Project Report

On
“Prepare list of different types of bearings used in a bike and
write their specifications and basis for selection.”

Submitted to
Government Polytechnic, Amravati
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering.

Submitted by
19ME528 – Shivam S. Karale
19ME529- Shrikant C. Kedar
19ME530 –Tanmay A. Khadase
19ME532- Sarvesh S. Kinhikar
19ME533- Abhishek K. Mahurkar

Guided by
PROF. N. J. SHIRBHATE
HOD Department of Mechanical Engineering

(2021-2022)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Government Polytechnic, Amravati
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)

Certificate

This is to certify that, 19ME528 – Shivam S. Karale

19ME529 – Shrikant C. Kedar
19ME530 – Tanmay A.Khadase
19ME532 – Sarvesh S. Kinhikar
19ME533 – Abhishek K. Mahurkar
Department of Mechanical Engineering (2nd Shift) has completed
project report work of the course ME5463 - Machine Design during the
academic year 2021 - 2022 in partial fulfilment for the award of
Diploma In Mechanical Engineering under my guidance.

Date : PROF. N J SHIRBHATE

(HOD, MECH. ENGG. DEPT.)
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 Introduction

Introduction to the Bearings :

A bearing is a machine element which support another moving

element (known as journal). It permits a relative motion between the contact surfaces of
the members, while carrying the load. A little consideration will show that due to the
relative motion between the contact surfaces, a certain amount of power is wasted in
overcoming frictional resistance and if the rubbing surfaces are in direct contact, there
will be rapid wear. In order to reduce frictional resistance and wear and in some cases to
carry away the heat generated, a layer of fluid (known as lubricant) may be provided. The
lubricant used to separate the journal and bearing is usually a mineral oil refined from
petroleum, but vegetable oil, silicon oil. Greases etc, may be used.

The most common types of bearing you’ll find in a motorcycle

are ball bearings and roller bearings. Ball bearings are spherical balls in between the inner
and outer rings to reduce friction. The contact point between the balls and the rings are
very small which allows the bearing to spin freely at high RPMs.
 Bearings Used in Bike

• Deep Grove Ball Bearings.

• Angular Contact Ball Bearings.

• Self-Aligning Ball Bearings.

• Thrust Ball Bearings.

• Cylindrical Roller Bearing.

• Spherical Roller Bearings.

• Tapered Roller Bearings.

 • Deep Grove Ball Bearings.

Ball bearings are used to provide smooth, low friction motion in rotary applications. Ball
bearings are able to provide high performance and long lifetime in order to transfer the
load from the balls to the inner races. The balls have minimal contact with the inner and
outer races due to their spherical shape and this allows them to spin smoothly.

• Deep groove- Radial, or deep groove bearings, can take radial and axial loads to
varying degrees but are used when the primary load is in the radial direction. They
consist of an inner ring, an outer ring, balls and sometimes a cage to contain and
separate the balls.

Specifications
Dimensions

Important dimensions to consider when specifying bearings include:

• Bore - The bearing industry uses a standard number system for bearings with
metric diameter bores. For bore sizes 04 and up multiply by 5 to obtain the bore in
millimeters. If the bore is a hex this refers to the dimension across the flats. If the
bore is tapered this refers to the smaller diameter.
• Outside diameter - The outside diameter of the bearing includes the housing if a
housed unit, but excludes the flange if a flanged bearing. The outer ring width is the
overall width of the outside of the bearing.
• Overall width - The overall width of the bearing or bearing assembly includes the
locking collar, if present.

Operating Specifications
Important operating specifications to consider when searching for bearings
include rated speed, dynamic axial or thrust load, and dynamic radial load.

• The rated speed for a bearing running with grease lubrication is lower than a
bearing with oil lubrication.
• The dynamic axial or thrust load is the calculated constant axial load, which a
group of identical bearings with stationary outer rings can theoretically endure for a
rating life of 1 million revolutions of the inner ring.
• The dynamic radial load is the calculated constant radial load, which a group of
identical bearings with stationary outer rings can theoretically endure for a rating
life of 1 million revolutions of the inner ring
Applications

Special applications for bearings include airframe or aircraft control, aerospace,

agriculture, automotive, ball screw support, instrument or miniature, medical or dental,
military, pump, spindle or super precision, and sporting and consumer goods.

The simple design of ball bearings makes them ideal for many weight bearing
applications. Specific applications include hard drives, roller skates, rotary actuators, and
rail cars just to name a few. Ball bearings come in different sizes, are inexpensive, and
require little to no maintenance
 • Angular contact Ball Bearings

Angular contact ball bearings are designed such that a contact angle between the races and
the balls is formed when the bearing is in use. The major design characteristic of this type
of ball bearing is that one or both or the ring races have one shoulder higher than the
other. In order for these bearings to function properly, they must be assembled with a
thrust load. This loading (or preload) creates a line of contact (or contact angle) between
the inner race, the ball and the outer race. The preload can be built into the bearing or
created when the bearing is inserted into an assembly. The contact angle varies from 15°
to 40° and is measured relative to a line running perpendicular to the bearing axis.
Angular contact bearings are one-directional thrust bearings that can withstand heavy
thrust loads and moderate radial loads.
Selection criteria for Angular Contact Ball Bearings

1. Performance requirements and operating conditions.

2. Bearing type and arrangement.

3. Bearing Size

4. Operating temperature and speed.

5. Bearing Interfaces

6. Bearing Execution.
 • Self-Aligning Ball Bearings.

Self-Aligning Ball Bearings have two rows of balls, a common sphere raceway in

the outer ring and outer two deep uninterrupted raceway groves in the inner ring.

They are available open or sealed. The bearings are insensitive to angular

misalignment of the shaft relative to the housing which can be caused for example,

by shaft deflection.

Applications

Here are examples of applications in which self-aligning ball bearings might be used:

• Industrial fans
• Agriculture
• Material handling
• Food and beverage
• Pulp and pape

Basis of Selection

• Accommodate static and dynamic misalignment

The bearings are self-aligning like spherical roller bearings or CARB bearings.
• Excellent high-speed performance
Self-aligning ball bearings generate less friction than any other type of rolling
bearing, which enables them to run cooler even at high speeds.
• Minimum maintenance
Because of low heat generation, the bearing temperature is lower, leading to
extended bearing life and maintenance intervals.
• Low friction
Very loose conformity between balls and outer ring keeps friction and frictional
heat at low levels.
• Excellent light load performance
Self-aligning ball bearings have low minimum load requirements.
• Low noise
Self-aligning ball bearings can reduce noise and vibration levels, for example, in
fans.
• Thrust Ball Bearings.

Thrust bearings have rolling elements which primarily support the axial

loads of rotating devices. Several styles of bearings are available in thrust

configurations. They are designed to accommodate axial loads and must not

be subjected to any radial load.

Applications

Here are ex. Of applications in which thrust ball bearings might be used

• Industrial Fans

• Industrial Pump

• Metals

• Industrial transmissions

• Mining, mineral processing and cement.

•
Basis of selection

1. Performance requirements and operating conditions

2. Bearing type and arrangement

3. Bearing size

4. Lubrication

5. Operating Temperature and speed

6. Bearing interfaces

7. Bearing Execution

8. Sealing, Mounting and dismounting

• Cylindrical Roller Bearing.

Roller bearings are used to replace sliding movement with low friction,

rolling motion in rotary applications. The principal types of roller bearings

are cylindrical, spherical, and tapered. In general, roller bearings offer

higher load capacities then ball bearings of the same size.

Cylindrical Roller Bearing- Have high radial load capacity and

moderate thrust loads. They contain rollers which are cylindrically-shaped,

but crowned or end-relived to reduce stress concentrations. Cylindrical

roller bearings are similar in design to needle roller bearings are similar in

design to needle roller bearings but the dimensions of diameter and roller

length are closer in magnitude.

• Specification

Key specifications for roller bearings include dimensions, rated speed abd

various rated load types.

 • Dimensions
Important dimensions to consider when specifying bearings include:

Bore - The bearing industry uses a standard number system for radial bearings with metric
diameter bores. For bore sizes 04 and up multiply by 5 to obtain the bore in millimeters. If
the bore is a hex this refers to the dimension across the flats. If the bore is tapered this
refers to the smaller diameter.

Outside diameter - The outside diameter of the bearing includes the housing if a housed
unit, but excludes the flange if a flanged bearing. The outer ring width is the overall width
of the outside of the bearing.

Overall width - The overall width of the bearing or bearing assembly includes the locking
collar, if present.

• Operating Specifications
Important operating specifications to consider when searching for bearings include rated
speed, dynamic axial or thrust load, and dynamic radial load.

• The rated speed for a bearing running with grease lubrication is lower than a
bearing with oil lubrication.

• The static axial or thrust load is the maximum load a bearing can endure
parallel to the axis of rotation without excessive, permanent deformation.
• The static radial load is the maximum radial load a bearing can endure
without excessive permanent deformation.
• The dynamic axial or thrust load is the calculated constant axial load, which
a group of identical bearings with stationary outer rings can theoretically
endure for a rating life of 1 million revolutions of the inner ring.
• The dynamic radial load is the calculated constant radial load, which a
group of identical bearings with stationary outer rings can theoretically
endure for a rating life of 1 million revolutions of the inner ring.
 • Spherical Roller Bearings.

Specification

• Spherical roller bearings comprising barrel-shaped

• With the bearing designed such that the circular arc Center of the outer ring
raceway matches with the Bearing center, the bearing is self-aligning,
insensitive To errors of alignment of the shaft relative to the hous-Ing, and to
shaft bending.

• This type can accommodate radial load and axial load In both directions,
which makes it especially suitable For applications in which heavy load or
impact load is Applied.

• The tapered bore type can be easily mounted/ Dismounted by using an adapter
or withdrawal Sleeve.

• Lubrication holes, a lubrication groove and anti-Rotation pin hole can be

provided on the outer Ring. Lubrication holes and a lubrication groove Can be
provided on the inner ring, too.

Basis Of selection

Since various types of load are applied to bearings, load magnitude, types (radial or axial)
and direction of application (both directions or single direction in the case of axial load),as
well as vibration and impact must be considered in order to select the proper bearing.
 Tapered roller bearings

Specifications:-

1. Tapered rollers assembled in the bearings are Guided by the inner ring back face
rib.

2. The raceway surfaces of inner ring and outer ring And the rolling contact surface
of rollers are Designed so that the respective apexes converge at A point on the
bearing center line.

3. Single-row bearings can accommodate radial load And axial load in one direction,
and double-row bearings can accommodate radial load and axial load in
Both directions.

4. This type of bearing is suitable for use under heavy Load or impact load.

Basis Of selection

Since various types of load are applied to bearings, load magnitude, types (radial or axial)
and direction of application (both directions or single direction in the case of axial load),as
well as vibration and impact must be considered in order to select the proper bearing.
Conclusion:-

In this way we are able to study various bearings used in the bikes. we have
studied the bearings used in various places such as in Bearings perform
the function of preventing damage from being done by this force to the part that
supports the rotation, and also of maintaining the correct position of the rotating
shaft. These all parts of bearings are necessary for the human comfort therefore
we should design and fabricate these part with consideration of all the respective
loads and stresses induced.
 References

1) Wikipedia

2) Machine design by R S Khurmi Eurasia Publishing House (Pvt.) Ltd.

Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055

3) https://koyo.jtekt.co.jp/en/support/bearing-knowledge/3-0000.html