Use & Lel wesc, wh??2481 ab (at2b) EIL Figure 2.17 Sapprtsoations in simpy sppored bea. and symmetry entails that, ‘matex for the planar beam i TakisTas Takis kyTS ky . Accordingly the 4x 4 etinese 236) Figure 221 shows the explicit fren ofthis stfiness matrix expanded to 66 matrix to encompass the axial depres of freedom. Dunst Meriiov for Duregsasine ‘Manner Resroxst “The response of one-dimensional (line) elements can also be deter mined rectly fom the differential relations based on equilibrium, compatbbty, and the constitutive law. For a planar beam in which ‘only flexural deformations are considered, Eqs (220) and (222) are ‘the initial point In case shear deformation effects are to be considered, the second differentia relation in Eq, (2.22) is modified include the Uwansverse shear strain, which assumed tobe constant through the ‘beam cross section. Addlionall the consiutive elation between Shear force and ehesr strain i wed, The reval i= Mt) 4 em i Inthie theory, alo called Timoshenko Beam theory, the rotation 8 of the Tine that is originally perpendicular to the centerine diflers from the relation dye ofthe centerline by te shear angle The solutions of Eqs. (2.20) and (237) present the complete response ‘of the beam. The pat of the response involving the applied load pls) ‘determines the fixed-end forces. The part ofthe respanse for p(x) = 0 {determines the sinesecoeicient, igure 2.22 shows the solutions of Eas, (2.20) and (2.37)forp(s)=Oand with nodal degrees of feedom i 0}, = (Lay = 1D) “The internal generalized beam (ores are determined from B4. (2.37) asV(x)= A,6,(2), M(x) = EI d8(x)ldx, andthe nodal generalized forces fare determined from p,=V(0)p;= (0), py=-VIL). py = MUL). ‘The coeicients of the generalized coordinates ty ty My yin these expressions for ip Po Po Pa ate the stfess coefficients shown in Tg, 221. Awsal diaplacemenis ste ncladed, inserting the axl Hf nets coeicients inthe slffete matrix asin Fig. 221. The analytical ven WW es) 1 bet USE > wo} ow cas PLINGE! PLINGE! Lel "Rab (b+2a) EI vel ‘expressions fo the beam deformations yx), 8 (2), and fe) i terms of the degres of freedom involve shape fnctions, shows in Eq (2.38) for the beam deletion ys la) =U NEN ean 4 Shape functions NP for 8(2) and NY for (2) ae defined in a similar ‘manner 38 4, (238), using the information given in Fig 222. "The shape functions N/ each contain two distinct terms, the fist proportional to li(l- §), repretenting the flexural deflection, and the ‘Second proportional to o{1~ ), representing the shear defection. The parsmeter§=12F1/A,GL? determines he importance of shear deforma: thon, @ > 0 represent the flexural beam theory nd § >= reprerents the cae of a purely shear deformable beam, ‘The flexural shape functions for Beam deflection, expressed simply a N, are shoven in Fig. 223, There shape fonctions are part of 3 family of interpolation polynomials called Hermitian shape fnetions®? Hermitian interpolation user nodal values of displacement deriva: tes (a) in addition to nodal values of the displacements (4 4) themeeves, There shape functions, along with the Lagrangian shape futons playa significant clein finite-element analy. (Lagrangian Interpolation uss only nodal function values) 27.3 MamberFied-End ‘The fied-end member response to element loads, that i, pls) #0 with 10, superposed onthe unloaded member response to the degrees tf freedom, that i, pls) ~ 0 with uj ¢ 0, Accordingly the member generalized forces ae expressed as shown in Bq (2.38) in terms of the ‘ilfnescoetcients andthe fixed: end force A Ruka kaka Wow A | fitotte fo | la : AL] butebsbe is [Pap oP Pe a kakoku Me Be