3

In : low-cost infant incubator

Author: D. Alejandro Escario Méndez

 Table of contents
• Introduction
• State of Art
• Objective
• Methods
• Result
• Discussion
• Conclusions
• Future work
• Our Goal
• Bibliography
2 @aescariom
 Introduction
Introduction • Developing countries [1, 2]
State of Art • High newborn death ratio
Objective • Mother malnutrition
Methods
Result
Discussion
• Costs [3]
Conclusions • Regular incubator: $6,000-$60,000
Future work • Training: $4,000
Our Goal
Bibliography
• Donations
• Priorities [4, 5]

3 @aescariom
 Introduction
Introduction • Developing countries [1, 2]
State of Art • High newborn death ratio
Objective • Mother malnutrition
Methods
Result
Discussion
• Costs [3]
Conclusions • Regular incubator: $6,000-$60,000
Future work • Training: $4,000
Our Goal
Bibliography
• Donations
• Priorities [4, 5]

4 @aescariom
 Introduction
Introduction • Developing countries [1, 2]
State of Art • High newborn death ratio
Objective • Mother malnutrition
Methods
Result
Discussion
• Costs [3]
Conclusions • Regular incubator: $6,000-$60,000
Future work • Training: $4,000
Our Goal
Bibliography
• Donations
• Priorities [4, 5]

5 @aescariom
 State of Art
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

6 @aescariom
 State of Art – Kangaroo Mothers
Bogotá (Colombia) – 1970s [7, 8, 9]
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

http://images.gmanews.tv/photoblogs/albums/userpics/10001/ZZZ_080510_3.jpg
7 @aescariom
 State of Art – Low-cost solutions
Embrace [11]
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

8 @aescariom
 State of Art – Low-cost solutions
NeoNurture [12, 13, 14]
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

9 @aescariom
 State of Art – Low-cost solutions
Mom Incubator
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

10 @aescariom
 State of Art – Low-cost solutions
Van Hemel [15]
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

11 @aescariom
 Objective - Destination
Introduction Sierra Leone
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

12 @aescariom
 Objective - Destination
Introduction Benin
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

[17]
13 @aescariom
 Objective - Destination
Introduction
State of Art
4Q 2015 Nikki (Benin)
Objective
Methods
Result • Back in 2014
Discussion • Benin
Conclusions • Infant mortality rate: ~56 ‰
Future work • Nikki Health Center:
Our Goal • 4,135 infants treated
Bibliography • ~500 premature
• AVG temperature: 25-30 ºC
• No power supply problems

14 @aescariom
 Objective – MVP Characteristics
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Clinical Others
Result
Discussion • Active Temperature • Cost-effective
Conclusions regulation • Easily repairable (locally)
Future work • Humidity measurement • Customizable
Our Goal • Passive humidity • Decentralized
Bibliography regulation
• Bed inclination

15 @aescariom
 Methods – Digital Fabrication
Introduction
State of Art
Objective Design
Methods Rapid
prototyping
Result
Discussion
Conclusions Electronics
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

In3
16 @aescariom
 Methods – Digital Fabrication
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

17 @aescariom
 Methods – Digital Fabrication
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

18 @aescariom
 Methods – Digital Fabrication
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

19 @aescariom
 Methods – Digital Fabrication
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

20 @aescariom
 Methods – Digital Fabrication
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

21 @aescariom
 Result – 1st iteration
Introduction • Domed cradle (Scale 1:10)
State of Art
Objective Pros
Methods
Result • Low volume to be regulated
Discussion • Structure stability
Conclusions
Future work
Cons
Our Goal
Bibliography
• The bed cannot be tilted easily
• Not enough space for medical
personnel

22 @aescariom
 Result – 2nd iteration
Introduction • Squared cradle (Scale 1:10)
State of Art
Objective Pros
Methods
Result • Independent legs that are easily
Discussion removed
Conclusions • Cheap cradle inclination mechanism
Future work
Our Goal
Cons
Bibliography

• Structure instability
• More material needed

23 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

24 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction • Plywood (In Europe)
State of Art • Legs
Objective • Cradle
Methods • Bed
Result
• Resins
Discussion
• Bed Axis
Conclusions
Future work • PLA (Plastic)
Our Goal • Upper corners
Bibliography • Reinforcement
• High Density Polyethylene
• Windows

25 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

26 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction
• Control Module
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

27 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction
• Control Module
• Communication protocol
State of Art
• Bluetooth
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

28 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction
• Control Module
• Communication protocol
State of Art
• Bluetooth
Objective
Methods
Result • Control panel
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

29 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction
• Control Module
• Communication protocol
State of Art
• Bluetooth
Objective
Methods
Result • Control panel
Discussion
Conclusions • Temperature Controller
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

30 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction
• Control Module
• Communication protocol
State of Art
• Bluetooth
Objective
Methods
Result • Control panel
Discussion
Conclusions • Temperature Controller
Future work • Input
Our Goal • Temperature
Bibliography • Humidity
• Output
• Pump
• Fans
• Heater/Cooler

31 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction • Bluetooth
State of Art • Compatibility
Objective • iPhone/iPad
Methods • Android
Result • Computers
Discussion • Charts
Conclusions • Temperature
Future work • Humidity
Our Goal • Customize
Bibliography • Temperature

32 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction Shopping list
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Electronics
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal Structure
Bibliography

33 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction Shopping list Material cost
State of Art
Objective
Methods
$ 174,31
Result
+
Discussion
Conclusions
$ 37,46
Electronics

Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography
$ 211,77
Structure

34 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction
• Cradle: 400x750x600 mm
State of Art
Objective • Cradle inclination:
Methods
• 0º
• 8º
Result
• 16º
Discussion
• Measurement ranges:
Conclusions
• Humidity: 0-100%
Future work
• Temperature: 0-50ºC
Our Goal
• Regulation:
Bibliography
• Temperature: -1ºC – 10ºC

35 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

36 @aescariom
 Result – 3rd iteration
Introduction
State of Art
Objective Given to Alaine Foundation
Methods September 14th, 2015
Shipped to Benin
September 15th, 2015
Reaches Nikki
Result
Discussion September 21th, 2015

Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

37 @aescariom
 Discussion
Introduction
State of Art Comunity Design

Objective
• Health care device
Methods • Solved problems:
Result
• Modular
Discussion
• Repairable
Conclusions
Future work
• Easy assembling Requirement
Assembling
Our Goal • Low cost Modifications

Bibliography

Testing

38 @aescariom
 Discussion
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

39 @aescariom
 Conclusions
Introduction
State of Art
September2015
Objective Nikki (Benin)
Methods Low-cost Repairable
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work In3
Our Goal
Bibliography

Modular Accessibility

40 @aescariom
 Future work – 4th Iteration
Introduction • Improved stability
State of Art • Easier to assemble
Objective • More light-weight
Methods
Result
• Better inner temperature regulation
Discussion • Less noise
Conclusions • More robust electronics
Future work • Cheaper electronics
Our Goal
• Better isolation
Bibliography

41 @aescariom
 Future work
Introduction
State of Art
• Active Humidity control
• Phototherapy module to treat jaundice
Objective Modules
Methods
Result
Discussion • Improve the plug & play system
Conclusions • Add extra protection to the electronics
Future work Electronics • Add a battery to power the device
Our Goal
Bibliography
• Better isolation from desert dust
• Improve the cradle window assembling system
Structure

42 @aescariom
 Our goal?
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

43 @aescariom
 Our goal
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

44 @aescariom
 Our goal
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

45 @aescariom
 Our goal
Introduction
State of Art
Objective
Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Future work
Our Goal
Bibliography

46 @aescariom
 Bibliography
[1] Unicef. Neonatal mortality rates are declining in all regions, but more slowly in sub-Saharan Africa; 2015. Available from: http: //data.unicef.org/child-mortality/neonatal.

Introduction [2] Bank TW. Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births); 2015. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/ indicator/SH.DYN.NMRT.
[3] Kawaji Q. An Alternative Infant Incubator. Johns Hopkins University; 2015. Available from: https://jscholarship. library.jhu.edu/bitstream/handle/1774.2/34122/
State of Art Term%20paper%201%20Eco%20Health%20(Qingwen% 20Kawaji).docx.
[4] News B. Ebola crisis: Sierra Leone lockdown to hit 2.5m peo- ple; 2014. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/ world-africa-31966989.
Objective
[5]News B. Ebola outbreak: Sierra Leone in lockdown; 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/ world-africa-32083363.
Methods [6] Dr D Simkiss PKE, Professor Anuradha Bose DST, Bas- sat DQ. Mother and Child Nutrition in the Tropics and 57 Subtropics (Chapter 4). oxfordjournals;. Available from:
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/ tropej/online/mcn.html.
Result [7] Bhat SR, Meng NF, Kumar K, Nagesh KN, Kawale A, Bhutani VK. Keeping babies warm: a non-inferiority trial of a conductive thermal mattress. Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal
and Neonatal Edition. 2015 Jul;100(4):F309–312.
Discussion [8] ROSENBERG T. The Human Incubator; 2015. Available from: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/ 12/13/the-human-incubator/.

Conclusions [9] Prasanga D Hiniduma Lokuge YM, Wu A. Design of a Passive Incubator for Premature Infants in the Developing World. Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology;.
[10] Firefly Phototherapy; 2015. Available from: http://www. designthatmatters.org/.
Future work
[11] Linus Liang JC, Rahul Panicker RH. Embrace; 2015. Avail- able from: http://dschool.stanford.edu/extreme/ impact/embrace_02.html.
Our Goal [12] NeoNurture; 2015. Available from: http://www. designthatmatters.org/impact/.

Bibliography [13] Park A. The 50 Best Inventions of 2010 - TIME. Time. 2010;Available from: http://content.time.com/time/ specials/packages/article/0,28804,2029497_ 2030618_2029499,00.html.
[14] Stewart D. The Acclaimed Incubator That Hospitals Never Used, and What Designers Learned; 2015. Available from: http://www.notimpossiblenow.com/lives/ the-acclaimed-
incubator-that-hospitals-never-used-and-w
[15] The Van Hemel baby incubator; 2015. Available from: https: //www.clinicalresearch.nl/incubator/info.htm.
[16] Drexler M. Looking Under the Hood and Seeing an Incubator. The New York Times. 2008 Dec;Available from: http://www. nytimes.com/2008/12/16/health/16incubators.html.
[17] Fundación Alaine; 2015. Available from: http://www. fundacionalaine.es/.

47 @aescariom
Thank you