary structure canbe cuted as indeed in Fg 214 Tale23 pesto for ints | Mya According By=wLHN2Efy and fy =2HPDE,|, + HPLIEyy Hence, the red dant force Ri YE H Tea in which ¢= (Eyl) 1) repetens the beam-to-column relative stiffnes, ‘The maximum positive and maximum negative bending. moments in the frame are shown in Fig. 218 as a function of the ‘beam-to-column relative aifnes Shear and axial deformations can be accounted for by adding the appropriate terms shown in Eg. (225) 2.63 Three Moment Equation for ‘The three-moment equation ie a special force-method solution for continuous beam in which the bending moments over the interior supports are selected asredundans. The general frm ofthe equation relates ending moments in the cntinaows beam a three adjacent inte: Flor supports. This rsule in 2 standard solution fr conlinsous beams that ean be simply applied, yleding well-conditned simultaneous ‘equations wath a narzow bandwidth (the bandwith s 3). "The primary structure, created. by releasing internal bending ‘moments aver al interior supports, consists of 2 numberof adjacent simply supported spans (Fig, 2168). Accordingly, the basic element