TENSES Pertemuan 2

Perbedaan Simple Past Tense dan Past Perfect Tense

Simple Past Tense Past Perfect Tense
Fungsi/ Kegunaan Fungsi/ Kegunaan
Untuk menyatakan aktifitas atau kegiatan yang Untuk menyatakan aktifitas atau kegiatan yang
terjadi di masa lalu/lampau sudah terjadi di waktu lampau ketika ada aktifitas
Seperti: lain yang terjadi di masa lampau juga.
- He ate meatball yesterday. Seperti:
- She became the winner of the News Caster - I had read a book when she came.
Contest last month. - My mother had cooked when my sister arrived.
(single action) - The show had begun by the time we arrived.
- Jane went to the room, took a seat, then - I didn’t remember that I had been there
started to finish her work. before.
- He took a pencil and paper, drew a sketch, - The student could answer all the questions on
and gave it to her. the exam. He had prepared effectively for it.
(Several actions) - After he had taken the medicine, he went to
- When I was a little girl, I went swimming bed
every Sunday.
(Repeated action/habit
Time signal yang digunakan: Time signal yang digunakan:
- Yesterday - Past Perfect When Simple past Tense
- Last night - Simple Past after Past Perfect
- This morning - Past perfect before Simple Past
- …ago; two days ago; two years ago, etc - Already, ever, never
- Last… : last week, last month, etc

Rumus atau pola dasar: Rumus atau pola dasar:

Subjek + Verb-2 + (objek) + (adverb)
S + did not/ didn’t + verb-1 + O + A
Did + S + verb-1 + O + A
S + was/were + adjective/ noun/adverb
Semua subjek menggunakan verb-2
She took a bath this morning.
They watched the movie last week.
She was at home last night
Subjek + had + verb-3 + (objek) + (adverb)
Subjek + had not + verb-3 + O + A
Had + S + verb-3 + O + A
S + had been + adjective/ noun/ adverb
Had digunakan untuk semua subjek
She had taken a bath when I came.
They had watched the movie before I told them.
She had been out before I arrived

- Simple past menjelaskan peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu. Past perfect menjelaskan peristiwa
yang sudah terjadi di masa lalu
- Past perfect harus selalu berpasangan dengan simple past, sedangkan simple past tidak harus
didampingi past perfect.
- Simple past merupakan later event dari past perfect, dengan kata lain simple past terjadi setelah
past perfect.
PAST TENSE : Complete the questions.
1. He met somebody last night. Whom …………..?
2. Harry arrived two hours ago. When ……………..?
3. Tania invited Bob to her birthday party yesterday. Who ………………?
4. They wanted something. What ……………….?
5. The meeting ended at five o’clock. What time …………………?
6. Pat went home early because she was sick. Why ……………..home early?
7. We had a bowl of porridge for dinner. What………….. for dinner?
 8. It cost a lot of money. How much …………….?
9. He bought a T – shirt last week. What ……………….?
10. We walked to school quickly. How ……………..?
Past Perfect Tense
1. Jane had already typed ten pages when her computer crashed.
2. They had known Rudy for a long time before they met his family.
3. They didn’t know where to meet because nobody told them.
4. He bought his friends some chocolates because he had promised it before.

Exercise 1
1. After Fred ( spend) his holiday in Italy he ( want) to learn Italian.
2. Jill ( phone) Dad at work before she (leave) for her trip.
3. Susan ( turn on) the radio after she (wash) the dishes.
4. When she ( arrive), the match already ( start).
5. After the man ( come) home he ( feed) the cat.
6. He didn’t watch the movie with his friends because he ( see) it a week before.
7. She ( watch) a video after the children (go) to bed.
8. After Eric (make) breakfast he (to phone) his friend.
9. I (to be) very tired because I ( study) too much.
10. They ( ride) their bikes before they ( meet) their friends.
11. When he (wake up), his mother (already / prepare) breakfast.
12. He (hear) the news, (go) to the telephone and (call) a friend.
13. When she (start) to learn English, she (already / learn) French.
14. By the time he (arrive) at the pub, they (run) out of beer.
15. It (be) cloudy for days before it finally (begin) to rain.
Text
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or pas perfect simple).
1. It (to be) a cold and rainy Sunday, so I (decide) to finish the essay that I (start) writing a few
days before.
2. I (switch) on the computer and (open) the document.
3. Then I (begin) looking for my notes that I (handwrite) on a sheet of paper.
4. But the notes (be) not on my desk and I (can) not remember where I (put) them.
5. I (turn) the whole house upside down.
6. And where  I (find) my notes?
7. I (leave) them in the sitting room, under a huge staple of papers and magazines.
8. Now that I (find) my notes, I (want) to continue writing my essay.
9. First I not (know) what to write but then I (have) lots of ideas.
10. I almost (complete) my essay when my computer suddenly (crash) and I (notice) that
I (forget) to save the document.
11. After I (reboot) my computer, I saw that at least 5 of the pages I (type) were missing.
12. So I (have) to start all over again.
Materi Simple Past vs. Present Perfect Tense
Simple past tense untuk aksi yang telah rampung di masa lalu, sementara present perfect
tense untuk aksi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu (baru-baru ini atau sudah lama) dan terhubung
dengan masa kini (masih berlangsung atau efeknya dapat dirasakan saat ini).

What's the difference? Present Perfect and Past Simple

Pay attention to the conversation below, compare the verbs in bolds then find out the differences.

Mother : I want to prepare dinner. Have you washed the dishes yet?
Daughter : I washed the dishes yesterday, but I haven’t had the time yet to do it today.
Mother : Have you done your homework?
Daughter : No, I have just come home from school.
Mother : You came home from school two hours ago!
Daughter : Well, but my friend Lucy called when I arrived.
Mother : Didn’t you see Lucy at school in the morning?
Daughter : Yes, but we didn’t have time to talk then.

Now let's examine a few tips that will help you determine which of the two tenses you should use.

We use the Present Perfect when we want to
emphasize the result of a past action.
"Lisa has broken her leg, and now she can't
participate in the play." In this sentence I want to
emphasize the result: now Lisa's leg is broken
“We haven’t cleaned the classroom yet so it is still
dirty”
“I’ve lost the key. I can’t enter the room”
We use the Simple Past when we simply want to
say that something happened in the past
(action).
"Lisa broke her leg yesterday, so we took her to
the hospital." In this sentence I simply want to
tell you what happened in the past.
“We didn’t clean the classroom this morning”
“I lost the key. It was terrible yesterday”

The Present Perfect is often used when giving The Simple Past is used when giving OLDER
RECENT news:     information:  
Janet and Mike have finally broken up. Janet and Mike broke up months ago.
We have just sold the house. We sold the house in 2001.
The war has ended, but the people still need to The Second World War ended in 1945. (This is
rebuild their lives. (This is recent information.)  old information.

The Present Perfect is used when the time is NOT

There is a specific time mentioned
SPECIFIC:    
They met on Sunday.
They have met already.
My birthday was last week.
I have celebrated my 20th birthday.
John started his business after he graduated.
John has started his business. (We don't know
(We know exactly when.)
exactly when.)

The Present Perfect is used when the time period The Simple Past is used when the time period
has NOT finished:     HAS finished:    
I've bought 3 books this month. (This month has I bought 3 books last month. (Last month is
not finished.) finished.)
She's written me 5 letters this week. (This week has She wrote me 5 letters last week. (Last week is
not finished.) finished.)
This month you have passed 2 exams. (This month In the previous month you passed 2 exams.
has not finished.) (The previous month is finished.)

The Present Perfect is used with for and since, The Simple Past is used with for and since,
when the actions have not finished yet:     when the actions have already finished:    
I have worked in Australia for 6 years. (I still work in I worked in Australia for 6 years. (I don't work
Australia.) in Australia now.)
 She has lived in Spain for 2 years. (She still lives in She lived in Spain for 2 years. (She doesn't live
Spain now.) in Spain now.)
They have helped me for a whole month. (They still They helped me for a whole month. (They don't
help me now.) help me now.)

Remember:
1. We use the past simple for past events or actions which have no connection to the present.
2. We use the present perfect for actions which started in the past and are still happening now
OR for finished actions which have a connection to the present.
3. We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word: NOT: I've been to the museum
yesterday. CORRECT: I went to the museum yesterday

Time signals
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple
 just
 already
 yesterday
 up to now
 ... ago
 until now / till now
 in 1990
 ever
 the other day
 (not) yet
 last ...
 so far
 lately / recently

PAST TENSE
1. He always goes to work by car. Yesterday he …………….. to work by bus.
2. They always get up early. This morning they ……………..up late.
3. Bill often loses his key. He …………….one last Saturday.
4. Does he write a letter to Jane every week. Last week he (not) ……………a letter to Jane.
5. She meets her friends every evening. …… she ………………them yesterday evening?
6. I usually read two newspapers every day. I only ……………..a newspaper yesterday.
7. They come to my house every Friday. Last Friday they…………….. , too.
8. We usually go to the cinema on Sunday. We (not)……….to the cinema last Sunday.
9. Tom always has a shower in the morning. Tom ……………….a shower this morning, too.
10. They buy a new car every year. Last year they ………………a new car, too.

Make question based on the answer given. (the underlined words)

11. She ate two oranges yesterday.
12. We went shopping last Monday.
13. Ann took some photos last weekend.
14. We left at 06.00 o’clock yesterday.
15. She wrote the poem neatly last night.
16. They didn’t find a taxi so I came on the bus
FOR or SINCE
FOR + period of time SINCE + point in time
 For three days Since Friday
For a year Since 2008
For two weeks Since two weeks ago
For 12 years Since I was born
PRACTICE
List the time expressions under two headings. FOR or SINCE:
Then read out and translate the expressions in your own language.
a long time ☺ last Wednesday ☺ a year ☺ six months ☺ July ☺ days and days ☺ 1989 ☺ I was a
child ☺ May 25th ☺ four weeks ☺ I started school ☺ a short time ☺ I was born ☺ ages ☺
yesterday ☺ my parents moved here
for since

Complete with the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect (affirmative, negative, interrogative)
1. My grandma (not return) _________________ from the market.
2. My sister (leave) ________________ for school.
3. My parents (send) _________________ invitations to all our relatives.
4. We (not learn) ________________ Russian at our school.
5. (visit) __________ Sam and George ___________ this museum?
6. I (not be) ______________________ to the mountains for a year.
7. How long ____________ you _________________ (not talk) to your friends in U.K.?
8. ________you ___________(see) this film?
Yes, I have. I (watch) _________________ it with my family.
Put the verbs in the Present Perfect (affirmative or negative) and SINCE or FOR as appropriate:
1. I (know) ____________________________ I needed glasses
a) ________ 5th grade b) __________ the past half year
2. I (not have) _________________________ a headache
a) ________ about half a year b) __________ I changed my glasses
3. It (be) ________________________ very hot
a) ________ early morning b) __________ noon
4. The pot (be) __________________________ on the stove
a) ________ an hour b) __________ several hours
5. My mother (teach) ___________________________ in the same school
a) _________ 1980 b) __________ she was 23 years old
6. My father (not travel) __________________________ by train
a) _________ 3 years b) __________ he bought the car

Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets using either the present perfect or the past simple tenses.
1 A: I not _________ (see) Anna for a long time.
B: Really? I ________________ her yesterday. (see)
2 They ________________ (go) to Venice three years ago.
3 David lost his wallet yesterday but he ___________ (find) it this morning in his jacket pocket.
4 My friend _______ (be) in London two years ago.
5 We ________________ (live) in this house for five years and we're very happy here.
6 I know Manchester quite well. I ________________ (live) there for three years when I was a
student
7 He ________________ (meet) Sally in the supermarket last week.
8 She feels great. She ________________ (lose) three kilos since Christmas.
9 It's cold in here because someone ________________ (open) the window.
10 She _______________ (read) the texts very carefully when she got a reading test.
11 ________________ (feed) you the cat yet?
12 The last time I ________________ (play) tennis was four years ago.
13 Oh no! I (lose) my wallet!
14 I (read) six books this week.
15 Amy (live) in Portugal when she was young.
16 She (visit) her grandmother last month.
17 The Vandals (invade) Rome in the year 455.
18 She (break) her leg the day before her exam.
19 I (have, not) ________________ this much fun since I (be) _________________ a kid.
20 My best friend and I (know) ___________ each other for over fifteen years. We still get
together once a week.
21 I can't take any pictures because I (not / buy)__________ a new film yet.
22 ________(they / spend) their holiday in New Zealand last summer?
23 The newspaper (be) ____________very successful lately
24 When I (arrive)__________home last night, I (discover) __________ that Jane was preparing a
beautiful candlelight dinner.
25 When I (turn) ___________the radio on yesterday, I (hear) ________a song that was popular
when I was in high school.