Published 01 October 2020

EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA Y DEPORTES https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2020/4).142.07

ISSUE 142
55

Training in Team Sports: Optimising

SPORTS TRAINING
EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA Y DEPORTES

Training at FCB
142

Edu Pons Alcalá1  EP   , Andrés Martin Garcia2 AM   Marc Guitart Trench2 MT
  ,
Isaac Guerrero Hernández3  IG   , Joan Ramón Tarragó i Costa4 JC   ,
4.º trimestre (octubre-diciembre) 2020

Francisco Seirul·lo Vargas5 FV   & Francesc Cos Morera6* FC  

ISSN: 2014-0983

1
 First team physical trainer Futbol Club Barcelona
2
 Physical trainer Futbol Club Barcelona
3
 Assistant Methodology Director Futbol Club Barcelona
4
 Performance Manager Futbol Club Barcelona
5
 Methodology Director FC Barcelona
OPEN  ACCESS 6
 Performance and Health Manager New York City Football Club (NYCFC).(Performance and Health Manager
NYCFC). Physical trainer FC Barcelona 2004-2018. Lecturer INEFC Barcelona

Cite this article

Pons, E., Martín-Garcia, A., Guitart, M., Guerrero, I., Tarragó, J.R., Seirul·lo, F., Cos, F. (2020). Training in
Team Sports: Optimising Training at FCB. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 142, 55-66. https://doi.
org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2020/4).142.07

Editor: Abstract
© Generalitat de Catalunya
Departament de la Presidència In the pursuit of sporting success, the main objectives in top-level sport include winning
Institut Nacional d’Educació and improving results. The sport sciences constantly strive to apply new training
Física de Catalunya (INEFC)
methodologies and systems to enhance and maintain the performance of sportsmen
ISSN: 2014-0983 and women. Team sports involve competitions held over long periods of time and also
subject the athlete to high competitive stress. They therefore call for methods tailored
*Corresponding author:
to their specific features. The methodology called structured training is organised into
Francesc Cos Morera
cosfrancesc@gmail.com two areas of action: coadjuvant and optimiser. This article expounds the foundations
and the main facets of optimiser training. This publication is part of a set of three articles
Section:
that explain the basics of the structured training method.
Sports Training

Original language:
Catalan
Keyword: performance, physical abilities, structured training, coadjuvant training,
Received: methodology.
5 March 2020
Accepted:
15 June 2020
Published:
1 October 2020

Cover:
New Olimpic Sports for
Tokyo 2020. Climbing.
Photo: Climbing. Asian Games
2018. Women's combined final.
Competes Kim Ja-in from South
Korea. Climbing leader.
JSC Sport Climbing.
Palembang, Indonesia.
REUTERS / Edgar Su.

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E. Pons, et al
Introduction
Over the years, the improvement of sports performance
in training has prompted the emergence of a number of
methodological currents whose common denominator is
sporting success. The advent of new theories brought a new
training paradigm called structured training (ST), which
pursues the all-round development of the sportsman or
woman (Tarragó et al., 2019; Seirul·lo, cited by Ribera,
2009). This methodological trend has been innovative in
team sports and is particularly relevant for football. Based
on the principle that sport-specific training produces better
performance adjustments, one of the objectives is to design
training tasks which replicate the context and conditions
of competition in order to achieve the best possible opti-
misation of the human athlete’s (HA) different structures
(Pinder et al., 2011; Tarragó et al., 2019). Figure 1 shows
the structures that comprise ST.
In recent decades, FC Barcelona has developed a train-
ing methodology for team sports anchored in what is called
structured training (ST) (Seirul·lo, 1987; Tarragó et al.,
2019), in turn rooted in an interest in the HA: “women
and men who are involved in a game/sport who share
with others a common interest in winning and in besting
opponents to obtain compensation for the effort and ded-
ication required by this objective” (Tarragó et al., 2019).
Figure 1
Structures that conform the human athlete (HA) in structured training.
COGNITIVE
COORDINATIVE
DISSIPATIVE
BIO-ENERGETIC
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Training in Team Sports: Optimising Training at FCB
SPORTS TRAINING
ST is organised on the basis of two paradigms or areas
of action, known as optimiser training (OT) and coadju-
vant training (CT) (Gómez, et al., 2019), two types of
complementary training derived from the theory of com-
plex non-linear dynamic systems (Hristovski et al., 2011;
Balagué et al., 2014). From this new standpoint, training
constitutes a single process of optimisation of the athlete,
i.e. the individual is at the centre and it is therefore he or
she who has the capacity to optimise their potential resources
(Sánchez & Uriondo, 2012), which entails imbuing practices
with a non-linear concept based on self-organisation and
variability (Guerrero & Damunt, 2019).
The purpose of this article is to describe the key prin-
ciples and aspects of OT as one of the two areas of action,
together with coadjuvant training (Gómez et al., 2019) for
HAs (Tarragó et al., 2019a) developed for team sports at
FC Barcelona (FCB).
Optimiser training
Optimiser training (OT) is “training that includes the plan-
ning, design, execution and control of the tasks of the sport
in question and whose objective is the HA’s performance
in all the competitions in which they participate throughout
their sporting life” (Romero & Tous, 2010, foreword by
CONDITIONAL
SOCIO-AFFECTIVE
EMOTIONAL-VOLITIONAL
CREATIVE-EXPRESSIVE
THE PLAYER MENTAL
INTERACTS
WITH THE
STRUCTURES
2020, n.º 142. 4th Quarter (October-December), pp. 55-66 56
E. Pons, et al
Seirul·lo, paragraph 1); “We could say that this training
essentially prepares HAs to compete and therefore requires
training tasks to be performed in an environment and with
elements that are specific to the game” (Tarragó et al.,
2019, pp. 105-106), and it is performed primarily on the
training ground or court.
Through practice, OT seeks to stimulate and develop
the HA’s capacities through their structures consistently
with their level of development and physical-cognitive
maturation, while also taking positional specificity, chrono-
logical timing and the features which define the athlete into
consideration. OT respects self-structuring and proposes
various training tasks and stimuli in an appropriate way,
thus consolidating the evolution of the HA and their optimal
readiness for competition.
Preferential simulation situations
By using preferential simulation situations (PSSs), OT
makes it possible to generate practical proposals that inter-
act with and approach the sport being played. PSSs are
about generating events and sets of situations conducive
to a state of action and response in a created environment
which encourages the imitation of behaviours that simulate
the game/sport and preferentially impact the HA’s dif-
ferent constituent structures. This preference is achieved
through the purpose of the task, which in turn is guided
by means of rules, spaces and the number of participating
players, which are variable and are tailored to suit the
objective. These situations will be defined and extracted
by the coaching staff and each player through the analysis
and interpretation of the real game (Tarragó et al., 2019).
Given that the objective and foundations of ST are
to measure the HA (Arjol, 2012), its practical approach
delivers a high level of interaction in the competition of the
sport in question. In this context, OT involves an exchange,
cooperation and synergy between all the systems that con-
stitute the HA’s structures, thereby fostering a different
functional capacity which none of these structures separately
possesses. This self-organisation corresponds to complex
systems’ capacity to spontaneously form organisational
patterns in the absence of information which imposes order.
OT is therefore arranged in micro-structural units by the
PSSs (Seirul·lo, cited by Ribera, 2009) and constitutes a
specific and differential training practice for team sports.
Using these PSSs, the design of practice situations which
are as close as possible to the reality of the game and its
internal logic will be examined. This involves generating
tasks in which the players have to resolve different situations
continually, generating both voluntary and involuntary
responses facilitated by extensive practice.
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Training in Team Sports: Optimising Training at FCB
SPORTS TRAINING
The term “simulation situation” refers to the reproduc-
tion of experiences and interactions of game events. The
term “preferential situation” suggests the emphasis on or
intention to optimise some of the HA’s structures. This
preference yields a practical situation conceived to accom-
plish the objective of the session through highly-varied
interactions with systems of other synergetic structures.
HAs’ characteristics and abilities will inform their
training process whilst permitting the development of the
structures being challenged by the PSSs. OT involves
interactivity, cooperation and partnership between all the
systems that make up the HAs' structures. The PSSs will
therefore be optimising for the HA and must be presented
through global tasks executed preferably in groups and
not for the purpose of learning/interpreting the exercise
but rather the “game” (Seirul·lo, 2015). In this way, the
athlete will be encouraged to focus on the dynamics of
the “game” rather than on the rules involved in the task
or the instructions of the coaching staff, thereby avoiding
not only “playing according to the rules” but also “playing
in the content”, thus fostering “playing in the context”
(Guerrero & Damunt, 2019).
Each PSS calls for the involvement of the HA’s dif-
ferent systems or structures which the coach will have to
identify. Each player has to bring into play the systems
that best respond to the situation created based on their
own lifelong self-organisation process. Each HA will deal
with this by optimising in a distinct way. OT is about not
restricting the exchange of practice with the HA by making
it easier to identify basic specific sources of information,
such as the determination of the conditional characteristics
of the dominant leg, preferential co-ordination patterns
in shooting, preferred communication channels, etc., but
rather encourages pursuing the attainment of a higher hier-
archical level of cognition, relating this intervention to the
player's hypercomplexity, for example by addressing the
socio-affective dimension, helping them to identify pref-
erential relationships when sharing a mutual intervention/
assistance space with a particular teammate.
In recent years, the growing interest in studying the
complexity of living organisms and their self-organisation
has led to non-linear approaches to learning. It would
appear that repeating tasks under the same conditions of
practice does not produce the necessary “fluctuations” in
the systems involved in order to change their state. Instead,
models based on the approach of “constantly changing
tasks” through a “variation” in the execution conditions
would yield the disruptions required to lead to a change of
functionality in the systems involved (Schöllhorn, et al.,
2012; Balagué et al., 2014). With introjection and feedback,
all the structures that make up the HA can be optimised,
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E. Pons, et al
provided that this is done in “repetitions and variations”
(Schöllhorn et al., 2015). Consequently, variability and
specificity in the stimuli must be prioritised so that the HA
can manage them, taking the HA as both a means and an
end (Tarragó et al., 2019).
Several authors have classified PSSs by determining a
task organisation based on different levels of approaching,
specificity and/or concreteness (Moras, 1994; Schelling
& Torres-Ronda, 2016; Seirul·lo, 2009). Seirul·lo (1998)
classifies strength exercises according to their orientation
and level of approach to competition, categorising them as
general, targeted, special and competitive. This relationship
with specificity in OT is established through the nature
of the PSSs, distinguishing them by their general orienta-
tion: the nature and organisation of the PSS are similar to
those of competition, albeit with a low specific cognitive
load; targeted orientation: the nature and organisation of
the PSS are similar to competition. This includes specific
coordinated actions with non-specific decision-making with
a special orientation: the nature and organisation of the PSS
are similar to competition with specific decision-making;
and competitive orientation: the nature and organisation of
the PSS are the same as competition with totally specific
decision-making (Solé, 2006).
Conjectures in the preparation of PSSs in OT
PSSs conform the training sessions of the training cycle,
which in turn represents the functional unit of ST organisa-
tion. This functional unit is called the structured micro-cy-
cle (SM) and manages the cycle between matches. Each
micro-cycle interacts with the previous and the following
micro-cycle to form sequences of three micro-cycles. Dynam-
ics are established between them in the form of functional
relationships between the PSSs of each training day that
make up the SM. These relationships are brought about by
valid “conjectures” in the configuration of the ST (Seirul·-
lo, 2015). They are the concepts and assertions supported
by signs, observations, symptoms and opinions extracted
from the practice of the OT, once it has been accepted and
understood that its validity is shaped by the knowledge
contributed by the complexity sciences (Arjol, 2012).
The conjectures that determine the preparation of the
PSSs are:
Time efficiency conjecture: defined as the time it takes
for a PSS to induce the intended optimising effect on the
HA, known as the “shift effect”. As the time available in
the training sessions is limited, each action is designed to
foster efficiency and quality in effort management.
Synergistic conjecture: this refers to the effect achieved
by the combination of actions. These synergetic effects
are produced between the components of successive PSSs
performed in the same session (synchronously) and also
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Training in Team Sports: Optimising Training at FCB
SPORTS TRAINING
across successive sessions (diachronically) within the SM.
When a change is sought in the HA, one also talks about the
intersystemic effect, to with a system open to the outside
world through projection and introjection mechanisms. It
is precisely this form of relationship that is called inter-
systemic when any optimising effect of a system expands
its change to other systems of the high structures involved
simultaneously.
Suitability conjecture: this refers to the aptitude, good
predisposition or capacity that someone has for a specific,
adequate and appropriate purpose. The PSSs should be
presented in a suitable way to achieve the improvement
of the HA in terms of the game’s demands. When gener-
ating the PSSs it is crucial to identify what is specific and
unique to the speciality in which the training is performed
in order to understand it in all its entirety and complexity.
Hologrammatic conjecture: this configures the PSSs
in OT. It is defined as perceptive capacity (from mind
to consciousness) with the ability to capture and gather
information that is present, is produced or may be produced
during the game. In OT there need to be PSSs where the
HA captures and recognises all the situations addressed to
acquire them in order to be able to cope with the complexity
of the game as efficiently as possible. Figure 2 shows the
situations that shape the production of PSSs.
Figure 2
Conjectures that bring about a change in the HA.
TIME
EFFICIENCY
HOLOGRAMMATIC SYNERGETIC
CONJECTURES
SUITABILITY INTERSYSTEMIC
Preferential simulation situations
Situation
The PSSs are located in a context that sets up action
and response in a game/sport environment comprised of
all the elements involved: the athlete, their teammates,
opponents, the moment when the action is created, etc.
(Balagué et al., 2014). The tasks are global, in groups, and
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E. Pons, et al
various time sequences are proposed which are integrated
into the complex context of the game (Pol, 2014).
Another key aspect is the specificity of the PSSs used
in training. The concept of “specificity” refers to the kind
of elements that are specific to a given sports speciality as
well as to a specific situational sensitivity on the part of
the player as the “own micro-environment” of this game/
sport during competition (Tarragó et al., 2019). Drawing
on the ST proposal, competition is the event in which all
the structures of the HA are most intensively activated,
hence the PSSs with the greatest number of stimulated
structures within an environment similar to the actual game
will have greater specificity.
In recent years there has been growing interest in the
complexity of nature and change, which are based on a
non-linear understanding of causality, whereby small causes
can generate major effects and vice versa (Moras et al.,
2018; Tarrago et al., 2019). The PSSs addressed under
these criteria not only maintain their essential nature for
learning but also become more attractive in practice due
to the constant challenge they pose to the HA.
Variability as the basis of OT is the ability to change
training conditions to trigger new response learnings so
that through these variations the athlete has to adapt their
performance and establish new parameters for speed, path,
strength, etc. (Schmidt, et al., 2018). This learning is there-
fore another characteristic element based on the constant
resolution of new and varied situations without losing its
appearance or preferential objective (Hristovski, et al.,
2011). The repetition of specific disturbances typical of the
game and of “our game” should be facilitated and can be
modified by reducing the degrees of freedom and by means
of conditioning and/or constraints (facilitating contexts
rather than simplifying them), albeit by means of variable
execution. As a complex dynamic system, the player will
constantly find themselves in changing contexts to which
they will have to adapt continuously. This means the motor
behaviour or action to be optimised will not be inflexible
and nor will it attempt to follow a pre-established model
(Guerrero & Damunt, 2019) while reducing the inherently
harmful rate of repetitive practices and increasing the asso-
ciated creativity. “Adaptability as a product of variability
is closely tied to creativity” (Orth et al., 2017).
Simulator
The “simulator” concept refers to the need to use
the practical proposal to reproduce the elements typical
of the game and which reproduce competition and its
specific demands (Balagué et al., 2014). The qualitative
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SPORTS TRAINING
orientation of the proposed exercises should be borne in
mind in order to convey information that can be iden-
tified as having significant value and efficiency for the
self-optimisation of the HA (Pol, 2014). The impact on
top-level team sports players is usually high.
The use of simulator situations makes it possible to
generate exercises of varying specificity or approaching
level to the demand (Schelling & Torres-Ronda, 2016),
which is related to the planning and control of the PSSs;
an adaptation of the load throughout the season helps to
plan and generate sequences based on the coach’s needs.
Preferential
The “preferential” concept refers to managing the
elements of the PSSs in order to distinguish a structure
that conforms the HA in the context of OT. This prior-
ity leads to a practical situation intended to achieve the
objective of the session, i.e. to afford preference/priority
to one or more specific structures. This does not mean
that this preferential structure rules out any relationship
with the others, since the great variety of the game allows
interrelationships (Pol, 2014).
It is essential to view the PSSs as a differentiated source
of requirements so that even if the same task is proposed
for a group of players it does not involve the same level
of demands on each one of them; levels of demands have
to be adjusted to suit the HA’s configuration/shape, bear-
ing in mind specific modifications tailored to individual
needs to enable better self-optimisation of each player.
Specific qualities of OT
The distinctive behaviour of each type of sport is
determined by the inherent characteristics of the sport/
game in question (Seirul·lo, 1998). When consider-
ing specific qualities (SQ), a complex relationship is
established between the HA’s systems which is carried
out with movement, through the application of muscle
strength. “Strength” means the basic physical quality
from which the other qualities are expressed since it is
the generator of movement.
OT of the SQs is based on a methodological proposal
adapted from Moras (1994), Seirul·lo (1998), Schelling
and Torres-Ronda (2016) and Gómez et al. (2019),
proposing a breakdown of the game into work areas,
contents and alternative training of these contents in
accordance with their orientation and the approaching
levels that can be attained by promoting each player’s
technical execution levels (Gómez et al., 2019).
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E. Pons, et al
The “work areas” are determined by the four specific
expressions of strength required in football and team
sports in general: displacement, jump, fight and ball
action strength, as depicted in Figure 3 (Gómez et al.,
2019; modified from Schelling & Torres-Ronda, 2016).
The PSS proposal in OT includes all the HA’s struc-
tures, conditioned by the interpretation of the game
and the rules of the sports speciality that determine
the dominant motor skills and the interactions between
teammates, opponents and the environment (Seirul·lo,
1998); all these aspects are strongly influenced by the
methodological proposal and the game model implemented
by the coaching staff.
The integration of technology into the dynamics of
professional teams has made it possible to accurately
ascertain conditional characteristics by studying the
external and internal load experienced by athletes through-
out training and competition (Castellano et al., 2011).
Examples include geolocation systems known by the
EPTS (Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems)
initialism and the semi-automatic, multiple-camera Sys-
tem Technology (VID) tracking systems used in games
in La Liga, the Champions League and other competi-
tions. These technological systems make it possible to
monitor the actions of the game and to track load based
on different conditional variables, thereby simplifying
the planning of training units and PSS design. The most
recent evolutionary studies of competitive analysis show
a significant increase in external load due to high-inten-
sity actions (metres covered at high intensity, number of
accelerations, etc.). The relevant information gathered
allows objective and efficient action to be taken through
OT in response to the needs of the sportsperson vis-à-
vis competition. The use of this technology allows the
description of the SQs and their behaviour in OT. In
line with the suggestion made by Gómez et al., (2019),
the expression of strength in all SQs as part of OT and
the degree of presence in the performance of sports in
shared spaces are presented below (Figures 4,5,6 and 7).
Figure 3
Specific qualities in OT.
Specific qualities
Displacement Fight
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SPORTS TRAINING
Systems that make up optimiser training
of specific qualities. The transition from
football to other team sports
Displacement
OT for displacement strength SQ is comprised of all
actions on and off the ball, of variable duration and intensity,
in which displacement takes place. It includes all types of
running (forward, sideways or backwards), changes of
direction, turns, feints, accelerations, decelerations, braking,
etc., in which the basic principles of the movements focus on
precision and on the efficient application of a certain strength
in an optimal space and time (Gómez et al., 2019). One of
the distinctive aspects with respect to CT and which impacts
the SQs is the need to adapt to a changing environment
generated by the interactions between teammates, opponents
and a ball that alters these relationships continuously.
The implementation of GPS technology makes it possible
to identify the speed and amount of displacement of players
in regular training and competition. This “intensity” has
been classified in several speed ranges in order to evaluate
the locomotor conditional demand. By way of example, in a
number of football studies (Pons et al., 2019), displacement
speed has been categorised in ranges from 0 to 6, 6 to 12,
12 to 18, 18 to 21, 21 to 24 and above 24 kph. Another
measurable aspect is the athlete’s actions when accelerating
or decelerating, which are also expressed in different
ranges (Akenhead, et al. 2013). These variables are very
important in team sports and are directly related to the HA’s
neuromuscular structure (Loturco, et al., 2018).
To develop the displacement SQ, a number of game
conditions must be considered, affording preference to each one
of the situations involved in the sports speciality. The actions
which determine the displacement SQ, depicted in Figure 4,
are: changes of rhythm (accelerations and decelerations);
displacement speed, changes of direction and changes in
amplitude and frequency of supports, all of them adapting to the
interaction with the environment, opponents and teammates,
giving priority to the HA’s conditional efficiency.
Jump Ball action
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E. Pons, et al Training in Team Sports: Optimising Training at FCB

Figure 4

SPORTS TRAINING
Actions involved in the displacement SQ.

Change of
rhythm

Control of
running for
passing and Accelerations /
shooting Decelerations
actions

Displacements

Changes in Changes of
amplitude and
frequency of direction
supports

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E. Pons, et al Training in Team Sports: Optimising Training at FCB

Fight

The fight strength SQ is comprised of all actions on and
off the ball, of variable duration and intensity, in which
at least two players contest a position or path using part
or all of their body to win out, such as ball protection,
charging, tackling, losing a marker or fighting to gain a
position (Gómez et al., 2019).
SPORTS TRAINING
Figure 5 shows different actions (before, during and after)
to enable the management of the different PSSs, providing
variability in fight strength actions. The situations that occur
in each sport speciality call for a different application of
strength (Seirul·lo, 1998). OT seeks to generate specific
stimuli adapted to the sport and each HA based on individual
characteristics and taking the positional role into account.

Figure 5
Actions involved in the fight SQ.

Throw off
balance

Fight

Push Grab

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E. Pons, et al Training in Team Sports: Optimising Training at FCB

Jump

OT for the jump strength SQ is comprised of all
actions on and off the ball, of variable duration and
intensity, in which there is a jump; this initial thrust can
be one- or two-footed, stationary or moving, where the
body goes into the air and with a greater incidence in
vertical displacement (Gómez et al., 2019).
As an SQ included within the complexity of the game,
jumping should be considered as a training component of
SPORTS TRAINING
OT although it is also addressed in CT. Each sport has its
own specific jumping characteristics, and consequently
game situations in which there are actions in the air
(heading and clearances), drives and receptions should
be categorised with the diversity of situations appropriate
to each sport while taking into account the individual
characteristics of the HA.
Figure 6 shows different actions (before, during and
after) and their variability in jump strength actions.

Figure 6
Actions involved in the jump SQ.

Actions in the air

(Clearances
and heading)

Jump

Drives
Receptions (Clearances
and heading)

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E. Pons, et al
On-the-ball action
OT for the on-the-ball action strength SQ is comprised
of all actions on and off the ball, of variable duration and
intensity, in which there is contact with the ball, such as
control, dribbling, passing, shooting, clearances, headers,
etc. (Gómez et al., 2019).
The action the HA performs on the object varies
according to the specificity of each sport when game
actions are performed. In terms of on-the-ball actions,
passing, kicking and shooting actions, conditioned by the
interaction with teammates, opponents and the relationship
space, must be taken into consideration.
Figure 7 shows different actions (before, during and
after) and their variability in on-the-ball strength actions.
Figure 7
Actions involved in the on-the-ball ball Action SQ.
Passing
Ball action
Kicking
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Training in Team Sports: Optimising Training at FCB
SPORTS TRAINING
Finally, Table 1 is a summary of the specific qualities and
approaching levels.
Future studies and ongoing research should enable
further progress in using training methodologies and
systems tailored to team sports. The implementation of
new technologies for tracking both external and internal
loads will make it easier to shape micro-cycles and
session and task design based on objective data and
criteria. Similarly, research into the relationship between
complex systems and sports should be continued in order
to buttress strategies which boost their applicability to
team sports training and be able to cater to the individual
characteristics of HAs.
Shooting
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E. Pons, et al
Training in Team Sports: Optimising Training at FCB

Table 1
Summary table of the Specific Qualities and their approaching levels or nature.

SPORTS TRAINING
Approaching levels General Targeted Special Competitive
Displacement
Changes of rhythm Linear displacements at different Same actions as general work but Situations played Actual play
speeds with changes of direction. introducing a ball, before, during Position game 11v11 official match
Accelerations / Decelerations
and after. (3v3 + 2) Area 14x12, (4v4 + 3) Area 16x18 situation
Displacements between 5-12 m focusing
Changes in amplitude and (4v4 + 2), Area 18x20
on accelerations and decelerations. Pass and overlap.
frequency of supports
Situation game
Resisted displacements. Passing sequence.
Control of running for passing (5v5 + 3) Area 20x24, (6v6 + 3) Area 22x26
and shooting actions Displacements over small obstacles. Circuit with combined displacement (7v7 + 3) Area 29x25 (8v8 + 3) Area 30x26
actions.
Stride amplitude displacement changes Structured SSGs
of support amplitude and frequency. (3v3) (3v3 + 1), (4v4) (4v4 + 1)
(5v5) (5v5 + 1), (6v6) (6v6 + 1)
LSGs
Area ½ pitch, box to box
Friendly match
Fight
Throw off balance General proposal for large muscle groups. Proposal on and off ball in small Position game Actual play
areas. Situation game 11v11 official match
Grab Self-loading proposal / Medicine ball.
Structured SSGs situation
Proposal for fight game actions with
Push Proposal of tasks with partners. Competitive units
circuits.
Grabbing, throwing off balance and pushing. LSGs
Friendly match
Jump
Actions in the air General proposal for large muscle groups. Proposal of tasks on and off ball. Competitive units Actual play
(Clearing/heading) LSGs 11v11 official match
Proposal with belts, resistance bands. Proposal of centre and heading
Friendly match situation
Drives (Clearing/heading) tasks in both offensive and
Successive jumps over hurdles with different
defensive actions.
Receptions amplitudes and heights.
On-the-ball action
Passing General proposal for large muscle groups. Rondo. Position game Actual play
Passing sequence. Situation game 11v11 official match
Shooting Passing tasks with displacements.
Circuit with combined passing Structured SSGs situation
Kicking Accuracy passing tasks. actions with teammates and Competitive units
opposition with displacements LSGs
Proposal of tasks with shooting Friendly match

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E. Pons, et al
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