RV College

of
Engineering

RADIATING SYSTEMS SELF STUDY

PHASE 2
Title: To design and simulate a circular patch antenna (1x2)
in L band frequency range.

Presented by
USN1: 1RV17TE012 NAME: CHANDANA
KIRAN
USN2: 1RV17TE049 NAME: SHREYA
DONTHI
TABLE OF CONTENTS:

1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
3. OBJECTIVE
4. PROBLEM STATEMENT
5. DESIGN EQUATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
6. SOFTWARE DETAILS
7. SIMULATION OUTPUTS
8. RESULT AND CONCLUSION
9. REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION:
A microstrip patch antenna in its simplest form consists of a radiating patch on one side of
a dielectric substrate and a ground plane on the other side. Normally it consists of a very
thin metallic patch placed at a small fraction of wavelength above the ground plane. Often
microstrip antennas are also referred to as patch antennas.

The radiating elements and the feed lines are usually photo etched on the dielectric
substrate. The radiating patch may be square, rectangular , circular or any other type of
configuration.
 APPLICATIONS:

● Microstrip patch antenna finds several applications in wireless communication. For example,
satellite communication requires circularly polarised radiation patterns, which can be
realised using circular patch microstrip antenna. Some communication-based applications of
microstrip patch antenna are radio altimeters, command and control systems, remote sensing and
environmental instrumentation, feed elements in complex antennae, satellite navigation receivers
etc.
● In the treatment of malignant tumours, microwave energy is said to be the most effective way
of inducing hyperthermia. The radiator to be used for this purpose should be light-weight, easy
to handle and rugged. Only a patch radiator fulfils these requirements. Designs based on a
circular microstrip disk at L-band (1-2 GHz) have been developed.

● L- Band(1-2GHz) is prominently used for Global Positioning System (GPS), Satellite

communications, Aircraft surveillance, Telecommunication and for Radars. It has a small
bandwidth and therefore, L band is majorly used in Tracking systems and Fleet management.
LITERATURE SURVEY:
SL PAPER TITLE RELATIVE FEEDING FREQ RETURN GAIN BANDWIDTH
NO. AND YEAR PERMITTIVITY MECHANISM (GHz) LOSS

Design and 4.4 Microstrip 1.113GHz -36.31dB 3.240 324 MHz

Analysis of feedline dB
Rectangular
Microstrip Patch
Antenna for L-
band Applications
using IE3D v15
(2016)

A Comparative 3 Microstrip 2.45GHz Rect: Rect: Rect:

Study of feedline -28.28dB 7.119 24 MHz
2. Rectangular and dB
Circular Microstrip
Fed Patch Circ: Circ: Circ:
Antenna (2016) -22.03 dB 6.968 27 MHz
dB
SL PAPER TITLE RELATIVE FEEDING FREQ RETURN GAIN BANDWIDTH
NO. AND YEAR PERMITTIVITY MECHANISM (GHz) LOSS

Dual Band 4.2 Quarter wave WiMAX < -20 db 5db WiMAX -190
Rectangular microstrip (3.5- MHz
Patch Antenna linefeed 3.7GHz)
3. with Less Return
Loss for WiMAX WBAN WBAN- 220
and WBAN (3.9- MHz
Applications 4.1GHz)
(2017)

Dissimilar Circular 4.78 Microstrip 36.11 dB 8 dBi >100 MHZ

Patch Size quarter-wave 2441.75
Antenna Array transformer MHz
4. with Enhanced
Bandwidth and
Broadside Gain
(2017)
SL PAPER TITLE RELATIVE FEEDING FREQ RETURN GAIN BANDWIDTH
NO AND YEAR PERMITTIVITY MECHANISM (GHz) LOSS
.

Design and 4.4 Edge feeding 2.4GHz -11.6dB 11.7dB 64.8 MHz
Analysis of 1x2 technique
5. Circular Patch
Antenna Array
for 2.4 GHz
Applications(201
9)

Design of Dual- 4.4 Inset feeding 1.62 – 1.7 -22.7dB 80 MHz

Band Circular GHz
Microstrip Patch
6. Antenna for L- 2.74 – 2.8 -15.5dB 60 MHz.
Band Military GHz
Applications
(2016)
 REMARKS:
● The proposed antenna covers the L band with good percentage bandwidth, gain,
return loss and efficiency. Hence the proposed antenna has many applications such
as mobile service, satellite navigation, telecommunication uses such as GSM phones,
aircraft surveillance such as Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast, amateur
radio, digital audio broadcasting etc. [1]
● Comparison between a rectangular patch antenna and a circular patch antenna
using the simulation results obtained from CST Microwave studio has been carried
out. Both the antenna configurations show quite good results on perspectives of
return loss, VSWR, gain and radiation efficiency, for Bluetooth band
applications.However, from the perspective of return loss and gain the rectangular
patch configuration shows better performance, while the circular patch
configuration shows better results on bandwidth, radiation pattern, side lobe
levels. [2]
● A basic Rectangular Patch mounted on a substrate and a plane of ground is destined to
operate to only one band of frequency. However, this can be turned into a multiband by
introducing slots in the patch without increasing its size. [3]
● Using the proposed arrays with dissimilar circular elements, we increase the
impedance bandwidth to values above 100 MHz. [4]

● We use an array to extend the performance of the antenna, scan the radiation pattern
beam of an antenna system, enhance the directivity, and gain which would be better
compared to that of a single element. [5]

● High frequencies usually suffer from signal loss when transported over copper coax
cable like Intra-Facility Link. However, in the case of L Band (1-2GHz), Low Noise
Block (LNB) is adopted to convert high frequencies to L Band which can be transferred
via Interfacility Link and processed by In-door-unit (IDU) telecommunication device.
This frequency band faces lesser interference and at the same time the components
for this band are easier to source and are more cost effective. [6]
OBJECTIVE:
● To understand the HFSS simulation software and the simulation tools used.
● To design and simulate a circular patch antenna (1x2) in the L band frequency range
using the HFSS software.
● To analyze the simulation result obtained graphically and observe parameters such as
gain, bandwidth, return loss etc
PROBLEM STATEMENT
To design and simulate a circular patch antenna (1x2) in L band frequency range.
DESIGN EQUATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:
1) FORMULA TO CALCULATE THE RADIUS :

2) FORMULA TO CALCULATE THE F:

Therefore, 1) Height=0.166cm
2) fr= 1.8GHZ
3) Radius of the patch =2.26cm
 Since fringing makes the patch electrically larger, the effective radius of patch is used and
is given by
FOR CALCULATIONS USING HFSS:

1) For a single circular patch optimal feed location is usually at one third distance from
centre of the patch. The feed location is calculated using:

2) Generally, substrate length L and width W are:

L =88 mm ,W =88 mm

3) The length and width of ground plane is greater than patch by 6h

4) Dimensions of substrate is same as the dimensions of ground plane along with height

5) All faces of radiating box are quarter wavelength away from radiating patch
Each of the patch is connected to 100Ω feedline. The equivalent at the junction of the two
100Ω lines is 50Ω. A 50Ω feedline is connected to edge feed.

Inter-element spacing = 83.3 mm

Width of 100Ω feedline =0.7mm

Width of 50Ω feedline =3mm

SOFTWARE DETAILS
● The simulation of circular patch antenna is to be carried out using the ANSYS HFSS
simulation software.
● ANSYS HFSS is a 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulation software for designing and
simulating high-frequency electronic products such as antennas, antenna arrays, RF
or microwave components, high-speed interconnects, filters, connectors, IC packages
and printed circuit boards.
● ANSYS HFSS is used to design high-frequency, high-speed electronics found in
communications systems, radar systems, advanced driver assistance systems
(ADAS), satellites, internet-of-things (IoT) products and other high-speed RF and
digital devices.
SIMULATION OUTPUTS:

Fig 1
1x2 CIRCULAR PATCH
 Fig 2
RETURN LOSS
 Fig 3
VSWR
 Fig 4
IMPEDANCE
 Fig 5
3D POLAR PLOT
2D GAIN PLOT FIG 6
RESULTS OBTAINED
Relative Permittivity: 4.4

Feeding Mechanism: Edge Feeding

Frequency: 1.8GHz

VSWR: 1.1599

Return Loss: -22.6111dB

Gain: 4.4051dB

Impedance: 53.585513 - 6.797951i

Bandwidth: 69.6 MHZ

CONCLUSION:
● We have therefore designed and simulated a circular patch antenna (1x2) in L band
frequency range using the ANSYS HFSS simulation software. At an operating
frequency of 1.8GHz and relative permittivity of 4.4, we have obtained the Gain,
Return loss ,VSWR and Z parameter of the circular patch antenna using an edge
feeding technique.
● A 3D polar plot of the radiation pattern has also been obtained. From the 3D polar
plot we observe the better performance of a circular patch antenna owing to a better
radiation pattern.
● We observe that our simulation has given us a gain of 4.4051dB, the circular patch
antenna has been designed in an array configuration to increase it’s gain and
directivity.
● Edge feeding has been used due to its ease of fabrication and simplicity in
modeling as well as impedance matching.
● High frequencies usually suffer from signal loss when transported over copper
coax cable like Intra-Facility Link. However L band frequency range faces lesser
interference and at the same time the components for this band are easier to
source and are more cost effective. L- Band(1-2GHz) is prominently used for
Global Positioning System (GPS), Satellite communications, Aircraft
surveillance, Telecommunication and for Radars
● The antenna can be fabricated as it has return loss of -22.6111dB.
 REFERENCES:
[1] Aman Barsaiyan1, Dr. D.C. Dhubkarya2 , Dr. Manoj Kumar Tiwari, “ Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna for L-band
Applications using IE3D v15 ’’, 2019 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT)

[2] Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan, A.K.M Monsurul Alam, Ratil Hasnat Ashique, “ A Comparative Study of Rectangular and Circular
Microstrip Fed Patch Antenna ”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 10, October-2016 1028 ISSN
2229-5518

[3] Danny L. Torres ; Luis P. Sumba ; Juan P. Bermeo ; Diego A. Cuji, “ Dual Band Rectangular Patch Antenna with Less Return Loss for
WiMAX and WBAN Applications ” , 2017 IEEE Second Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)

[4] Maciel Alves de Oliveira, Glauco Fontgalland, Paulo Fernandes da Silva Júnior, Raimundo Carlos Silvério Freire, “ Dissimilar Circular
Patch Size Antenna Array with Enhanced Bandwidth and Broadside Gain ”, IEEE 13th International Conference on Telecommunication
Systems, Services, and Applications (TSSA) 2019

[5] Shanthi P , Yashvi Mehul Shah, Siddharoodha C A ,“ Design and Analysis of 1x2 Circular Patch Antenna Array for 2.4 GHz
Applications ”, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019

[6] Settapong Malisuwan, Noppadol Tiamnara, and Nattakit Suriyakrai, “ Design of Dual-Band Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for L-
Band Military Applications ”, International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 1, January 2016