B

D Letters P, Q & R in given

observed baselines are
represented by last 3 digits
C
of your student ID number.
A

From To Δ X (m) Δ Y (m) Δ Z (m) σ2 Δ X σ2 Δ Y σ2 Δ Z

B C 3960.5442 -6681.2467 -7279.0148 2.31E-04 2.55E-04 2.25E-04
A B 7683.6883 10282.4Q50 10678.3008 7.24E-04 6.76E-04 7.31E-04
A C 11644.2232 3601.2165 3399.2R50 9.88E-04 9.38E-04 9.83E-04
B D -6567.2310 -5686.3033 -6322.3807 5.51E-05 7.47E-05 6.63E-05
D A -1116.4P23 -4596.1610 -4355.8962 7.48E-05 6.59E-05 7.62E-05
D C 10527.7852 -994.9377 -956.6246 2.57E-04 2.16E-04 2.40E-04
 The table shows six (6) GPS baselines were observed and their
variances, respectively on points A, B, C and D. Calculate
adjusted coordinates of point B, C and D by using least square
estimation technique if coordinates of point A as follow:
X = -11P8153.412 m
Y = 6245Q21.400 m
Z = 59449R.631 m
 Then, estimate standard deviation of adjusted coordinates for
point B, C and D
 Letters P, Q & R in given coordinates are represented by last 3
digits of your student ID number.
 You may use Matlab, Excel or calculator to perform the
calculation.
 B

D
If your ID is 2021058263 so P=2,
Q=6 and R=3.
C
Therefore, observed baselines as
follow: A

From To Δ X (m) Δ Y (m) Δ Z (m) σ2 Δ X σ2 Δ Y σ2 Δ Z

B C 3960.5442 -6681.2467 -7279.0148 2.31E-04 2.55E-04 2.25E-04
A B 7683.6883 10282.4650 10678.3008 7.24E-04 6.76E-04 7.31E-04
A C 11644.2232 3601.2165 3399.2350 9.88E-04 9.38E-04 9.83E-04
B D -6567.2310 -5686.3033 -6322.3807 5.51E-05 7.47E-05 6.63E-05
D A -1116.4223 -4596.1610 -4355.8962 7.48E-05 6.59E-05 7.62E-05
D C 10527.7852 -994.9377 -956.6246 2.57E-04 2.16E-04 2.40E-04
 If your ID is 2021058263 so P=2, Q=6 and R=3.
Therefore, coordinates of point A as follow:
XA = -1128153.412 m
YA = 6245621.400 m
ZA = 594493.631 m
From To Δ X (m) Δ Y (m) Δ Z (m) σ2 Δ X σ2 Δ Y σ2 Δ Z
B C 3960.5442 -6681.2467 -7279.0148 2.31E-04 2.55E-04 2.25E-04
A B 7683.6883 10282.4650 10678.3008 7.24E-04 6.76E-04 7.31E-04

V = AX – L  Observation equation
Example:
Baseline B-C
𝑣𝑣1 = 𝑋𝑋𝐶𝐶 − 𝑋𝑋𝐵𝐵 − ∆𝑋𝑋𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
𝑣𝑣2 = 𝑌𝑌𝐶𝐶 − 𝑌𝑌𝐵𝐵 − ∆𝑌𝑌𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 Variance
𝑣𝑣3 = 𝑍𝑍𝐶𝐶 − 𝑍𝑍𝐵𝐵 − ∆𝑍𝑍𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 2.31E−04 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
Baseline A-B
𝑣𝑣4 = 𝑋𝑋𝐵𝐵 − 𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴 − ∆𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵
𝑣𝑣5 = 𝑌𝑌𝐵𝐵 − 𝑌𝑌𝐴𝐴 − ∆𝑌𝑌𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵
𝑣𝑣6 = 𝑍𝑍𝐵𝐵 − 𝑍𝑍𝐴𝐴 − ∆𝑍𝑍𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵

* XA, YA & ZA replace with given values