Theories of the origin of state

1 Divine Theory

1 Divine Theory
2 Force Theory

3 Social Contract Theory

2 Force Theory

3 Social Contract Theory

Divine Theory
Old Testament
Mahabharata

A city is possible without land

but the establishment of a
state is not possible without
faith in God - Plutarch

Jams first
Sir Robert Filmer

State is not a man-made

institution King is the
representative of God
Force Theory
Power is the main reason for the
state's origin

State is the result of human

aggression - s. Lilock

The existence of modern political societies

is in a successful war - E Janks

Thesimekres Sofistian
Polibiyus
Machiavelli
j Bondan
Devid Hyum , Mao j Dong ,Hitler ,musoliny
Theorie of Social Contract
Thomas Hobbes
Born - 5 April 1588
Malmesbury माम्ज़बरी

Deth - 1679
 Books
De Cive 1642
(Definition of Sovereignty )

De Corpore 1640
(interpretation of nature of state )

Leviathan 1651
( support for autocratic monarchy )

Elements of Law 1650

(interpritation of Law, )
Methodology

Scientific Materialism

Scientific Neutralism

Resolutive Composite
System
First in analysis of
defects then redress of
defects
Scientific Materialism of Hobbes

The study of social science like

Physics ,Psychology ,Geometry

William james - Hobbes is a first

associationist psychologist
समुदायवादी मनोवैऻाननक

हॉब्स उऩयोगितावादीयों का
ऩूवजव था
Hobbes on human nature

Human are anti social

being's

Human nature is selfish

The three major cause of human conflict

1 Compitition प्रनतयोगिता
2 mutual distrust ऩरस्ऩर अववश्वास
3 longing for glory वैभव की ऱाऱसा

Human nature is ego

centered
 Will (constantly conflict)
इच्छा /आकषवण
Selfish man -

Reluctance (wish for peace)

अननच्छा /प्रनतकषवण
वववेकऩणू व अनिच्छा
Hobbes on the state of nature
Before state - anarchic /chaotic natural
state
Lack of ethics

Indecision

Injustice

Lack of personnel assets

Natural Rights and Natural Laws
Natural rights - open
exemption to do anything
for selfishness and self
defense अऩनी स्वरऺा और
स्वाथवऩूती के लऱए कुछ भी
करने की छूट का अगधकार
Tiger's Right's ( T H Hungsily)

Natural Laws - 19 th articles of peace.

resonable rules of avoiding anarchy of
state of nature ,prevention of man's
selfish and egoistic behavior
प्राकृनतक अगधकार का कुछ अंश त्यािना
एक दस ू रे के सहस्स्तत्व के लऱये
Rational Self preservation बद्
ु धिसंगत आत्मरक्षा
मानव स्वभाव की मऱ
ू
आवश्यकता सुरऺा की इच्छा
है
वववेक आत्मरऺा का सवोत्तम
साधन है
The origin of the state and its
nature

Social contract

Assigning all of rights to a

group or individual

All peoples become centered

in one person (livelathan)
Mortal God
सारा जनसमद ु ाय एक व्यस्तत में केस्रित हो जाता है
All people's become centered in one person =
commonwealth state (civitas)
It is a social agreement between individuals
No condition and no favor to the adreement
Unlimited power and autocratic rights were handed over -leviathan

Sovereignty is in a one person /group and this is inseparable

The sovereign king of hobbs is completely despotic
The sovereign statement is the law and the word is the
rule
Hobbs was the greatest supporter of sovereignty

Sovereignty in one person who - monarchy

In a group - oligarchy

In all Society and - democracy

29 August 1632 to 1704 ,
sumerset carington
Britain
Member of whig party ,secretory
of lord shesftbery