1 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics

Effect the Design and Materials of Eyes Swathe dressing

And Diapers Clothes for Infant‟s Incubator

ELSAYED AHMED ELNASHAR

Lecture of textiles & Apparel, Faculty of Specific Education,
Kafer Elsheikh, Tanta University, Egypt.
Dr_elnashar@hotmail.com
Dr_elnashar@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Neonatal jaundice (icterus neonatorium) is caused by the excessive accumulation of bilirubin,
medical bodies worldwide have made efforts in this direction methods. Shortly after birth, in
the first 24 hours of life babies with neonatal, a byproduct of the red blood cells
decomposition. , Many convenient features to consider with three basic disposable eyes
swathe and diapers on infant‟s incubator options: cloth of basic disposable eyes swathe and
diapers, reported in this paper are: The light flow, air, water vapor, and aerosol transport
properties, And pore size measurements of elastic, design & form, deferrable fabrics weight,
Thickness of the layers coating has also been found to affect aerosol filtration for nanofibers
covering the open pores of fabrics and foams used in protective clothing. Current eyes swathe
and diapers fabrics that are used for chemical protection are based upon absorptive layers of
foam or layers of spheres bound to a fabric. Elastic as well as non-elastic Nylon nanofibers
were applied to the surfaces of these protective layers to measure the effect of nanofiber
thickness upon aerosol filtration efficiency in the infant‟s incubator state then consider
convenience, cost and environmental waste.
Keywords: Infant‟s incubator, disposable eyes swathe and diapers, layers fabrics,

1-INTRODUCTION know as Gamgee. More recently these have

In Egyptian environment have covered your
babies‟ health and your financial savings.
We‟re still not finished; the health of the
planet is also compromised by the use of
disposable diapers. Approximately 2 million
of disposable eyes swathe and 10 Billion
diapers end up in Egypt landfills every year.
It is unknown exactly how longs it will take
disposable diapers to decompose but
estimates are in the 100.s of years.
During the 20th century, outstanding
research and innovation has been carried out
in these fields, by active figures as
Alexander Fleming, leonard colebrook,
theodore Gillmon, and D.D.Winter [1]. Has
resulted in medical revolution in the
treatment of infection. Early treatment
methods includs the packing of modern
dressing with absorbent fibrous and textile
material including such products as gauze
swabs, lint and the gauze and cotton tissue
joined by non swabs viscose (rayon) fabric,
both the gauze and non woven swabs are
sailable in filamated from, that is where a
layer of absorbent fiber is sandwiched
between layers to give greater absorbency.
These products are excellent absorbent
perspiration of surrounding eyes, and
reflection light, air removable and good
thermal insulators but can over dry an ayes.
They are also no barrier to infection and will
cause it on removal as a result of adherence
and capillaries lop insertion. However, the
new non-woven fabrics show every proving
design/function characteristics, which will
results more efficient products.
1-1 Eyes Swathe dressing when jaundice:
The primary reason for treating jaundice in
neonates is to prevent neurologic damage.
Susceptibility to bilirubin toxicity is
important in setting treatment threshold [2].
2 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics
Risk factors that lower the threshold for
treatment include prematurity, low birth
weight, sepsis, and jaundice appearing
within 24 hours of life [3][4]. The yellowish
discoloration of the skin and the whites of
the eyes may occur in a newborn whose
liver cannot yet adequately Process excess
billiard in the bloodstream. Jaundice is the
yellowish discoloration of the skin and the
whites of the eyes may occur in a newborn
whose liver cannot yet adequately Process
excess bilirubin in the bloodstream.
A common condition, jaundice may appear
in the first few days after birth and last two
to three weeks. It usually goes away as the
newborn‟s system matures.
Bililite; If your newborn has more than a
mild case of jaundice, she may be treated by
phototherapy. She will be placed under a
special ultraviolet light, wearing only a
diaper and eye patches. Even during
phototherapy, breast feeding of a jaundiced
newborn should be continued. Consider
special UV resistant clothing for children
who burn easily.
Eyes swathe dressing were design to retain
the absorption properties of perspiration
surrounding eyes, the earlier materials and
improve other aspects of performance. The
simplest of eyes swathe are constructed with
an outer woven or non-woven fabric
surrounding a cotton or viscose core. These
eyes swathe are found in the standard
“sterile dressing eyes swathe” and a slight
improvement over the fibrous absorbents
and gauze and non-woven swabs. The warp-
around eyes swathe compresses the fibers.
Therefor, produces faster absorption. it also
results in a swifter strike–through given a
fluid pathway for the transmission of
infective organisms[5].
1-1-1Eyes Swathe of Multi-layered:
Eyes swathes of Multi-layered have been
produced with more consideration of their
function and with particular attention to
adherence, absorption and strike-through;
such products are Mesob, Surgiswathe and
perform. They have fluid retained layers in
the upper part of swathe dressing designed
to delay strike-through. Additionally, in the
case of perform, the layers of absorbent are
interleaved with a tissue to improve the
lateral dispersion of the serous exudate
within the swathe and this increases the total
absorbent capacity of the dressing.
Although, they do not possess moist
interface and will lose particles to the eyes
surface, these dressing are an advance on the
simple absorbents and can be used with
advantage in heavily exuding the eyes or as
immediate postoperative dressing. They are
available in a number of sizes and the larger
sizes avoid the necessity of frequent
dressing changes; or of using multiple small
swathes to cover eyes. The swathe are kept
in place by tape or proved. In contrast to
these high absorbency swathes of
perspiration, there are low absorption
capacity dressing which may be used for
low exudate or drying eyes. These include
products such as melolin and Telfa, which
consists of thin fiber mixes, sandwiched
between two layers of perforated polymeric
film, or one layers of film and one layer of
non-woven fabric. The polymeric film is
placed in contact with eyes; its non-adherent
character allows easy removal and the
perforation allow for exudate transmission
and aeration. Both swaths show almost
immediate strike-through and are therefore
limited in their application by the degree
and rate of exudate form the wound. [6].
The drying bio-environment unsuitable for
the growth of micro-organisms. However,
the same environment produced in a burn
could well inhibit the development and
migration of new change the dressing type
to match the step.
1-1-2 Polymeric Materials:
The foams were the precursors to a new
family of polymeric materials such as
Debrisan. This consist of straw colored
hydrophilic spherical beads 0.1-0.3mm in
3 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics

diameter which are composed of a

dextranomer insoluble in water, but with an
absorption capacity of four to five times its
own weight. This has previously been
difficult to achieve without packing with a
product such as ribbon gauze [7]. Table: 1
While standard practices of growing and ALAM- Effect of fabric structure,
harvesting cotton can involve a large BETA composition and treatment on the
number of pesticides and chemicals that are level of THERMAL
harmful to the environment, organic, or ABSORBTIVITY b [Ws1/2/m2K],
“green” cotton is becoming more and more head pressure 200 kPa
20- 40 microfibre or fine fibre nonwoven
available. Bleaching cotton for diapers is
insulation webs
also taxing on the environment, although 30- 50 light raised PES knits, needled and
unbleached diapers are widely available, thermally bonded PES light webs
often at the same price as the bleached 40- 90 light knits from synthetic fibres
variety. So, there are environmentally (PAN) or textured filaments, light
friendly ways of manufacturing cotton synthetic raised carpets
diapers. Even if you considered the 70–120 light or rib cotton RS knits, raised
production of non-organic, non-“green” light wool or wool/PES fabrics,
cloth diapers a compromise to the brushed microfibre weaves
environment, remember that one child only 100–150 light cotton or VS knits, rib cotton
needs a few dozen of them, and these woven fabrics
diapers can be used for more than one child. 130–180 light finished cotton knits, raised
Wraps and covers used with cloth diapers light wool woven fabrics
150–200 plain wool or PES/wool fabrics with
are manufactured from a variety of
rough surface
materials, both natural and man-made. Some
180–250 permanent press treated cotton/VS
covers are made from wool, some from fabrics with rough surface, dense
cotton. Most are made from synthetic fibers, microfibre knits
such as nylon, vinyl, fleece, polyester and 250–350 dry cotton shirt fabrics with resin
polyurethane. Fleece is made from recycled treatment, heavy smooth wool woven
soda bottles, which is an environmentally fabrics
wise option. But some of the other 300–400 dry VS or Lyocell or silk woven
synthetics are made using processes that fabrics, smooth dry heavy cotton
produce chemical waste, some of which weaves (denims) non-treated
may be harmful to the environment. A baby 330–500 close to skin surface of humid
will probably need about 25-30 wraps and cotton/PP or cotton/spec. PES knits
covers over the course of their diapering (0,5 ml of water applied )
450–650 heavy cotton weaves (denims) or
period, many of which can be used on
knits from special PES Fibres
subsequent children. Again, there is a cost to
(COOLMAX) in wet state
the environment in producing these diaper 600–750 rib knits from cotton or PES/cotton
covers, but one child needs only a few. or knits from microfibres, if
superficially wetted
Thermal-insulation and thermal-contact > 750 other woven and knitted fabrics in
properties of all common textile products. It wet state
was found that the practical values of 1600 liquid water (evaporation effect not
thermal absorptivity of dry fabrics range considered)
from 20 to 300, in table1. The higher is this As results from the table, the thermal-
value, the cooler feeling represents. contact feeling of the tested fabrics is
4 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics
strongly affected by their structure and
composition. It was found in [8].
1-1-3 Baby head incubators:
Disposable eyes swathe you may decide to
use a combination of disposable eyes swathe
options. Just as babies are not alike, neither
are eyes swathes. Blown liners and
investigated the effect of layers and
materials deformation upon filtration and
flow of these nonwoven fabrics. Various de
vices have been described for the support of
infants when they are seated in incubators,
prams, car-seats, etc, so that the infant‟s
head is held in alignment with the spine.
The reason is to keep the head from lolling,
which could give rise to problems such as
tendency to develop scoliosis, a lateral
curvature of the spine. According to the
inventor of a baby-holder described of
different sizes, etc. many are not adapted to
use with different types of carrier. . Will
disposable eyes swathe impose health is
most important for your baby‟s comfort,
1-2 The Health Diaper
Several factors contribute to the
improvement of the efficiency of a diaper.
The final product conception and
component nature are the most important
[9].We are interested in the study of
absorption, retention, rewet performance
and strike-through time of a hygienic diaper
model by varying some parameters: PP
granulometry, PP polymer/ fluff ratio to
study their influences on diaper
performances.
Objectives:
These works are highly focused and
concentrated, may desire to present material
that is not full of the proverbial Egyptian
environment by construct of experimental
and information to find types of materials,
Disposable eyes swath:
Prepare the environment for Infant‟s
Incubator need a dark quiet surrounding his
eyes is best for sleeping as comfort.
Maybe make a new design and selection the
material for disposable eyes swath dressing.
It should useful as disposable eyes swathe
for newborns. In this state the newborn is
awake, relatively inactive, with eyes very
open, scanning the surrounding area.
Disposable diaper choices:
Maybe classification The wide variety of
disposable diapers to choose from Infant‟s
Incubator Requirements. So: The elastic
patterns and perfumes can cause irritation or
rashes on the newborn‟s skin. When using
unfolded diapers, the extra fabric goes in the
front for boys and the back for girls.
3. Experimental Study:
3.1. Materials Eyes swath model:
in this study, tow component of incubator
recommend area were evaluated, 1)liquid
resistance and 2)filtration efficiency, were
selected foe evaluation (table1). The swath
and diaper (1-3) were sixth ply with a
pleated construction, and molded swath and
diaper. Properties that characterize the
fabric, such as thickness, weight, and pore,
size, were measured in addition to the liquid
resistance and bacterial filtration efficiency.
These characteristics were determined in
accordance with standard testing procedures
(table 2). Liquid barrier properties were
measured according to ASTM F-1862-98:
(table 2). standard Test Method.
Description Method Number
Thickness ASTM D1777-96
weight ASTM D3776-96
Pore size Using a Nikon SMZ-2T
computer-aided stereomicroscope
with special software.
Water vapour F1770-97e1 Standard Test
Permeability Method
Light A.S.T.M, standard, D1175-80.
permeability
3.1. Macroporosity & Permeability
Measurements
We used an optical method to measure the
area of macropore's cross-section. For each
5 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics

fabric specimen, using a Nikon SMZ-2T

computer-aided stereomicroscope with
special software.
Eyes Swathe dressing and Diapers Clothes Figure: 1 Infant‟s Incubator
tested Electrokinetic Permeability Log at we used the hygienic model as shown in the
Carlton The measured signals in the left structure below:
hand panel consist of the in-phase (real) and
quadrature (imaginary) parts of the response
at frequencies of 4 and 6.4 kHz. The in-
phase response at the lower frequency is in
red, and higher in blue. The quadrature
response at the lower frequency is in violet
and the higher frequency in green. From this
the pore fluid electrical conductivity is
derived (next panel) and the permeability
(next panel in blue). This is compared with
BGS core plug permeability data (in red).
The final panel shows the derived dynamic
porosity in blue obtained as a step. The Figure (2) Model Structure of eyes swath.
porosity in red is as measured by using In 2Dimension
conventional logging. 1: Cover for reflection light without porous
from CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl hloride).
2: Black layer for obstacle light
4. Results and Discussion 3: Superior layer for water-impermeable
4-1Eyes swath model: By low bulk density porous.
The absorbent polymer being applied on the 4: Tissue with low density of porous.
surface of the desired amound and 5: core of absorption the perspiration form
substantially even layer. These together dust cotton
form a reactive composition, which may 6: lower layer of woven natural silk Tissue
then be heated to be between 90 and 205 oc with height density of porous for Absorbing
to allow it to fuse. The type of end-use will perspiration.
determine the thickness of the layer applied 7:belt behind and surroundings the head
to the substrate, and it may be in the form 8:strip of adhesive
the core becomes over-saturated, and tape 9: gap for throwing strip of adhesive.
tabs could be added. Tabs would be
necessary also in the case of a diaper.

Figure:3 the first step of Model Structure.

6 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics
Figure: 4 Model Structure of eyes swath
In 3Dimension throw the following:
10: gap for throwing strip of adhesive.
11: strip of adhesive
12: belt upper and surroundings the head
4-2 Description of the hygienic Diaper
model:
A satisfactory absorbent device for use in
the type of incontinence where large
volumes of urine are suddenly discharged
must be able to absorb and retain this urine
rapidly, so, especially in the case of adult
incontinent.
New designs in cloth diapers have gathered
legs, require no folding, and use no pins.
Diapers may have up to six layers of
thickness down the middle. Fitted or contour
diapers have an hour-glass shape, require no
pins, and come in one sizes. Diapers may.
Look for ones design. Instead of pins, Also
consider waterproof pants. Pull-on or snap-
on styles are easy to use and keep outer
clothing and bedding dry. Diaper wraps or
covers use snaps and closures so diaper pins
aren‟t needed. Both come in a whit of color
designs. We used the hygienic change
model as shown in the structure below:
Figure:5 Model Structure of Diaper in
2Dimension.
1:Cover for absorbs light without porous,
and water-impermeable From
(Polypropylene).
2: white tissue layer for obstacle light (Dark
colored filter more UV rays than white or
light colored)
3: Superior layer for water-impermeable by
low bulk density porous.
4: Absorption core form dust of cotton.
5: Absorption of Tissue with lower density
of porous.
6: lower layer of Tissue with height density
of porous for Absorption.
Figure:6 Model Structure of Diaper in
3Dimension
Characterized and then stretched in two
directions to various strain levels, and
measured to determine the effect of
deformation on pore structure and transport
properties. Typical microstructures of an top
layer on the melton blown fabric, and of the
melton blown fabric of polymer solution
from a were used to observe the changes in
pore/fiber structure at different strain levels.
Pore size was determined in a capillary
liquid expulsion porometer. Airflow was
also measured in the capillary porometer.
Aerosol filtration was measured with a solid
salt aerosol. An elastic knit Spandex_ fabric
was also tested to allow comparison with
another highly elastic and tough material
used in clothing applications.
7 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics

Table3: The results of Model Structure eyes swath

Arrange Layers Thickness Weight Pore size μm Water vapour Light
mm gm/m2 Permeability permeability
mean max g\m2 \24h log(m/d)
240c 90% RH
1-upper Cover 0.3101 66.908 0.07 0.74 0.01 -2.76
2- second Black layer 0.2212 58.657 15.29 20.27 0.07 -1.79
3- third Superior 0.2122 40.775 16.90 27.19 01 -1.16
4- fourth Tissue 0.6137 80.828 35.06 87.74 2 -0.60
5-fifth Core of 4.7607 145.760 51.00 146.60 30 -0.09
absorption
6- lower natural silk 0.4742 78.40 5 31.72 92.12 10 0.46
Tissue
Total 6.4384

Table4: The results model structure of diaper

Arrange Layers Thickness Weight Pore size Water vapour Light
mm gm/m2 μm Permeability permeability
mean max g\m2 \24h
380c 90% RH
1-upper Cover 0.3345 66.908 0.97 41.74 0.01 2.36
2- second layer 0.2339 58.657 19.29 35.27 0.07 1.68
3- third Superior 0.4417 95.775 27.90 35.19 01 1.12
4- fourth Tissue 0.6137 140.828 35.06 87.74 2 1.46
5-fifth core of 4.7607 145.760 45.00 150.60 30 2.19
absorption
6- lower natural silk 0.4742 164.405 32.72 92.12 10 2.34
Tissue
Total 6.8587
property of the light itself, but a subjective
4.2.1 Light: human physiological and psychological
Visible light constitutes a narrow band of response. Colors in a certain band can also
the electromagnetic radiation spectrum that be evoked by mixtures of
Can be perceived by the human eye, with a frequencies/wavelengths lying in other
bandwidth of in total about 400 nm (1 nm = color bands. Values for the color
10-9 m). The electromagnetic spectrum wavelength bands are given below.[10]
ranges from wavelengths less than 10-13 m
to more than 105 m. The visible part of the Table: 5 Values for the color wavelength
spectrum lies in the range of 400-780 nm; Color Wavelength range(nm)
the numbers are approximate since there are Violet 400-455
individual variations. The eye can Blue 455-492
distinguish the various wavelengths in Green 492-577
terms of bands with a width of about 20- Yellow 577-597
160 nm, i.e., the colors. Thus, color is not a Orange 597-622
Red 622-780
2 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics
The visible wavelength region borders
ultraviolet (UV) in the lower part and the
near infrared in the upper part. The term,
“light”, is also at times used when referring
to irradiation in the UV and the infrared
region. The wavelength of light (λ), is
inversely proportional to the energy (E) of
individual light photons, i.e., the quanta of
light energy:
=h c/E h=Planck‟s constant
 that provide a continuous path from one
And to its frequency ():
=c/ c=the speed of light
4.2.2 FLUORESCENCE
Emission of fluorescence is one of the
possible processes that can occur when
light is absorbed in molecules. As
mentioned earlier, following the absorption
of a photon and the subsequent excitation of
the absorbing molecule, the molecule
relaxes down to the lowest energy level,
This emission is called fluorescence. Due to
the energy loss in the non-radiative part of
this process, the fluorescence photon will
carry a lower energy and, thereby, have a
longer wavelength than that of the absorbed
photon. The relaxation from the higher
level can end in any level in the lower S0
energy band, leading to a total fluorescence
emission composed of several wavelengths.
This explains why fluorescence is
characterized by a wide wavelength
distribution and not by a sharp peak. The
shorter the excitation wavelength, i.e. the
more towards the ultraviolet region the
fluorescence excitation occurs, the more of
the visible spectrum can be contained in the
resulting fluorescence signal.
4.3 Capillary Liquid Expulsion Porometry
Pore size measurements were made with the
Model automated capillary flow porometer
manufactured by Porous Materials.
Pore sizes were measured by saturating the
porous material with a wetting liquid of
known surface tension. Gas pressure on one
side of the sample was increased until
liquid from the largest pores was expelled.
As the pressure increased, smaller pores
opened up and the flow rate of gas through
the sample increased until all the accessible
pores were emptied. When compared with
the equivalent pressure/flow rate curve for a
dry sample, gave an estimate of pore size
distribution in the material (Stillwell, 1996).
[11]
In the standard mode, the pores measured
with this method only include those pores
side of the material to the other; dead-end
pores are not measured with this method.
The wetting liquid used for our pore size
measurements was Galden perfluorinated
liquid HT 230, with a surface tension of 19
dynes/cm, and a low vapor pressure.
Liquids of low surface tension allow lower
pressures to be used in the porometry
experiment, while low vapor pressures
minimize liquid evaporation during a test.
4.4 airflow Resistance
Airflow resistance was measured with a
dynamic moisture permeation eell described
in earlier reports We poured a solution of
copper sulphate (0.5%) on the change until
saturation and let hydrate during 5mn to
insure the PP repartition uniformity (blue
homogenate coloration). (Gibson et al.,
1999; Gibson et al., 2000)[12][13], and is
presented in terms of an apparent gas flow
resistance defined as:
RD = ( A p ) / (Q ) (1)
Where RD = apparent Darcy flow resistance
-1
(m )
= gas viscosity (17.85 x 10-6 kg/m-s for N2 at
20°C)
3/8
Q = total volumetric flow rate (m )
2
A = area of test sample (m )
2
p = pressure drop across sample (N/m or
Pa).
We can show the porosity as the following
figure
3 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics
Figure:7 Porosity in sheet of fabric
In superior layer for water-impermeable by
low bulk density porous.
4.3. Factors reported in this paper are:
1- Porosity & pore size
2-Air,
3- The lightflow,
4-Water vapor,
5- transport properties
6-size of swath & diaper.
7- Measurements of elastic,
8- design & form
9- deferrable fabrics.
10-weight
11- Thickness of the layers coating has also
been found to affect aerosol filtration for
nanofibers covering the open pores of
fabrics and foams used in protective
clothing. As CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl
Chloride) is very similar to PVC in
mechanical properties and chemical
resistance. It is suitable for applications
from 0 to 95°C (30 to 200°F). The special
CPVC compound used for Chemline valves
is classified as 23567-A as per ASTM D
1784. The suffix “A” denotes conformance
to the highest chemical resistance rating.
The compound is non-toxic, conforming to
CSA toxicity standard B137.0. CPVC
valves have proven to be an excellent
choice for applications at temperatures too
high for PVC or when an extra margin of
safety is required.
Adsorption: The major part of retinol losses
is due to adsorption onto the tubing
materials within the first hour of infusion.
A smaller surface of less passage time of
the infusate through the provides an
improved delivery, but the available „micro
tubings‟ made of polyurethane are more
prone to adsorb lipophilic substances than
standard. PVC materials seem to have
comparable adsorption behaviors.
4.4.Measurement of granulometry PP
(Polypropylene) variation effect: is
lightweight and high in chemical resistance.
Valves are suitable for service from -20 to
90°C (-5° to 195°F). Is unaffected by alkalais,
salts, organic solvents and most acids,
particularly hydrochloric and phosphoric
acid. It is unsuitable on strong acids,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatic
compounds and high concentrations of free
chlorine. PP is very inert thus popular for
high purity applications such as deionized
water, etc. The material comes normally
opaqued by addition of grey-beige pigment
to prevent ultraviolet light penetration.
Natural translucent material without
pigment will degrade if exposed to UV light
(lamp light). Chemline offers PP pipe,
fittings and valves in pigmented and
unpigmented PP, we realised several
milling tests at different time intervals in
order to get different PP granulometry
distributions. The influence of PP
granulometry rate on the PP coefficient
retention (PP coef. Ret.) Is illustrated by
fig.8.
Figure:8 without porosity in sheet of fabric
According to this figure, we deduce that an
average diameter increase generates a
4 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics
reduction of PP coefficient retention. This
reduction is very important for diameters
ranging from 50 to about 130µ whereas it is
less for superior average diameters. We can
conclude that the more the specific surface
is small (case of big particles) the more the
retention is small. With the decrease of the
PP coefficient retention, we also note that
the weight of retention decreases in the
same way, whereas the total absorption
capacity decreases slightly. Indeed, when
the specific surface of polymer grains PP
increases, contact with air humidity
increases as well, which decreases the PP
absorbing power and therefore the total
absorption capacity.
4.4.1 Measurement of PP ratio variation
effect: In this part, we studied PP quantity
variation effect therefore ratio variation on
the change behavior in absorption and
retention is illustrated by figure 8. The
curves obtained show a total absorption
capacity and retention weight increase in
function of PP polymer quantity.
These curves are nearly parallel which
indicates proportionality between the total
absorption capacity (tot. abs. cap.) and that
of retention weight (ret. weight) increase.
According to fig.3 we note a strike-through
time reduction in function of ratio and in
particular for small value ratios (16.5%
;19%). Beyond of a ratio 23%, its increase
doesn't have any effect. Indeed once all
water quantity is absorbed, the addition of
PP becomes ineffective which improves
strike-through time. The curve obtained
concerning the rewet weight shows an
increase, which is explained by slowing
change diffusion. Indeed the liquid is
absorbed in surface [14].
The polymer particle expansion starts with
the formation of an outside swollen layer.
Then we attend a coexistence between two
phases [15] (a dry intern core and a swollen
outside crown). The development of this
weakly permeable superficial gel layer
embarrasses the diffusion toward the inside
of the no swollen polymeric mass which
results in rewet value increase.
In light‟s Incubator, it appeared a
reasonable possibility that other type of
surfaces could be rendered antibacterial by
the convalent attachment of CPVC units
having lipophilic adjuncts. Prior efforts of
our laboratory had demonstrated the facility
with which such variation effect:
Units having lipophilic adjunct could be
prepared Silk fabrics might be rendered
antimicrobial as the Seiren content of each
is significant (minimum ) values . Modified
surface material, to which the bacteria
being investigated were added in the same
manner and amount as noted for above. The
growth plate was incubted overnight-+\. at
350C. Growth was noted visually in the
region around the material was removed
from the growth medium and placed in
4mL of fresh growth medium and incubated
at 350C. for 16 hr. Growth of bacteria in
this instance was measured
turbidimetrically using a Model UV
spectrophotmeter at 60 nm.
5 Conclusion:
This study has shown, through the tests of
different parameter variation as PP
granulometry and PP that:
- The PP retention coefficient and weight
retention increase while decreasing the PP
Granulometry, whereas the total absorption
capacity decreased slightly.
- The increase of PP quantity generates a
total absorption capacity, a weight retention
as well as a rewet performance increase but
a strike-through time decrease. So, the
control of parameters as PP granulometry
allows improving baby diapers absorbing
properties. However the mechanism of
absorption and retention remains a complex
function of diaper composition.
Consider special UV resistant clothing for
children who burn easily. This clothing
blocks more than 90 percent of the lamp‟s
rays.
5 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics
•UV Index: The environmental protection
reports the UV level daily, rating it from
minimal to very.
• People in general, including children, with
fair skin, red or blond hair, and hazel, blue,
or green eyes are at exceptionally high risk
for lamp damage and skin cancer.
• Darker skinned persons, such as African
Americans, are less likely to get skin cancer
Providing the best care for young children
involves helping them develop good habits
early in life. Be a good model yourself.
Wear a lamp safe hat, use lightscreen, and
cover up when in the light for long periods.
And avoid using tanning booths. Modeling
good behavior and being a good example is
the best way to develop light safe behaviors
in your children.
Adaptive face segmentation method is
proposed to locate and regularize face
candidatures, which are based on
luminance-piecewise skin-color
distributions. It consists of three steps:
1.Detect face candidatures based on
luminance piecewise statistical skin-color
model and Bayesian decision/relaxation.
2. Regularize the face candidatures by
spatial segmentation results.
3. Evaluate face candidatures by using both
shape and size.
References :
[1]Lawrence.J.C, and Payne .M.J, wound
healing: An update worship sponsored by simth
and Nephew Ltd,Hull,U.K.,1984.
[2]American Academy of Pediatrics.
Practice parameter: management of
hyperbilirubinemia in the healthy term
newborn.Pediatrics 1994;94(4pt 1):558-65.
[3] MacMahon JR, Stevenson DK, Oski FA.
Management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
In: Taeusch HW, Ballard RA, eds. Avery‟s
Diseases of the newborn.
Philadelphia:Saunders, 1998:1033-43.
[4] Osborn LM, Lenarsky C, Oakes RC, Reiff
MI. Phototherapy in fullterm infants with
hemolytic disease secondary to ABO
incompatibility. Pediatrics 1984;74:371-4.
[5]Taylor.H.M:textiles 1983,12,no.3,Autum
technical information,Shirley inst.77-82,U.K.
but do experience lamp damage and can get
skin cancer.
• Medications can make children and adults
especially sensitive to the lamp. These
include antibiotics, antihistamines, and acne
medications.
•
[6]Artandic chem. Tech.1981 no 8, technical
information, shirley inst.,476-481,U.K
[7]Rhodes .P.: An outline history of medicne.
Butter worth,U.K.,1985.
[8]HES L., PROMMEROVA M., The Effect
of Thermal Resistance and Absorptivity of
Various fabrics on their Thermal Contact
Characteristics. In: 21st Textile Res. Symp.
at Mt. Fuji (1992)
[9]S.Meyer, G.Werner, Polymères absorbants :
moteur d‟innovation, Intern. Text. Bull. (Non
tissés -Textiles techniques),01(1996)32-38.
[10]E.Hecht,Optics,(Addison-Wesley ublishing
Company, Reading, Massachusetts, 1987).
[11]Stillwell, C.R., "Characterization of Pore
Structure in Filter Cartridges," Advances in
Filtration and Separation Technology, Vol. 10,
p. 151, 1996.
[12]Gibson,P., Rivin,D., Schreuder-Gibson, H.,
“Electrospun Fiber Mats: Transport
Properties,” AIChE Journal, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp.
190-195, 1999.
[13]Gibson,P.,Rivin,D.,Kendrick,C.,
"Convection/Diffusion Test Method for Porous
Textiles,"International Journal of Clothing
Science and Technology,Vol.12, No. 2, pp. 96-
112, 2000.
[14]D. Aliouche, K. Bal, K. Lahfati, cinétique
d‟absorption des liquides par les bio textiles à
structure absorbante complexe: Influence
desgels polymères super absorbants,Ann.
Chim. Sci. Mat, (2000) 557-566.
[15]T. Budtova, P. Navard, Sewelling Kinetics
of a Polyelectrolyte Gel in Water and Salt
Solutions,Macromolecules,31(1998)8845-8850.
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫العيـون‬ ‫صميم والخامات عمى عصابة ْرباطِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫تأَثّ ْــر التّ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ألطفال الحضانــــات‬ ‫والحفاض‬

‫د‪.‬السيـد أحمد أحمد النشـــار‬

‫مدرس النسيج والمالبس‬
‫كمية التربية النوعية بكفر الشيخ ‪ ،‬جامعة طنطا‪.‬‬
‫‪Dr_elnashar@ hotmail.com‬‬
‫‪Dr_elnashar@ yahoo.com‬‬

‫الممخص ‪:‬‬
‫إلف) تكف‬ ‫…‬ ‫يفي الن فو‬ ‫يحتاج أطفال الحضانات أثناء العالج الضوئي (الصفف اا – نقف‬
‫الفت فات تحتففاج إلففة بنايففف الوففف يففة ظففاود وةففو حرففو ففا ضاةففف الح ف ااات و ففضت الضففوء‬
‫وضاةففف اطو فففق يالففض الطفففل حففضيد الففو ضت ففضوا ال فس‪ .‬يتحتففاج بينففاص لعصففا ف تففا ط‬
‫بكة العيا تروا واليف ا ضت الضوء ال عاض لها لفتات طويكفف لفيال ونهفااق تكف يةف‬
‫أا يروا لها واصفات خاصف ية رل التص يو وتعضض ط قاتها التي لرل نهفا وظيفففق‬
‫العاق أيضفا فا خفال يفا يف عينفف وتعفضض ال قايفات ف‬ ‫الضوء وا تصا‬ ‫ا حة‬
‫ث نها ي را تويياهفا عفض‬ ‫اخ‬ ‫حضض‬ ‫ايتخضاو أل ف طاطف يهكف الت ريل و ي‬
‫تفابكهفا ف الضفوء‬ ‫تروا ق اا لن و ال رتيايا الضاات ية ةو الحضانف‬ ‫يتاات حتة‬
‫بكة ةكض ال ولوض‪.‬‬
‫وأنيف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ففةف الحفف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ففاض التف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ففي تيف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ففتع ل لح ايف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ففف أطفف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ف ففال‬
‫الحضانات أثناء العالج الضوئي تختكد با العاضي ا حيد ال واصفات يتنضت بكفة‬
‫الطّ قات ال اصف‪ .‬لاي رفاءتها والتي تختكد يي التص يو العاو لك نيا بنها لإلناد‪.‬‬
‫ايتخضاو ال نهج التةاي ي التحكيكي لكتص يو والخا ف وال يئف‪.‬‬ ‫وذل‬
‫الكممات الدليمية‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics‬‬

‫حضففانف افطفففالق التص ف يو خا ففات بصففا ف وا ففاط العيففوا والحفاضقأنيففةف تعففضضت‬

‫الط قات‪.‬‬

‫ممحق بالمغة العربية عن ممخص البحث ونتائجه‬

‫أوال عنوان البحث"‬

‫ِ‬
‫العيـون‬ ‫صميم والخامات عمى عصابة ْرباطِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫تأَثّ ْــر التّ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ألطفال الحضانــــات"‬ ‫والحفاض‬

‫د‪.‬السيـد أحمد أحمد النشـــار‬

‫مدرس النسيج والمالبس‬
‫كمية التربية النوعية بكفر الشيخ ‪ ،‬جامعة طنطا‪.‬‬
‫‪Dr_elnashar@ hotmail.com‬‬
‫‪Dr_elnashar@ yahoo.com‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫المصرية تحتاج إلى مزيدا من الرعاية والعناية بأطفال الحضانات التي تعتبر‬ ‫ِ‬
‫البيئة‬
‫حقال خصبا لمبحث العممى واالستثمار الجيد ‪ ،‬فيحتاج أطفال الحضانات أثناء العالج‬
‫إلـخ تمـك الفتـرة تحتـاج إلـى عنايـة بالغـة فـى‬ ‫…‬ ‫الضوئي (الصف ار – نقص في النمو‬
‫ظروف وجو محكم من درجة الحرارة وشدة الضوء ودرجة رطوبة‪ ،‬يرقـد الطفـل حـديث‬
‫الوالدة بدون مالبس‪.‬‬
‫من تمك االحتياجات ما يقرب من ‪ 2‬مميون عصابة لربط العين حيث ما هو موجود‬
‫بالمستشفيات من رباط شاش ال يتناسب مع ربط العين عـالوة عمـى عـدم التأكـد مـن‬
‫صالحيته ومقدرته عمى عدم نفاذ الضـوء المعـرض لـه الطفـل الرضـيع حـديث الـوالدة‬
‫داخــل الحضــانة األمــر الــذى قــد يــإدص إلــى ضــعف إبصــار الطفــل ‪ .‬فتحتــاج عينــا‬
‫لعصابة تربط عمى العين تكون واقية من شدة الضوء المعرض لها لفتـرة طويمـة لـيال‬
‫ونهار‪ ،‬تمك يجب أن يكون لهـا مواصـفات خاصـة فـى شـكل التصـميم وتعـدد طبقاتهـا‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics‬‬

‫التي لكل منها وظيفة‪ ،‬من حجب الضـوء وامتصـاص العـرق أيضـا مـن خـال مسـامية‬
‫معينة وتعدد المقاسات مع استخدام أقمشة مطاطة سهمة التشكيل وبسمك محدد مع‬
‫رخص ثمنها يمكن تغييرها بعد فتـرات حتـى ال تكـون مقـ ار لنمـو البكتيريـا الضـارة فـى‬
‫جو الحضانة مع تفاعمها مع الضوء عمى جمد المولود‪.‬‬

‫مــن تمــك االحتياجــات ألطفــال الحضــانات فقــط مــا يقــرب مــن ٓ‪ 2‬مميــون حفــاض‬
‫ســنويا‪ ،‬والتــى تســتمزم مواصــفات خاصــة حيــث مــا هــم دارج باألس ـواق ريــر مصــنف‬
‫لمبنين أم لمبنات فكل منهم له مواصفاته الخاصة‪ .‬فى التصميم والخامة‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــة أطفـــــــــــــــــــال‬
‫وأنســـــــــــــــــــجة الحفـــــــــــــــــــاض التـــــــــــــــــــي تَســـــــــــــــــــتعمل لحمايـ‬
‫الحضانات أثناء العالج الضوئي تختمف عن العادى مـن حيـث المواصـفات مسـتندة‬
‫ِ‬
‫الماصة‪ .‬لرفع كفاءتهـا والتـي تختمـف فـي التصـميم العـام لمبنـين عنهـا‬ ‫عمى الطّ ِ‬
‫بقات‬
‫لإلناث‪.‬‬

‫وباستخدام المنهج التجريبي التحميمي لمتصميم والخامة والبيئة المصرية وما بها من‬
‫خامــات عــالوة عمــى بيئــة الحضــانات ومــا بــداخمها ومــا تحتاجــة مــن هـواء وأكســجين‬
‫ودرجة حرارة ونوعية الضوء الموجه عمى الطفل والفترة الزمنية الالزمة لمعالج عالوة‬
‫عمى العقاقير الطبية المنصرفة بأمر الطبيب لمعالج ‪.‬‬
‫فقد تم تصميم نموذج لعصابة رباط العين بمواصفات مناسبة ومالئمة ورير مكمفة‬
‫عمى اإلطالق فى حين تفى بالغض التي صممت من أجل باختبارات معممية قياسية‬
‫ام عــن الخامــات فاتضــن ان أنســب مـواد تمــتص العــرق مــن عمــى جبهــه الطفــل هــى‬
‫خامــة القطــن المســتخدم مــن ع ـوادم القطــن ومــا يطمــق عميــه فــى المصــانع المصــرية‬
‫(ربار و ربار القطن والذى يعرف بأنه ليس له قيمة مادية عالوة عمى أن المصـانع‬
‫المصرية تسعى الى التخمص منه بإلقائه فى المخمفات التى قد تضر بالبيئة‬

‫كــذلك تــم عمــل تصــميم لمحفــاض يتفــق مــع العــالج الض ـوئى داخــل الحضــانة ومــن‬
‫خامات زهيدة‬
 2 Eyes's Swath for Infant's Incubators of Bio-Nonwoven Fabrics

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