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Science
Quarter 3, Week 5 - Module 5
Factors That Affect Climate

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3, Week 5 - Module 5: Factors That Affect Climate
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Iligan City

Schools Division Superintendent: Roy AngeloL. Gazo, PhD.,CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Evelyn P. Waperi , Jellieta L. Clordealta
Reviewers: Julieta Abrinica
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Jellieta L. Clordealta
Management Team
Chairperson: Roy Angelo E. Gazo, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Nimfa R. Lago,PhD, CESE

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Members Henry B. Abueva OIC-CID Chief

Ann Q. Solijon, EPS-Science
Sherlita L. Daguisonan, LRMS Manager
Meriam S. Otarra, PDO II
Charlotte D. Quidlat, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Iligan City
Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City
Telefax: (063)221-6069
E-mail Address: iligan.city@deped.gov.ph

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 Lesson
Factors Affecting Climate
2 of an Area

What’s New

Activity 1: When the Sun’s Rays Strike

Objective: At the end of the activity, the learner is expected to:
1. Defines latitude; and
2. Explains how latitude affects climate.
Procedure: Study the illustration on figure 1.
Figure 1. The Latitude

LATITUDE
Latitude means how far north or south of the equator a place is located.
Based on latitude, the climates of the world are classified into three types. They are:

 the polar climate or frigid zone (at the North and South Poles),
 the temperate climate or temperate zone (found in the areas away from the
equator) and
 the tropical climate or torrid zone (at the equatorial belt)
You noticed that as Earth is tilted on its axis an angle of 23.50. As the sun’s rays strikes,
different parts of the Earth receive different amount of solar radiation. Thus, the climate of a
place also affects the distance from the equator. At the poles, since energy from the sun
reaches Earth’s surface at lower angle and travels through a thicker layer of the atmosphere
than at the equator, it is expected that the climate is cooler.

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Questions:
1. Which part of the earth receives most of the sun’s rays?
2. Why does the amount of heat receive by places far from the equator become less?
3. Why are the coldest places on earth found near the poles?

Activity 2: Hot or Cold?

Objectives: At the end of the activity, the learner is expected to:
1. Compares the climate of the places near and far from bodies of water,
2. Explains how ocean currents/bodies of water affects climate.

Ocean Currents/Bodies of Water

The nearness of a region to the sea also affects its climate. The main patterns of ocean
current result from the earth's rotation and the gravitational attraction among the earth, moon
and sun.
An ocean current is part of the ocean in which the water flows in a definite direction.
Some of these currents are caused by wind moving over the ocean surface. Some currents
are warm-water currents. Other currents are cold-water currents because they flow from the
poles toward the equator, thus making the bodies of water in this area cooler.

Figure 3. Ocean Currents of the World

Source: Science Learner’s Module 9.Department of Education. 5th Floor Mabini Bldg., DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig
City. Philippines 1600. 2014.

Figure 3 shows different loops or gyres of surface currents around the world. In the
northern part of the earth called the northern hemisphere, the current flows in a clockwise
direction. On the other hand, in the southern part called the southern hemisphere, the current
flows in counter clockwise direction. These clockwise and counter clockwise of ocean
currents are caused by the Coriolis Effect. Ocean currents that flow away from the equator
carries warm water. The air above the warm water has higher temperature.
When ocean currents that bring cold water move towards a coastal region, the
temperature of that area decreases as warmer air from the land flows to the sea resulting in a
cold climate. When warm ocean currents that take along warm water go to a land mass, the
temperature of that place increases as warmer air above the water flows inland, resulting in a
warm climate.

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Question:
How does ocean current affects climate?

Now, you have learned that distance from the ocean/sea is another factor that affects
climate.
The amount of water vapor present in the air of our surroundings (is known as humidity)
increases as the temperature also increases. And since water vapor produced through heat
from the sun, we will be expecting that water vapor is having high temperature. And if this
vapor stays in in the surroundings it will make us uncomfortable and warm.

What Is It

Altitude
Altitude refers to the height above sea level.
Areas that are high elevations have lower average
temperature than areas at lowlands. The land part
of the earth consists generally of mountains and
lowlands.
Temperatures in mountainous regions are
much lower than those in lowlands. Why? When a
warm and moist air mass rise up the side of a
mountain from the lowlands, it is lifted to heights
where it cools. Cooling of warm air causes its water
vapor to condense. Thus, the air on the side of the
mountain is dry and cool. The cool air moves down
the valley as a mountain breeze.
Altitude of a place and its nearness to the
sea affect climate.

Activity 3: I am High and Cold

Objectives : At the end of the activity, the learner is expected to:

1. defines altitude,
2. identifies some warm and cold places in the Philippines,
3.describes how altitude affects the climate of the place.

Procedure: Study the table 4 below.

Here are the low and high temperatures of some places in the Philippines. Locate the
warmest and coldest places in the table. Determine what affects the regional temperature for
each city. Record your findings. Then answer the following questions.

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Table 4
Name of Altitude Annual
Place (Elevation Average
above Temperature Questions:
sea level) (0C) 1. What are the 3 places having the
(m) lowest temperature?
Bacolod 10 27.5
Baguio 1457 16 2. What 3 places having the highest
Laoag 20 27.3 altitude?
Manila 10 28 3. Why do you think that in your answer in
Tacloban 20 29.4
number 1 have the lowest temperature?
Cagayan de 9.7 30.0
Oro 4. What factor do you think is the cause of
Zamboanga 30 27.6 low temperature in the place? ______
Bukidnon 915 24
Tagaytay 640 22.7
Davao de 13 27
Oro
Sources:https://ph.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=Awrxguq5YC1fVTIA9g3fSQx.;_ylc=X1MDMjExNDczNDU1OQRfcgMyBGZyA3locy1pYmEtMQRncHJpZANVbVFrWjVYTVJVYUNIaGk0VjRTa05BBG5f
cnNsdAMwBG5fc3VnZwMwBG9yaWdpbgNwaC5zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tBHBvcwMwBHBxc3RyAwRwcXN0cmwDMARxc3RybAMzMQRxdWVyeQNNYXJhd2klMjBDaXR5JTIwYXZlcmFnZSUyMHRlbXBl
cmF0dXJlBHRfc3RtcAMxNTk2ODA5NDgy?p=Marawi+City+average+temperature&fr2=sb-top&hspart=iba&hsimp=yhs-1

You observe that one of the topographic features of an area is a mountain.

Mountainous areas greatly affect the amount of precipitation in a certain region. The area in
which the wind blows is called the windward side. Here, the wind is blocked by the mountain,
forcing it to move upward. As it moves, the water vapor condenses and forms clouds. This
result in precipitation on the windward side. The air moves down towards the opposite region
called leeward side. The cold air mass starts to absorb heat and becomes warm and dry. As
a result, the area near the leeward side becomes dry and has less precipitation. The dry region
on the leeward side is called rainshadow. Vegetation in this region includes desert plants and
grassland.
Rain shadow is seldom found here in the Philippines because our country is
surrounded by bodies of water. Another reason is that the Philippines has two local wind
systems such as Amihan and Habagat. These local winds bring precipitation in every part of
the Philippines.
Therefore, altitude is one of the factors affects climate of the place.

What’s More

Wind patterns over the earth are caused by the unequal heating of the earth's surface,
plus the rotation of the earth. If the earth is not rotating, warm air from the equatorial region
will move directly toward the North and South Poles. Since the earth is rotating from west to
east, the winds are deflected westward. This shift in global wind direction due to the earth's
rotation is called Coriolis Effect.

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 Study figure below. Answer the questions that follows.

Questions:

1. How does the Earth's rotation affect the

wind direction?

2. How does it affects the climate?

Activity 4: Amount of Rainfall

Amount of rainfall means the frequency and amount of precipitation of a place.
Different parts of the Philippines have different amounts of rainfall during the year. The amount
of rainfall is used to describe the climate in the region.
Tropical regions which are generally hot and wet have high temperature and rainfall.
The differences in surface temperatures in the tropics create a very wet and humid
atmosphere.

Source: http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/climate/climatological-normals

Questions:

1. What does the graph tell you about the amount of rainfall in different places in the
Philippines?

2. How do you think will the amount of rainfall affect the climate in these places?

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 What Is It

Different parts of the world have different climates. The main features that affect
climate are the temperature and the amount of rainfall. They generally determine the kinds of
plant and animal species that grow in certain places.

HOT CLIMATE. The region between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn is called
the tropics. The climate within this regions just to the north and south of the tropics is
called subtropical. The warmth and plentiful rainfall in these regions which include the
Philippines, Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries is beneficial to the plants
that grow well in this climate such as trees, palms, bananas, rice, corn and other
vegetation.
The savannah is the region of tropical grassland which is found in the African
forests. The Sahara Desert is the world's largest desert. It is covered with sand dunes.
The lack of rainfall does not allow vegetation to thrive well in this desert.
TEMPERATE CLIMATE. The cold temperate regions of the world are occupied by large and
dense forests such as those found in North America, Europe and parts of Asia. Most
plant species are hardwoods like oak, elm and beech, evergreen plants like fir and
conifers, and fruits like grapes, peaches and persimmon. Animals that thrive well in
temperate climates are foxes, squirrels and bears.
COLD CLIMATE. The coldest climates are in the Arctic close to the North Pole and in the
Antarctic close to the South Pole. These regions have a polar climate which are very
cold. During winter, the ground is permanently covered with snow and the temperature
can go down to 50 degree Celsius, nothing can grow in this kind of weather.
Polar bears, penguins and seals can live in cold climates because of their thick fur
and a layer of fat under their skin.

The influence of climate on the lifestyles and activities of people in the world is very
observable.
1. Houses in cold countries use heating system during winter. In warm countries, the
homes are provided with a cooling system used for almost throughout the year.

2. Differences in clothing, people in cold countries walk the streets with thick clothes like
wool, leather and fur coats, the people in the tropics walk the streets with thin clothes
like cotton and polyester.

3. Some games can only be played in certain places. For example, in the Philippines, it
does not snow, so it will be impossible for us to engage in winter sports such as cross-
country skiing or outdoor ice-skating.

Questions:

1. What do people living in hot countries wear?

2. What do people living in very cold countries wear?
3. Is the kind of climate also affects the kind of house they live in? How?

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 What I Have Learned

Direction: Fill in the blanks. Choose word or words that answer question in the word
box.

WORD BOX
Amount of rainfall altitude Wind system
23.50 spherical shape Ocean current
Equator Latitude

A. As the sun’s rays strike different parts of the Earth, these places receive different amount
of solar radiation due to its ____1_______ shape and tilted at _2__0. Thus, the climate of
a place also affects the distance from the ___3______ to its poles.

B. Identify what factor affects the climate of the place.

______________4. Refers to the height above sea level.
______________5. Wind patterns over the earth are caused by the unequal heating of
the earth's surface, plus the rotation of the earth.
______________6. is part of the ocean in which the water flows in a definite direction
______________7. means how far north or south of the equator of a certain
place is located.
______________8. means the frequency and amount of precipitation of a place.

C. True or False.
______________9. The lifestyle and activities of the people in the world are affected by
the climate of its place.
_____________10. House in cold countries is using cooling system throughout the year.
_____________11. People in tropics walk the street with thin clothes like cotton and
polyester.
_____________12. Games are also played based on the climate of the place.
_____________13. Plants that grow in the place vary from place to place due to different
climates.

Post Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

_____ 1. What do you call the upward and downward currents of air which result
from the uneven heating of the air?
A. radiation currents B. conduction currents
C. conduction currents D. convection currents

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_____ 2. These factors contribute to unequal temperature of the air EXCEPT
A. the kind of materials that compose the earth’s surface
B. angle of sun’s rays due to the shape of the earth
C. length of daytime (due to the tilt of the earth on its axis)
D. differences in air pressure
_____ 3. Which of the following statement about warm and cold air is true?
A. Cold air is more dense than hot air and it rises
B. Hot air is less dense than cold air and it rises
C. Cold air is less dense than hot air and it rises
D. Hot air is more dense than cold air and it rises
_____ 4. What factor determines the amount of solar energy an area receives?
A. latitude C. mountains
B. wind patterns D. ocean currents
_____ 5. Compared to air pressure at the bottom of a mountain, air pressure at the
top is:
A. equal B. higher C. lower D. does not change
_____ 6. In what direction do winds blow?
A. from the northeast to southwest
B. from the southwest to northeast
C. from low pressure areas to high pressure areas
D. from high pressure areas to low pressure areas
_____ 7. Which of the following should be done if a strong typhoon is expected?
A. Boil water for drinking to avoid gastrointestinal infections.
B. Wear thick clothing to prevent catching respiratory diseases.
C. Wash and cook food to avoid contacting communicable diseases.
D. Secure extra food supply, emergency lights and battery-operated
radios.
_____ 8. If solar energy would have been distributed evenly, our planet would have
been _____?
A. equal of the length of day and night at all times
B. uniform in temperature
C. unequally heated
D. no typhoon formation

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 Answer Key

References
Cowan, A.G. (2013, November 4). Ocean Currents and Climate.
Retrievedfromhttp://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/media/oceancurrents-andclimate/?ar_a=1
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Online Sources
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file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/Super_Teacher_Worksheets_Weather_and_Climate%20New.pdf
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=dmZCVA7UgJUC&pg=RA1-PA1&lpg=RA1-
PA1&dq=project+ease+module+in+power+generation+transmission+and+distribution
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https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/philippines/baguio-climate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro
https://www.latlong.net/place/bacolod-negros-occidental-philippines-6811.html

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Iligan City
Office Address: Aguinaldo Street, Iligan City
Telefax: (063) 221-6069
E-mail Address: iligan.city@deped.gov.ph

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