The above pump of a water distribution system is powered by a 6.5-kW electric motor whose efficiency is 92 percent. The water flow rate through the pump is 200 m?/hr. The diameters of the suction and discharge ports are di=15 cm and d2=12.5 cm respectively, and the elevation difference between the two ports wherethe pressure gauges are installed is h2-hi=35.5 cm. If the pressure gauges at the suction and discharge of the pump read 0.6 bar and 1.3 bar, respectively, determine (a) the actual pump head H in m (b) the mechanical efficiency of the pump (c) the temperature rise of water as it flows through the pump due to the mechanical inefficiency and (d) the input current for the AC three- phase motor if the supplied voltage is 400v and the value of cosf or PF on the motor/pump nameplate is 0.90. Solution:(a) The pump head is determined by reading the pressure on the flanges of the pump pz, p1 and then convert the values into head. However, if a geodetic difference in head is present between the two measuring points, it is necessary to compensate for the difference (h2-hi). Furthermore, if the port dimensions of the two measuring points differ from one another the actual head has to be corrected for this as well. The actual pump head H is calculated by the following formula: P27 P1 V2 — Vz H= + (ha — ay) +=The liquid velocity v is calculated by the following formula: ~2@_ 48 “A” n.d? 4x 200 V, = ———— = 3.14 1 Tx 0.152 x 3600 m/s y 4.x 200 453 2 = 0.1252 x 3600 P93 _ (1.3 = 0.6) x 108 + (0385) + 4.532 — 3.1442 ~ 1000 x 9.8 , 2X 9,81 H = 7.13 + 0.355 + 0.54 = 7.13 + 0.90 = 8.03 m As it appears from the calculation, the pressure difference measured by pressure gauges is about 0.9 mlower than what the pump is actually performing. The deviation is caused by the difference in height between the pressure gauges (0.355 m) and by the difference in port dimensions, which in this case is 0.54 m. (b) Pump efficiency The motor draws 6.5 kW of power and is 92 percent efficient. Thus the mechanical (shaft) power it delivers to the pump is: Pz = Py X Nmotor = 6.5 X 0.92 = 5.98 kW which means that 6.5-5.98=0.52 kW heat is generated by the motor and dissipated to the atmosphere. To determine the mechanical efficiency of the pump, we need toknow the increase in the mechanical energy of the fluid as it flows through the pump, which is Py=pxXgxXHx@Q kg m3 Nxs? m3 Nam L P OS OS “s_=_s_-_“ _pyw H 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 200 Pi, = (1000 x 9.81 x 8.03 x =) /1000 Py = 4.377 kW Then the mechanical efficiency of the pump becomes: Py _ 4.377 Nmech = Np = Py ~ 5.98 = 73.2% (c) Temperature rise of waterOf the 5.98 kW mechanical power supplied by the pump, only 4.377 kW is imparted to the fluid as mechanical energy. The remaining 1.6 kW (5.98-4.377) is converted to thermal energy due to frictional effects, and this “lost” mechanical energy manifests itself as a heating effect in the fluid. The temperature rise of water due to this mechanical inefficiency is determined from the thermal energy balance: E Emech loss = M*.C.AT 3 AT = ee 200 m kg m* = x 1000 7m = 55.56 kg/s 3600°_ 1.6 ~ 55.56 X 4.18 Therefore, the water will experience a temperature rise AT = 0.007°C of 0.007°C due to mechanical inefficiency, which is very small, as it flows through the pump. In an actual application, the temperature rise of water will probably be less since part of the heat generated will be transferred to the casing of the pump and from the casing to the surrounding air. (d) The input current P, 6.5 x 1000 P, = ¥3.U.1.cosg > | = > = , ° V3.U.cosp V3 x 400 x 0.90 I= 105A