Fatima Almira M.

Ibba
STEM 12
Practical Research2

Module2
What’s New
You are almost finished cooking the
favorite meal of the family. In order to
check if it tastes good
and ready for serving, what will you do?

Answer: I will….. get a tablespoon and taste it.

What’s More
Activity 1. Determine the Sampling
Procedure

Sample Situation Sampling Justification

Procedure

1. Alex’s target population for his study
are the employees of hotels in
Mindanao. Since there are too many
employees in these establishments,
he randomly selected ten hotels. And
then he considered all employees as
participants in his study.
Sample random Because Alex considered all
sampling employees as participants,
which is considered as
sampling random procedure
a way of choosing individuals
in which all members of the
accessible population are
given an equal chance to be
selected.

2. Dianne wants to know if the new
learning modalities in the first
semester affects the academic
performance of senior high students.
He took all the lists of all students in
her school and selected every 6th
name to be part of her study.
Systematic Because Dianne just chose
sampling every 6th name in her list, just
like systematic sampling
where procedure is as simple
as selecting samples every
nth of the chosen population
until arriving at a desired total
number of sample size.

3. Faye wants to survey all the parents in
Cagayan de Oro who opt to enroll their
elementary children to an online class.
All in all there 26,000 parents. Faye
decided to have 450 from the target
population.
Stratified Because Faye wants to
random survey all the parents but
sampling decided to have 450 from the
target population she divided
the population into groups.

Activity 2. Search the design and sampling procedure.

.
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
 ▪ Title of the A quantitative study of The Impact of Social social media and
Research the attitude, knowledge Media on the Academic academic
Study and Development of School performance of
experience of staff Students students
nurses on prioritizing
comfort
measures in care of the
dying patient in an
acute
hospital setting.

▪ Research Experimental research Descriptive research

Design descriptive design design design

▪ Characteristics To investigate aims to find the impact of examine the

of Population international social media on the influence of Social
perspectives on end-of- academic performance of Media and Academic
life care, the current the younger generation in Performance Of
international literature Egypt. students in
was reviewed using the University of Lagos.
key themes of
identifying the dying
phase, comfort care
and symptom control
for the dying patient.

▪ Sampling simple random Stratified research Stratified research

Procedure sample sampling sampling

▪ Sample Size 200 staff nurses 110 male and female 378 students
students aged 12-19

▪ Source https://www.tcd.ie/librar https://www.researchgate. https://www.research

y/support/subjects/nursi net/publication/27377086 gate.net/publication/
ng- 1_The_Impact_of_Social 273765340_social_
midwifery/assets/Gener _Media_on_the_Academi media_and_academi
al%20Research%20Pr c_Development_of_Scho c_performance_of_st
oposal_1.pdf ol_Students udents

What I Have Learned

Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each question
comprehensively.

1. What do I know about the population and sample of the study?

__I know that population is the entire group that the researcher want to draw
conclusions about and while the sample of the study is the specific group that the
research will collect data from.

2. I have learned that when determining the sample size of the study….
___________________________________________________________________
the larger the sample size the smaller the effect size can be detected. The size of
the sample is always less than the total size of the population and also the size of
the sample is very important for getting accurate, statistically significant results and
running your study successfully.
 3. Now I know that sampling procedures involve…..

Choosing a part of a population to use to test hypotheses about the entire population, also
used to choose the number of participants, interviews, or work samples to use in the
assessment process.
What I Can Do
Describes your Sampling Procedure and Sample

Directions: Perform the following task. Identify the size of the population and sample for your
study and explain the sampling method that you will use.
1. Size of Population

2. The method used to Slovin’s formula

determine sample size 𝑁 280
n= n=
(include computation if 1+𝑁𝑒2 1+280(0.0025)
applicable) 280 280
n= 2
n=
1+280(0.05) 1+1.5
=112 (ps. Sir yung 280 po estimate lang di po ako sure ilan lahat ang
grade 7 students)

3. Sample Size for 112 grade 7 students

the Study

4. Sampling Procedure Simple Random sampling

to be employed
(explain the steps)

5. Who will be your Grade 7 students enrolled at Toribio Minor National High
respondents? School School year 2020-2021

Module 3
Activity 1. Let’s talk

Directions: Read the questions about tools. Then, write your answer on the corresponding
space.

Questions to analyze:
1. Why is it necessary to use the right tools for a particular task?
Each tool has a purpose in every specific way of task, so in choosing the right tool
for a task can help you to lessen the amount of effort that you will exert.

2. What will happen if research instruments are not prepared carefully?

If it is incorrectly calibrated the researcher will get a reading which is very possibly
pointless as any attempt to repeat the experiment will not give the same answer.

Activity 2. Let’s read

Directions: Read and analyze the given scenario. Answer the guide questions below.

A culmination program was scheduled for Grade 12 students. The highlight of the program is
the presentation of the festival of dances. The six sections prepared for the said dance
contest during the culmination. A month before the activity, the students already started
planning. Their parents were also very supportive in the preparation of their costumes and
props. The class advisers also monitored the practices in their classrooms.
During the contest, the PE teacher invited teachers from other schools to serve
as a judge. The performances were exemplary, especially the section Rydberg. The
section was also a crowd favorite. However, another group that performed poorly
 compared to Rydberg was pronounced as the winner. Due to the result of the contest,
Rydberg and other sections wanted to know the bases for judging. After conducting
an investigation, it turned out that no clear criteria were set, and no rating sheets were
used.

Guide Questions:
1. What do you think must have been done to avoid the said situation?
To avoid the said situation, I think they should choose a trustworthy judges that will follow
the rules that should have a rating sheet and will use a rating sheets.

2. What can you say about the result of investigation?

All I can say about the result of the investigation I it is a shame and very disappointing to
know that the judges did not use a rating sheets and has no criteria were set.

3. How will you relate the scenario to the conduct of a quantitative research study?
Just like conducting a quantitative research you should also use like criteria and rating
sheets in quantitative research they call it likert scale and the respondents should rank or
rate the work of the researchers.

What’s More
Activity 1. Qualify and Rate the Instrument

Directions: Look for sample research instruments from previously conducted research. Rate it
on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = lowest, 5 = highest) based on the criteria given. Then
justify you’re your rating.

Sample Instrument SAI survey instrument

(provide a title of
the instrument if
possible):

Purpose of the to evaluate the teacher

Research Instrument: perceptions as reported anonymously through the survey
instrument

Number of Items: Scale Used: _ Likert scale tool.______________

_______3_______

Criteria for Rating Justification

Evaluation of
Instrument

Concise 5 The instrument used is direct to the point

Sequential 5 The instrument used are arranged in order.

Valid and Reliable 5 It is accurate and consistent.

Easily Tabulated 5 All tables and chart are well organized.

Activity 2. Search and evaluate the instrument.

Directions: Search for a sample research study. Identify the ways of establishing the validity
and reliability of the instrument.
Example 1 Example 2

▪ Title of the Research Study A Quantitative Study THE DIGNITY FOR ALL
of Teacher STUDENTS ACT: A
Perceptions of QUANTITATIVE STUDY
Professional Learning OF ONE
Communities' UPSTATE NEW YORK
Context, PUBLIC SCHOOL
Process, and Content IMPLEMENTATION

▪ Type of Research Instrument SAI survey instrument a cross-sectional survey

instrument

▪ Way of Developing the Instrument study used the The survey was
Standards Inventory organized in to three
Assessment (SAI) to sections that explored
evaluate the teacher the teachers
perceptions as perceptions of DASA,
reported anonymously student behaviors, and
through the survey DASA’s
instrument. impact.

▪ Scale Used Likert scale tool. Likert scale

▪ How the validity of the The validity of this Perfect validity is not
instrument was established? instrument was easily obtained. It can
studied at length. be difficult to measure
Content validity was civility
I{ determined through and culture and capture
an expert coming from the full essence of the
the latest review being behaviors
to add more
demographic
information.

▪ How the reliability of the The reliability of the The measure is reliable
instrument was established? SAI survey was then if the teachers are
tested to determine consistent in answering
the manner in the questions
which each subscale for this study as they
effectively grouped had done so in previous
together studies about DASA.

▪ Source https://scholarship.shu https://files.eric.ed.gov/f

.edu/cgi/viewcontent.c ulltext/ED591309.pdf
gi?article=1025&conte
xt=dissertations

What I Have Learned

Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each question
comprehensively.
1. Why is it important to have a good research instrument?
 It is important to have a good instrument because research instrument is a tool used
to obtain, measure, and analyze data from subjects around the research topic. The researcher
must decide the instrument to use based on the type of study that the researchers are
conducting
2. Differentiate validity and reliability. Explain how they complement each other to make a
good research instrument.
The difference between reliability and validity is that reliability is about the consistency of
a measure, and validity is about the accuracy of a measure. Reliability and validity are
concepts used to evaluate the quality of research. They indicate how well a method,
technique or test measures something.

What I Can Do
Construct your research instruments and establish validity and reliability
1. The goal of your Aims to gather information regarding on how aware the
research instrument/s grade 7 students on waste segeregation

2. Parts of your A. Awareness about waste segregation

instrument/s B. Behavior about Waste Segregation
C. School Practices on waste segregation

3. Number of items 15 items

per sub-factor:
total items

4. Scale to be used Likert scale

5. How will it be It will be determined by construct validity.

validated?

6. How will the reliability It will be determined by interval

be established?

Module 4
What’s New

How is the research intervention conducted in the study?

The research intervention conducted in the study is by allocating a group of people to a special
tutorial program. The people who are designated in the special tutorial program and which are
exposed in a special condition is called a treatment group and the other groups of people are
exposed in usual conditions are called control groups.

What’s More
Activity 1. Determine the Research Intervention Procedure

Directions: Search for a sample research study. Distinguished the procedure used in the
experimental and control group. Use the table below for your answers.
Example 1

▪ Title of the Research Study A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR
SUPPORT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

▪ Research Intervention Conducted The study included 113 middle school and
junior high students identified as being at risk for
 emotional and behavioral disorders using the
Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders
(SSBD).

▪ Procedure Used in Control Group The participants were assigned to a control group
(no treatment), one, two, or three semesters of the
intervention.

▪ Procedure Used in There was no procedure used in experimental

Experimental Group group.

Example 1

▪ Title of the Research Study Beauty sleep: experimental study on the perceived
health and attractiveness of sleep deprived people

▪ Research Intervention Conducted Designating a treatment group of which will be

sleep deprived for 24 hours

▪ Procedure Used in Control Group The control group are not sleep deprived and are
free to take naps whenever they want for 24 hours

▪ Procedure Used in The experimental or treatment group is not

Experimental Group allowed to sleep for 24 hours or in other words
they are deprived of sleep.

What I Have Learned

Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each question comprehensively.
1. What I know about research intervention
Research intervention is applying specific condition or treatment of which the independent
variable is controlled or manipulated in an experimental research and the researcher
decides the nature of intervention.

2. I have learned that when describing the research intervention..

There are steps in describing the research intervention process that needs to be
followed. Which are (1) Write the Background Information, (2) Describe the Differences
and Similarities between the Experimental and Control Group, (3) Describe the
Procedures of the Intervention, and lastly (4) Explain the Basis of Procedures.

What I Can Do
Describes your Intervention (if applicable)
Directions: If the design of your research is experimental. Describe your research intervention
by following the steps given in this lesson.
-This activity or the research intervention is not applicable to our research study because our
research design is not experimental.

Module 5
What’s New
Activity 1: What’s the Procedure
Looking at the flowchart of the data gathering procedure, what do you think is the research
design of the study
 The research design that is used is descriptive research design because the procedure of the
study answers the “WH questions” and the procedure of the study is observed, made and also
done naturally.

What’s more
Activity 2. Arrange your Steps
Directions: Arrange the following steps in data gathering into their correct sequence, 1 as being
the first step, and 10 as the last step.
Order Steps

__3_____ The respondents will have a chance to have a look at the performance tasks.

____2___ Each of the participants will be interviewed for individual filling out of the personal
background of media literacy information.

___6____ The researcher will meet the participants eight times in a four-month data gathering period.

__5_____ The participants will answer the learning activity sheet (LAS) after practicing the new
approach.

__9_____ The data collection in each group will be supervised by two experienced Information
Technology teachers to ensure proper implementation of the intervention.

___7____ The participants will read example situations about media literacy that are not familiar to
them.

___4____ The new approach in assessing the performance tasks of learners will be implemented.

____1___ The list of performance tasks and assessment tools will be prepared.

__8_____ The media literacy summative test will be administered after the implementation of the new
approach in assessing performance tasks.

_10 ____ The test results will be encoded for summary and will be analyzed.

What I Have Learned

Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each question comprehensively.
1. This time, I have learned that quantitative data…………
is a type of data that appears to be measured in the form of counts and numbers, and also
describe numerical variables.
2. Techniques in quantitative data gathering help to………..
Strengthens the credibility of the outcome of the researchers data collection.
3. In planning my data gathering procedure, I need to consider………..
What data I do really need to collect or what re my goals are and also make sure how to get the
collections data point.

What I Can Do
Plan your Data Gathering Procedures
Directions: Perform the following task. From what you have learned in this lesson, list the steps
that you are going to follow in gathering the data of your research. For this part, just
enumerate it to clearly see the procedure before, during, and after your data gathering.
Before:
 Select an issue and set a goal
 Plan an approach method
 Determine the sample size and the corresponding respondents
 Ask permission to the authorities (ex. School principal) of the respondents
 Prepare and develop a research instrument (ex. Questionnaire)
During:
 Instruct a clear instructions to the corresponding respondents

 Provide the research instrument that the researcher prepared

 Collect, conduct, gather and take notes to the respondents’ responses

After:
 Summarized the data gathered in a tabular form
 Analyze and summarize the data.

Additional Activity:
Direction: After you submit your data gathering procedures, once it is corrected in accordance
with the guidelines given, you may start incorporating it to your research manuscript
in paragraph format.

Module 6
What’s New
Activity 1: Statistics Recall
Directions: From your previous lessons, recall the following terms in Statistics.
Write its definition or description and purpose or function in analyzing data. Fill
in the boxes to provide the information about these statistical terms or you may
use a separate sheet. Use the table for your answer.
 Terms Definition or Description
Data facts and statistics collected
together for reference or
analysis
Frequency the number of times an
event occurs
Percentage out of every 100
Mean is the average value of the
data set
Standard Deviation is a statistic that measures
the dispersion of a dataset
relative to its mean and is
calculated as the square root
of the variance
Table s an arrangement of data in
rows and columns, or
possibly in a more complex
structure.
Figure describe the data shown,
draw attention to important
features contained within the
figure, and may sometimes
also include interpretations
of the data.
Parametric Test s a branch of statistics which make assumptions about the parameters of
assumes that sample data
comes from a population that sample is drawn.
can be adequately modeled
by a probability distribution
that has a fixed set of
parameters.
Non-Parametric Test are methods of statistical
analysis that do not require a
distribution to meet the
required assumptions to be
analyzed (especially if the
data is not normally
distributed).
Purpose or Function
helps organizations make informed
decisions and target messages to the right
audiences.
calculates how often values occur within a
range of values, and then returns a vertical
array of numbers.
figures are derived by dividing one quantity
by another with the latter rebased to 100.
can prove to be an effective tool when
comparing different sets of data
tells us about the shape of our distribution,
how close the individual data values are
from the mean value.
are used to organize data that is too
detailed or complicated to be described
adequately in the text, allowing the reader
to quickly see the results
used to support conclusions or illustrate
concepts
the population distribution from which the
used to compare means of samples with
data that do not follow a normal
distribution.
Correlation is a type of non-experimental to identify variables that have some sort of
research method in which a relationship do the extent that a change in
researcher measures two one creates some change in the other.
variables, understands and
assesses the statistical
relationship between them
with no influence from any
extraneous variable.

Regression is a statistical method used In order to predict the value of the

in finance, investing, and
other disciplines that
attempts to determine the
strength and character of the
relationship between one
dependent variable
dependent variable for individuals for whom
some information concerning the
explanatory variables is available, or in
order to estimate the effect of some
explanatory variable on the dependent
variable.

What’s More
Activity 2. Step by step analysis
Directions: From the concept presented in this lesson, create five simple basic procedures in
planning the data analysis. What to do beforehand (pre-process) is already given as
your guide.

Step To Do

Pre Identify the types of variables, research question, hypothesis, and scale of
process measurement.

1. Know first your research questions

2. Set a clear scale of measurement

3. Identify the types of variables that will be use

4. Draw a hypothesis

5. Analyze and collect data

 Activity 3. Choose the Appropriate Statistical Test
Directions: Determine the statistical test/s appropriate for the sample research. Make sure to
explain your decision in two to three sentences.
1. Relationship between Academic Stressors and Learning Preferences of Senior High School
Students
Statistical Test/s: Pearson’s r
Explanation: because the researcher wants to measure the strength of the association between
academic stressors and academic preference of Senior High School.

2. Reading Electronic Learning Materials as a Support for Vocabulary of Grade 1 Pupils

Statistical Test/s: Regression
Explanation: The researcher wants to know the impact of reading electronic learning materials
on the vocabulary of Grade 1 pupils.

3. Impact of the Implementation of COVID – 19 Health Protocols in Supermarkets on Consumer

Behaviors
Statistical Test/s: Regression
Explanation: the researcher wants to show how the supermarket consumer behaviors are
affected by the implementation of Covid-19 health protocols.

4. Effects of Morning Exercise on the Health Anxiety Level of Senior Citizens

Statistical Test/s: Regression

Explanation: the researchers wants to portray the effects of morning exercise in health anxiety

levels of Senior Citizens.

5. Measuring the Gadgets Usage of Children at Home during Quarantine

Statistical Test/s: Pearson’s r

Explanation: the researcher wants to show the relationship between gadget wage of children
and quarantine period.

What I Have Learned

Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each question comprehensively.
1. This time, I have learned that quantitative research and statistics…………..
is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. Also can be used to find patterns
and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to a
wider populations.

2. The factors to consider before planning the data analysis of the research study are…..
your Research problem, scale of measurement of the variables, the research Design, analyze
and collect data.

3. How do you know the specific statistical tests to be used in a research study?
First know what level of measurement was used for the data that you are analyzing, second
you should know how many samples do you have, and lastly know what is the purpose of your
analysis. By considering these you can identify which statistical test will suit or appropriate to
your study.
 What I Can Do
Plan Data Analysis Using Statistics and Hypothesis Testing
Directions: Perform the following task. From what you have learned in this lesson, fill out the
table considering your current research study.
Research Questions Statistical Tests Purpose

Measure the level of awareness T-test for dependent To determine whether there is statistically difference
of grade 7 students on how to variables between the level of awareness of grade 7 students on
segregate waste properly. how to segregate waste properly.