Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

JONATHAN W. GANTANG
TEACHER III

JANE P. VALENCIA, EdD

Topic: Rational Functions, Equations and Inequalities
Learning Competency: Distinguish among rational functions, rational equations and
rational inequalities.
Subtask: Determine whether the given is a rational function, a rational equation, or a
rational inequality.

Alakazam!
Hey! Hey!, Hey!
Don’t be afraid, I’m
here to help you. Now tell me
I can see that there is what’s bothering
something bothering you, don’t be
you! afraid!

Okay! I think I can help you

with that!
To start, kindly read the
concepts below
Alakazam!

DEFINITION
A rational expression is an expression that can be written as a ratio of two polynomials.

EXAMPLES
2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 5 𝑥−1 5𝑥
𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑥−3 2𝑥 + 3 4

RATIONAL EQUATION RATIONAL INEQUALITY RATIONAL FUNCTION

A function of the form

𝑝(𝑥)
An equation involving 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑞(𝑥) ,where p (x)
An inequality involving
rational expression rational expression and q(x) are polynomial
functions and g(x) is not
the zero function
(i.e., q(x) ≠ 0)

EXAMPLES EXAMPLES EXAMPLES

2 3 1 𝑥+1 3 5 2 4𝑥 + 1 1 3𝑥 + 5 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3
𝑓 𝑥 = ,𝑓 𝑥 =
− = , = ≤ , > 2𝑥 − 4 𝑥+1
𝑥 2𝑥 5 2𝑥 4 𝑥−3 𝑥 3 𝑥

A rational equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the equation or
inequality. A rational function expresses a relationship between two variables (such as x
and y), and can be represented by a table of values or a graph.
 Alakazam!
Try the following so that
you can practice what
you have read a
while ago.

Determine whether the given is a rational function, rational equation,

rational inequality or none of them

1 6

𝑥+5 2 𝑥−2=8
=
𝑥−3 3

2 7

𝑥 ≤ 𝑥+4 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 3

3
8

2𝑥 + 1 1 3
𝑓 𝑥 = <
𝑥−1 𝑥 2𝑥 + 1

4 9

2𝑥 5 𝑥+1
≥ = 𝑥2
3 𝑥+1 𝑥−1

5 10

𝑥 3 3𝑥 3 − 4 𝑥 + 1
= 𝑔 𝑥 =
5 2𝑥 − 1 𝑥2 − 1
 Alakazam!
How about this
activity!
Try it!

LIGHT THE STARS!

Identify what type of expression is in the rectangle then color the stars using
their designated colors below.

RATIONAL RATIONAL
GREEN FUNCTION
A YELLOW EQUATION

RATIONAL
PINK INEQUALITY

1 2 3

1 1 1 1
≤7 𝑓 𝑥 = =
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 5−𝑥

4 5 6

𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5 𝑥+2 𝑥2 1
𝑔 𝑥 = >0 =
𝑥+3 𝑥−3 𝑥+1 𝑥+1

7 8

5 𝑥+3
<0 𝑦=
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3

9 10

4 3𝑥 − 5
𝑥 + = −5 ≥4
𝑥 𝑥−5
 Alakazam!
You’re doing great!
Let’s have more!

Determine whether the given is a rational function, a rational equation, a

rational inequality or none of these.

1 3 1
= −
4 𝑥 2

1. _______________________

2𝑥 − 5 2𝑥 − 3
≤4 −2>0
𝑥−5 𝑥−3
𝑥+1
𝑓 𝑥 = 2
5. _______________________
𝑥 −9 2. _______________________

6. ______________________

𝑥 𝑥−3 1
𝑓 𝑥 = =
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 5

4. _______________________ 3. _______________________
 Alakazam!
Congratulations! Now you are very
happy! To further sharpen your
mind, kindly read the following
for your reference!
Alakazam!

o A rational expression is an expression that can be written as a ratio of two

polynomials.
o A rational equation is an equation involving rational expression
o A rational inequality is an inequality involving rational expression
𝑝(𝑥)
o A rational function is a function of the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑞(𝑥) ,where p (x) and q(x) are
polynomial functions and g(x) is not the zero function (i.e., q( x) ≠ 0).
o A rational equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the
equation or inequality. A rational function expresses a relationship between two
variable (such as x and y), and can be represented by a table of values or a graph

REFERENCES

o General Mathematics Learner’s Material pages 24-25

o General Mathematics by Orlando A. Oronce pages 71-85
o https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/54043264254935676/
o https://www.vexels.com/png-svg/preview/157518/pile-of-books-vector
o http://gclipart.com/star-clipart-black-and-white_28396/
o https://www.pixtastock.com/illustration/33038511

ACTIVITY CARD ASSESSMENT CARD ENRICHMENT CARD

1. Rational Equation 1. 6.
2. None of These 1. Rational Equation
3. Rational Function 2. 7. 2. Rational Inequality
4. Rational Inequality 3. Rational Equation
5. Rational Equation 3. 8. 4. None of These
6. None of These 5. Rational Inequality
7. Rational Function 4. 9. 6. Rational Function
8. Rational Inequality
9. Rational Equation 5. 10.
10. None of These