MATHEMATICS

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Statistics
Statistics, Population, Data, Sample, Measure of Central Tendency (Mean, Median, Mode), Measure of
Dispersion( Variance, Standard Deviation, Range, Interquartile Range), Measure of Position (Quartiles, Decile,
Percentile), Absolute Mean Deviation, Summation, Empirical Formula, Quadratic Mean, Geometric Mean,
Harmonic Mean, Root Mean Square, Third Moments, Standardized Score, Coefficient of Variation,
Miscellaneous
ENGR. KRISTUFFER DARCYTH TAN PRING,
CE, MP, ME1,S02,PE, EnP
Lecturer – 2JP REVIEW CENTER
Bicol University 1
 STATISTICS
Science of collecting, organizing, analyzing and interpreting
data in order to make decisions.
 Two Types of Data
Population vs Sanple

Qualitative vs Quantitative

Discrete vs Continuous
 Measure of Central Tendency
Any measure indicating the center of a set of data, arranged in
an increasing or decreasing order of magnitude. The most
commonly used measures of central tendency are the mean,
median and mode.
 Mean
Population Mean-If the set of data x1, x2, xN, not necessarily all
distinct, represents a finite population of size N, then the
population mean is:

Sample Mean- If the set of data x1, x2, xN, not necessarily all
distinct, represents a finite sample of size n, then the
population mean is:

Arithmetic Average of Data

 Median
The median is the middle score for a set of data that has been
arranged in order of magnitude.

The middle value of an odd number of observations arranged in

an increasing or decreasing order of magnitude.

Arithmetic mean of two middle values when the number of

observations is even.
 Mode

The value which occurs most often or with the greatest

frequency.
 Measure of Variation
Measure of how the observations spread from the average. The
range and the variance are the two most important measures
of variation.

It represents the amount of dispersion in a dataset. measures

of variability define how far away the data points tend to fall
from the center
 Range
The difference between the largest and the smallest number in
the set.
 Interquartile Range
The difference between the 3rd and 1st Quartiles
 Population Variance
Given the finite population x1, x2, … xN, the population
variance is:
 Sample Variance
Given random sample x1, x2, xn, the sample variance is:
 Standard Deviation
square root of the Variance
 Measure of Position
Measures of position give a range where a certain percentage of
the data fall.
a) Quartiles b) Percentiles c) Median d) Deciles
 Individuals
- The people or objects included in the study
 Variable
Characteristic of the individual to be measured or observed. It
is either quantitative or qualitative in nature
 Population Data
The data are from every individual of interest; consist of the
totality of the observations

C
 Sample Data
- The data are from only some of the individuals of interest;
subset of the population

C
 Statistical Method
- Provide tools to obtain information from data. These methods
have 2 branches: descriptive statistics and inferential
statistics

C
 Descriptive Statistics
- Involves methods of organizing, picturing and summarizing
information from samples or populations
 Inferential Statistics
Involves methods of using information from a sample to draw
conclusions regarding the population
An array of numbers is given. 3, 5, 2, 6, 5, 9, 5, 2, 8, 6.

Find the mean. (5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3)

Find the median. (2, 3, 4, 5)
Find the mode. (6, 5, 4, 3)
Find the range.
Find the arithmetic mean.
Find the geometric mean.
Find the harmonic mean.
Find the quadratic mean.
Find the root mean square.
The number of votes for a specific electoral party for a random
sample of 15 provinces were recorded as follows: 2, 1, 3, 0, 1,
3, 6, 0, 3, 3, 5, 2, 1, 4 and 2. Determine:

Mean
Median
Mode
The following scores were given by the 6 judges for a
gymnast’s performance in the vault of an international
competition: 7, 5, 9, 7, 8 and 6. Find the standard deviation.
The average score of 20 students in a class is 92. Then, 10
students from another class having an average score of 86
joins. What will be the new average score of the class now?
 Empirical Formula
If the median (Md) is 57.22 and the mean (M) is 55.78, find the
mode (Mo) by using the empirical formula M-Mo = 3 (M-Md).

a. 30.10 b. 40.10 c. 50.10 d. 60.10

 Average Mean Deviation
For a sample which consists of the values 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65
the average mean deviation is
a. 5 b. 4 c. 6 d. 7
 Summation
If ∑x^2 = 38, ∑y^2 = 26 and ∑xy = -23, find ∑(x+y)^2.
a. 18 b. 16 c. 15 d. 17

A
 Summation
Evaluate ∑ (i^2 − 1) by using the i =0 to i=3
summation formulas.
a. 10 b. 11 c. 12 d. 13

A
 Summation
If the variable x assumes the values 1, 3 and 5 while those of
the variable y are 2, 4 and 6, calculate the value of ∑(x^2 y).
a. 184 b. 188 c. 187 d. 186

A
 Geometric Mean
Find the geometric mean of 2, 3, 3, 5, 7 and 8.
a. 4.121 b. 4.131 c. 4.141 d. 4.151
 Harmonic Mean
Find the harmonic mean of 2, 3, 3, 5, 7 and 8.
a. 3.761 b. 3.671 c. 3.176 d. 3.167
 Harmonic Mean
Three towns A, B and C are equidistant from each other. A car
travels from A to B at 40 kph, from B to C at 50 kph and from
C to A at 60 kph. Determine the average speed for the entire
trip.

a. 44.65 kph b. 46.65 kph c. 48.65 kph d. 59.65 kph

 Harmonic Mean
Three towns A, B and C are equidistant from each other. A car
travels from A to B at 40 kph, from B to C at 50 kph and from
C to A at 60 kph. Determine the average speed for the entire
trip. (Hint: the average speed is equal to the harmonic mean
of the given speeds.)

a. 44.65 kph b. 46.65 kph c. 48.65 kph d. 59.65 kph

 Standard Deviation
In an electric company, the probability of passing an IQ test is
0.75. If ten applicants took the test, what is the theoretical
standard deviation of the group?

a. 1.57 b. 1.47 c. 1.37 d. 1.27

 Standard Deviation
In an electric company, the probability of passing an IQ test is
0.75. If ten applicants took the test, what is the theoretical
standard deviation of the group?

a. 1.57 b. 1.47 c. 1.37 d. 1.27

 Standard Deviation
If the standard probability of a defective bolt is 0.10, Find the
standard deviation of defective bolts in a total of 500 bolts.

a. 6.71 b. 7.61 c. 5.71 d. 6.17

 Standard Deviation
Compute the standard deviation for binomial distribution in
which out of 60 bolts, 42 bolts are found to be defective.

a. 3.5496 b. 3.6549 c. 3.4596 d. 3.9546

Standard Deviation
 Mean
A Student has test scores of 72, 80, 65, 78, and 60. If the final
exam counts as one-third of the final grade, what score must
the student receive in order to to have a final average of 76?
 Mean
A student has test scores of 75, 83 and 78. The final test
counts half the total grade. What must be the
minimum (integer) score of the final test so that the average
is 80?

a. 83 b. 82 c. 84 d. 81
 Mean
Out of 50 numbers, 8 were 10’s, 12 were 7’s, 15 were 16’s, 10
were 9’s and the remainder were 15’s. Find the mean.

a. 13.38 b. 10.38 c. 11.38 d. 12.38

 Mean
In a company, the mean earnings per hour is P180. If the mean
earning paid to male and female employees were P200 and
P150 respectively, determine the percentage of males
employed by the company.

a. 50% b. 55%
c. 60% d. 65%
 Standardized Score
On the final examination in Algebra, Juan was informed that he
received a standard score of 1.4. If the standard deviation of
the examination grades is 10 and the mean is 72, find the
examination grade of Juan.

a. 85 b. 86 c. 84 d. 83
 Standardized Score
Joey took examinations in algebra, physics, chemistry and
English and scored 84, 79, 88 and 93 respectively. If the mean
grade in algebra is 80, in physics 75, in chemistry 85 and in
English 90 and if the standard deviations are 8, 6, 4 and 5 in
algebra, physics, chemistry and english respectively, in which
subject was his relative standing higher? Hint: Calculate the
standard grade corresponding to each subject and compare.

a. Algebra b. Physics c. Chemistry d. English

 Standardized Score
Two students A and B were informed that they received
standard scores of 2.6 and –0.8 respectively on the final
examinations in Physics. If their examination grades were
83 and 62 respectively, find the standard deviation of the
examination grades.

a. 15 b. 13 c. 11 d. 9
 Root Mean Square
Determine the root mean square (RMS) of the numbers 2.7, 3.2,
and 4.3.
a. 3.2 b. 2.55 c. 3.47 d. 4.55
 Root Mean Square
If the variance of a sample is 15.13 and its arithmetic mean is
19.2, find the root mean square.

a. 11.26 b. 19.59
c. 13.24 d. 10.36
 Root Mean Square
If the variance of a sample is 15.13 and its arithmetic mean is
19.2, find the root mean square.

a. 11.26 b. 19.59
c. 13.24 d. 10.36
 Class Interval Size
If the class marks in a frequency table distribution of the
weights of the students are 128, 137, 146, 155, 164, 173, and
182 pounds. Find the class interval size.
a.8
b.9
c.10
d.11
 Range
What would be the range of the following array of numbers?
12, 56, 42, 21, 5, 18, 10, 3, 61, 34, 65 and 24.
a.62
b. 60
c. 58
d. 56
 Third Moments
Find the third moments of the set: 2, 3, 7, 8, 10
378
412
50
112
 Third Moments

Find the third moments about the mean of the set: 2, 3, 7, 8, 10

-3.6
3.6
-7.2
7.2
 Quartile
Find the first quartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11.
Find the second quartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11.
Find the third quartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11.
Find the interquartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11.
Quartile, Decile, Percentile
Quartile
 Quartile
Find the first quartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11.
Find the second quartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11.
Find the third quartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11.
Find the interquartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11.
 Quartile
Find the first quartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11,13
Find the second quartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8,11,13
Find the third quartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11,13
Find the interquartile of the set of numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8, 11,13
Decile
 Decile
Given the series 3,5, 7, 4 6,2 and 9.

Calculate the 2nd and 4th decile.

 Decile
Given the series 3,5, 7, 4 6,2 and 9.
D₂
Here n = 7
2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9.
D₂ = value of 2[(n+1)/10]th item.
= value of 2x[(7+1)/10]th item
= value of 1.6th item.
= 1st value + 0.6 of the distance between 1st and
2nd value
= 2 + 0.6(3-2)
D₂ = 2.6
 Decile
Given the series 3,5, 7, 4 6,2 and 9.
D₄
Here n = 7
2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9.
Here n = 7
D₄ = value of 4[(7+1)/10]th item
= value of 4 x 8/10 th item.
= value of 3.2 th item
= 3rd value + 0.2 of the distance between 3rd
and 4th value
= 4 + 0.2(5-4)
= 4.2
Percentile
 Percentile
Calculate Percentiles-20 from the following data
3,13,11,11,5,4,2
 Percentile
P20=(20(n+1)/100)th value of the observation
=(20(8/100))th value of the observation
=(1.6)th value of the observation
=1st observation +0.6[2nd-1st]
=2+0.6[3-2]
=2+0.6(1)
=2+0.6
Coefficient of Variation
 Coefficient of Variation
The attendance at four cinema halls on a given day was 200,
500, 300 and 1000. Calculate the coefficient of variation.
a 0.22
b 0.42
c 0.62
d 0.82
 Miscellaneous
A tally was made of the number of times each color of crayon
was used by a kindergarten class. Which measure of central
tendency should the teacher use to determine which color is
the favorite color of her class?
Mean
Median
Mode
None of these
 Miscellaneous
I have 5 distinct positive integers whose mean is 42. What
would have been the possible largest value of an integer in
that set?
150
200
250
Cannot be determined
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous