 Design of Micro Strip Patch Antenna Using Artificial Magnetic Conductor

Structure For Wi-Fi Applications [1]:

Wireless communication has now become an integral component of human existence.
The wireless system is used by the majority of electrical and electronic equipment in our
environment. Modern communication methods are advancing at a breakneck pace. They
usually provide a variety of services to end customers without jeopardizing the device's
compactness. Different components of the communication systems must be carefully
built to keep the device's volume minimal. The front end, which includes the antenna, is
an essential component. Due to the limited area available for antennas in any
communication system, antennas must be carefully built so that they can readily allow the
supply of different wireless services.
There are different parameters of an antenna such as its return loss, gain,
directivity, voltage standing wave ratio, field regions, radiation pattern and many more. A
micro strip antenna is made up of two thin metallic layers (t 0, where 0 is the wavelength
in free space), one as a radiating patch and the other as a ground plane, with a dielectric
substrate sandwiched in between. The conductor patch is utilized as a radiating element
and is put on a dielectric substrate. A conductive layer serves as a ground plane on the
other side of the substrate.
The conclusion of this design is a AMC structure which is a rectangular structure with L
and inverted L slots that offers 0 degrees’ phase reflection at 1.65 GHz but -180 degrees’
phase reflection at 2.4 GHz. Another two slots are added to the structure to achieve a
phase reflection of 0 degrees at 2.4 GHz. At 2.2 GHz, this AMC structure exhibits a 0
degrees’ reflection phase. We added slots to the patch once more, giving this AMC
structure 3 0-degree reflection at 2.4 GHz. This suggested AMC structure 3 is integrated
into a traditional patch antenna. The Return loss is changed from -16.16dB to -31.75dB,
the gain is changed from 2.65dB to 4.15dB, the VSWR is changed from 1.42 to 1.05, and
the band width is changed from 1.65 MHz to 3.481 MHz after simulation.
The required values, results and different parameters are given as:
Table 01: Different parameters of Micro strip patch antenna with AMC

Parameter Conventional Patch Conventional Patch with AMC

Band width 1.65 MHz 3.481 MHz
Gain 2.65 dB 4.15 dB
Return Loss -16.16 dB -31.7517 dB
Impedance 50 ohms 50 ohms
VSWR 1.42 1.05

(Table: Different parameters of Micro strip patch antenna with AMC)

  Artificial Magnetic Conductor Based Miniaturized Frequency Re-configurable
Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G and WBAN Applications [2]:
Antennas are an important part of any wireless system. The intermediate
structure between open space and a directing device is the antenna or aerial. The guiding
device, also known as a transmission line, is used to carry electromagnetic energy from
the transmitting source to the antenna or from the antenna to the receiver. It can be a
coaxial line or a hollow pipe (wave guide).
Most of the commonly used feeding techniques include micro strip line feed,
aperture coupled feed, coaxial probe feed and proximity coupled feed. There is different
type of analysis which can be done in this regard such as cavity model, transmission line
model and circular microstrp antenna.
The AMC consists of a grid of square copper patches printed on a substrate with a
metallic ground plane on top. Because we are solely interested in the AMC property, no
vias are employed to link the metallic patches to the underlying ground plane (no EBG
behavior is therefore achieved). In the wideband dipole's operating bandwidth, the AMC's
reflection coefficient is zero phase. The AMC is made of a FR4 epoxy substrate with FR4
= 4.0, tan FR4 = 0.02, and hFR4 = 3.2 mm thickness.

Table 02: Performance Analysis

Switch Simulated Measured Simulated Measured Simulate Measured
state bandwidth bandwidth efficiency efficiency d gain gain
Switch off 3.4-3.6 GHz 3.45-3.6 GHz 87% 85% 6.8 dBi 6.7 dBi
Switch on 4.1-4.3 GHz 4.13-4.37 GHz 76% 74% 6 dBi 5.8 dBi

(Table: Performance Analysis)

  Design of Micro Strip Patch Antenna Using Artificial Magnetic Conductor
Structure For Wi-Fi Applications [3]:
A number of optimization strategies for different parameters are used to finish the
design for both miniaturization and re-configurability. It also incorporates the impact of a
micro-strip patch placed to the DR's wall, which is essentially the extended feed line. The
influence of AMC unit cell area on resonance frequencies is another key parameter for
optimization. The number of AMC unit cells has an influence on the resonance
frequencies, as well. Finally, the influence of switches and switch position on frequency
re-configurability is investigated.
A unique compact frequency reconfigurable DRA design was described. We
accomplished miniaturization in the suggested design by using an AMC surface with nine
AMC unit cells. The architecture is converted to another wireless application using
perfect switches between the same AMC surface. The design features a consistent
radiation pattern with a good value of realized gain for both switching configurations.
The prototype also possesses high efficiency at both operating frequencies, as seen by the
given results. As a result, the suggested architecture is suitable for the above-mentioned
real-time applications.
Table 03: Comparison with previous work
Antenna DR Volume Reconfigurability Design Gain %
type Complexit Bandwidth
y
Previous Compact 0.12λ×0.17λ×0.5 λ Reconfigurable Simple 5.8 dBi 8%, 16%
work RDRA [10] and 65%
Latest RDRA 0.12λ×0.12λ×0.058 Reconfigurable Very simple 6.87 dBi 14.2% and
work λ 16%

(Table: Comparison with previous work)

 Design of Dual-Band Conformal AMC Integrated Antenna for SAR [4]:
This paper has proposed a dual-band, wearable AMC incorporated antenna for WBAN
applications. It makes use of a 2 × 2 array of dumbbell-fashioned metal sheet subsidized AMC
for achieving better benefit and decrease SAR on human phantom hand. The found out antenna
accomplishes better profits of 9.five dB and 8.1 dB and efficiencies of 95% and 98.three% at the
2 frequency bands. Co -pol and x - pol radiation depth variations of 10.23 dB and 11.15 dB for E-
subject and 13.sixty two dB and 12.21 dB for H-subject had been accomplished at 2.forty three
GHz and five.2 GHz, respectively. The multi-layered AMC has in addition decreased the
backward electromagnetic radiation and will increase the FB radiation ratio as much as 6.three
dB and 21.2 dB at decrease and top frequency bands, respectively. Different conformal
performances have verified the robustness of the antenna. The effect of the human frame
loading of the incorporated antenna is investigated the use of Debye model. While the
monopole is incorporated with AMC, the SAR performance decreases extra than 95% on each
flat and bent conditions, that is sufficient in the limits specified. via way of means of ICNIRP.
References:
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Miniaturized_Frequency_Re-
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