FACULTY OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND RECREATION UNIVERSITY

TECHNOLOGY MARA, PERLIS BRANCH

DECISION MAKING
(SMG604)

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

NAME
SITI NUR MADIHAH HANIM BINTI BAHARI
ID NUMBER: 2019252008
CLASS: RSR241/5A

LECTURER:
DR. AHMAD FIKRI MOHD KASSIM

DUE OF SUBMISSION:
21 DECEMBER 2021
TABLE OF CONTENT
Case background 1

emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility in the relationship between parenting and
subjective well-being.

The case study of emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility in the relationship
between parenting and subjective well-being. Researchers have repeatedly found links
between parenting and affective–cognitive characteristics as well as individuals' subjective
well-being. However, research on the indirect relationship between parenting and individuals'
subjective well-being, as well as the potential roles of affective–cognitive elements in these
processes, is still lacking. The main goal of this study is to elucidate the potential mechanism
by which authoritative and authoritarian parenting strategies contribute to the subjective well-
being of young adults, and to highlight emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility as two
key mediators of that potential mechanism.

During the transition to adulthood, parents have a huge impact on the well-being of
their children. Because of the significant dependency between parents and children, life
transitions may be particularly difficult for Chinese young adults. Parenting is defined as a
psychological construct that includes the beliefs, methods, and emotional milieu that parents
instill in their children through their child-rearing practices. Authoritative parenting entails a
high level of responsiveness sometimes known as warmth as well as a high level of demand
also referred to as control. Authoritarian rule, on the other hand, Individuals' ability to
appropriately evaluate and communicate their own feelings, detect others' emotions, and
effectively control and use emotions in their life is referred to as emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence among young individuals is regularly linked to life pleasure,
according to Chinese culture researchers.

According to research, both authoritative and authoritarian parenting techniques are

linked to teenagers' emotional intelligence. Warmth, autonomy, responsiveness, and
demandingness are all characteristics of authoritative parenting that are linked to better
emotional intelligence in children. Adolescents with low emotional intelligence, on the other
hand, were more likely to have harsh parents and to have had normal urgent parent–child
contacts marked by parental pressure, authority, shame, and guilt. In brief, authoritative

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parenting actions foster a warm and responsive parent–child environment in which parents
and children can communicate and discuss their feelings.

In brief, authoritative parenting actions foster a warm and responsive parent–child

environment in which parents and children can communicate and discuss their feelings. It
aids in the development of emotional intelligence in children, allowing them to become more
sensitive to their own and others' emotions, as well as better at expressing and managing their
own emotions. These performances would help them adapt to life in general. Authoritarian
parenting, on the other hand, creates an intense emotional environment that emphasizes
punishment and restriction, in which children are not encouraged to feel, express, or talk
about their own emotions, and they are unable to expound on their inner emotional feelings.
As a result, they'd have a harder time acquiring emotional intelligence and changing their
lives in general.

Key Analysis
Researchers calculated the links between authoritative and authoritarian parenting
behaviors and life satisfaction and mental diseases, and then looked into whether cognitive
flexibility and emotional intelligence play a role in mediating these links. To estimate the
associated latent variable: authoritative parenting behavior, we used the scores of the
authoritative parenting subscale's father and mother versions.
Researchers discovered that authoritative parenting, through improved emotional
intelligence and cognitive flexibility, can contribute to increased subjective well-being.
Authoritarian parenting, on the other hand, related to reduced subjective well-being via
reducing cognitive flexibility. The outcomes of this study show that emotional intelligence
and cognitive flexibility are critical mediators in the association between parenting and
subjective well-being in young adulthood. This finding showed a more thorough mechanism
demonstrating how family experiences such as parenting are linked to emotional intelligence
and cognitive flexibility, and so too subjective well-being.

Recommendation
For recommend about the case study is should make the Emotional Intelligence
competencies entail emotional capacities in addition to purely cognitive abilities, modes of

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learning that work well for academic subjects or technical skills and hence, it is well suited
for helping people improve an emotional competence. Then, given the value of the personal
and organizational effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence based capabilities, there is a clear
need to integrate that valuation into the organizations' functions. When those with high
potential are being selected and groomed. Future researchers should consider conducting
longitudinal or experimental research to further delineate the causal relationships among this
study’s variables.

Conclusion
As a leader we must focus more strongly on finding persons with conscious and
constructive values and high Emotional Intelligence. Given the new understanding of the
crucial role emotional competence plays in individual, group, and organizational success, the
implication for education is clear: We should be helping young people master these
competencies as essential life skills. Emotional Intelligence as traits offers insights into how
one filters and directs their emotional aptitude and should again be a major focus.

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Case background 2

The case study of emotional intelligence of athlete and non-athlete female students of
Tabriz Islamic Azad University. The inability to communicate one's emotional talents can
jeopardise a person's mental, physical, and psychological health, as well as their capacity to
adjust in social situations. Emotional intelligence is a critical aspect in determining an
individual's ability to succeed in life, and it is linked to sentimental health, or current
psychological condition and overall emotional health. Emotional intelligence and emotional
and social abilities develop over time and can be improved through training and correction
programs like their therapy procedures.

Furthermore, there was a significant difference between athletic champions and other
athletes in sub emotional self-consciousness tests, such as self-assertiveness, self-regard,
independence, intimacy, accepting social responsibility, problem solving, reality test,
flexibility, stress endurance, shock control, and optimism, in addition to the above mentioned
aspects. Athletes in group sports have a higher level of inter-personal intelligence than
athletes in individual sports.

Therefore, as compared to non-champion athletes and non-athletes, athletic

champions had a much greater level of stress control and self-esteem. Athletes are
substantially more alive and optimistic than non-athletes when it comes to common
temperament liveliness and optimism. Athletes' adaptability was also much higher than that
of non-athletes.
Key analysis

Researchers found out that athletes have higher mean scores in problem solving,
liveliness, stress tolerance, self-flourishing, emotional-consciousness, realism, optimism,
intimacy, and courage than non-athletes. Non-athletes outperform athletes in the categories of
independence, interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, shock regulation, adaptability, social
responsibility, and total emotional intelligence score.

Recommendation

For recommend about case study is we must focus more strongly on finding persons
with conscious and constructive values and high Emotional Intelligence. Given the new
understanding of the crucial role emotional competence plays in individual, group, and
organizational success, the implication for education is clear: We should be helping young
people master these competencies as essential life skills. There are already numerous school-
based programs in the basics of Emotional Intelligence, programs that deliver social and. But
when it comes to preparing young people in the essential Emotional Intelligence skills that
matter most for their success in the workplace, for piloting their careers, and for leadership,
there is a serious gap and will recognize the importance of Emotional Intelligence not just for
the students, not just for the students' employers, but for the vitality of an economy as a
whole.

Conclusion

The case study show that sports participation cultivated and aided in the development
of mastery over emotional control and understanding of other emotional aspects, and that
male athletes have a higher level of emotional intelligence than female athletes. The
importance of psychological factors such as emotional intelligence has been overlooked all
over the world, including India. In this context, the current study aims to investigate the
impact of emotional intelligence training on the performance of athletes and non-athletes.
Case background 3

The case study of emotional intelligence between the athletes and non-athletes of
Karnataka state women’s University Vijayapur. Psychology was introduced to physical
education far before athletics. Psychological conditioning, psychological preparation, and
psychological training have all become standard words in the sports world. Without
psychological research and training of athletes, no sports training is complete.

Psychology, as a behavioral science, has aided in the improvement of athletic

performance. It has aided coaches in coaching more effectively and athletes in performing at
a higher level. These psychological aspects of sports are attracting a lot of interest from sports
administrators. The use of stress management techniques, such as biofeedback and relaxation
training, to improve athletic performance is a fast increasing topic of interest in sports
psychology.

The ability to accurately perceive, appraise, and express emotions, the ability to
access and or generate feelings when they facilitate thought, the ability to understand emotion
and emotional knowledge, and the ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and
intellectual growth are all part of emotional intelligence. This model makes a significant
contribution to understanding mental talents, which has been overlooked for a long time.

They believed that emotional intelligence might or might not be related to other types
of intelligence, such as cognitive ability, under the original paradigm. The competencies and
talents that influence one's ability to govern in the face of external expectations and pressure.
As a result, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of sports engagement on
emotional intelligence in athletes and non-athletes, as well as male and female participants.
Key analysis

The purpose of this study was to see how gender and sports activity affected
Emotional Intelligence among athletes and non-athletes at Karnataka State Women's
University in Vijayapur, India. Researchers found out that various physical, physiological,
sociological, and psychological aspects influence involvement in modern sports. Coaches
have been paying insufficient attention to the social and psychological elements that have
been shown to contribute to performance in events in higher competitive sports until recently.
As a result, sports trainers and coaches have begun to place a greater emphasis on the impact
of sociological elements on the psychological conditioning or development of players' mental
composition, as well as the resulting effects on their performance in national and international
competitions.

Recommendation

For recommend about case study is we must focus more strongly on finding persons
with conscious and constructive values and high Emotional Intelligence. Given the new
understanding of the crucial role emotional competence plays in individual, group, and
organizational success, the implication for education is clear: We should be helping young
people master these competencies as essential life skills. There are already numerous school-
based programs in the basics of Emotional Intelligence, programs that deliver social and. But
when it comes to preparing young people in the essential Emotional Intelligence skills that
matter most for their success in the workplace, for piloting their careers, and for leadership,
there is a serious gap and will recognize the importance of Emotional Intelligence not just for
the students, not just for the students' employers, but for the vitality of an economy as a
whole.

Conclusion
 The case study show that sports participation cultivated and aided in the development
of mastery over emotional control and understanding of other emotional aspects, and that
male athletes have a higher level of emotional intelligence than female athletes. The
importance of psychological factors such as emotional intelligence has been overlooked all
over the world, including India. In this context, the current study aims to investigate the
impact of emotional intelligence training on the performance of athletes and non-athletes.
References

Wu, CW., Chen, WW. & Jen, CH. 2020. Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Flexibility
in the Relationship Between Parenting and Subjective Well-Being. 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-020-09357-x

Roghayeh Sohrabi, Parvaneh Abasi Garajeh, Akbar Mohammad. 2011. Comparative

Study of Emotional Intelligence of Athlete and non- Athlete Female Students of Tabriz Islamic

Azad University
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271889638_Comparative_Study_of_Emotional_Intel

ligence_of_Athlete_and_non_Athlete_Female_Students_of_Tabriz_Islamic_Azad_University