15-21

Personality is something that deals with the personal characteristics, and this leads t
o some consistent behavior pattern. Personality trait is something that is a feature o
f the personal characteristics that are being used for describing an individual's perso
nality. These terms are essential to be defined before assessing about the personalit
y trait of SpiersLopez.
First personality trait that can be noticed from the case about Spiers-Lopez 
is her selfesteem. It deals with the personal evaluation that is an individual can make 
about themselves particularly about their behavior, talent, skills, ability and worth. 
Those individuals with high selfesteem will only be in a position to take ahigher risk w
hile making job selection, and they are the ones who can attract high status in their 
career path. Spiers-Lopez is with high self-esteem.
Locus of control is the next personality trait which refers to the extent to which anin
dividual has to have control over those events that are affecting them. If an individu
al has the interior locus of control, those individuals will believe that their life is bein
g controlled only by their own behaviors and actions.
Those who have internal locus of control will be in a position to have influence over 
the other individual, and they always search for more indepth information about ev
ery subject they deal with so that others cannot influence them.
These individuals are comparatively less influenced, and they discharge their duty in 
a better manner irrespective of their complexities.
These individuals require some initiativeas they are highly motivated, and they requi
re independence in action. 

15-22
Motivation is the critical thing which is essential for anyone to reach the pinnacle in
their career. Motivation is the driving force which results in a particular course of
action, and this is the important factor that was driving Spiers-Lopez to attain this
position. Work life balance of Spiers-Lopez clearly narrates about the internal driver of
her to bring a balance between the professional and personal life. The three theories
of motivation are need based, process based and reinforcement.
Hezberg Two Factor theory is based on the need based motivation concept. According
to this theory, job satisfaction is the primary driver for motivation. Both satisfaction
and dissatisfaction are being influenced by two factors- hygiene and motive factor.
Hygiene factor deals with payment, security and motivation factor is recognition,
achievement, responsibility, etc.
According to Hezberg, both the above mentioned factors, are essential to be present in
order to insure that the individual gets job satisfaction. It is clear that Spiers-Lopez is
seeking only the job satisfaction, and she was unable to obtain until both the hygiene
and motivation factor is satisfied.

15-23
This case does not through light into the information related to the stress that is due to
the international issues. IKEA has operations in more than 36 countries that acknowledge
that she will have more stress about the international operations. In case of international
operations, they have to deal with different people from different culture and
backgrounds. These differences will create more stress to the management in managing
the human resource of the company.
It will add more stress to the job and will create more pressure too. When Spiers-Lopez
was establishing various policies that will be applicable to the entire organization, she
had to consider all the cultural differences and the attitudes of the employees. This
would've added more pressure to her while framing the policies. Thus, bringing any
change into this multinational organization is more challenging which will create more
stress to the top management.

15-24
According to Pernille Spiers-Lopez, leadership must be effective, and it must begin with
self-examination of the leaders. According to her leadership is not pertaining to one
particular individual but it is about the person who stands for their values. Thus, self-
examination is the primary requirement.
According to her, she will prefer only for those employers who will be ready to listen
her opinions and views. She does not prefer any conflict with the employer, but there
must be understanding and independence in expressing an opinion. Good
communication skill is required by a leader who fills the gap between employee's
requirements and company's goal.