Section: B Roll No.

2018-TE-039 Name: Sheroz Ali

Department: Telecommunication Engineering Program: B.S (TE)

Assignment 1
HS-105- Psychology

Q1. Explain the following:

Descriptive research:
Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes the characteristics of the
population or phenomenon studied. This methodology focuses more on the “what” of the
research subject than the “why” of the research subject.
The descriptive research method primarily focuses on describing the nature of a demographic
segment, without focusing on “why” a particular phenomenon occurs. In other words, it
“describes” the subject of the research, without covering “why” it happens.
Super ego:
superego, in the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, the latest developing of three agencies
(with the id and ego) of the human personality. The superego is the ethical component of the
personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates. The
superego’s criticisms, prohibitions, and inhibitions form a person’s conscience, and its
positive aspirations and ideals represent one’s idealized self-image, or “ego ideal.”
Correlational research
Correlational research refers to a non-experimental research method which studies the
relationship between two variables with the help of statistical analysis. Correlational research
does not study the effects of extraneous variables on the variables under study
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a suggested solution for an unexplained occurrence that does not fit into current
accepted scientific theory. The basic idea of a hypothesis is that there is no pre-determined
outcome.
For example, let's say you have a bad breakout the morning after eating a lot of greasy food. You
may wonder if there is a correlation between eating greasy food and getting pimples. You
propose the hypothesis: Eating greasy food causes pimples. Next, you need to design an
experiment to test this hypothesis.
Experimental research:

Experimental research is research conducted with a scientific approach using two sets of
variables. The first set acts as a constant, which you use to measure the differences of the second
set. Quantitative research methods, for example, are experimental.
If you don’t have enough data to support your decisions, you must first determine the facts.
Experimental research gathers the data necessary to help you make better decisions.
Any research conducted under scientifically acceptable conditions uses experimental methods.
The success of experimental studies hinges on researchers confirming the change of a variable is
based solely on the manipulation of the constant variable. The research should establish a notable
cause and effect.

Q2. Explain the difference between Biological perspective and Behavioral perspective in detail.

The biological and behavioral views of psychology allow for two different approaches to
studying the subject and often link to the nature-nurture debate.
The biological psychological approach is linked with the nature side of the nature-nurture debate.
The approach assumes that all behavior (whether human or animal) is driven by genetics and a
person’s biological / chemical composition. It assumes that the environment cannot change your
behavior and that your actions, decisions and the way you live can be traced back to stemming
from your parents, from which you inherited your genes.
In contrast, the behavioral approach assumes that our behavior is a product of our interaction
with the environment. It assumes that as babies we are born as a blank slate and from this
moment on are shaped and influenced by the people and environment surrounding us. Hence the
approach takes the nurture side of the nature-nurture debate. In contrast to the biological
approach, the behavioral approach assumes that our behavior is determined by the environment
in which we find ourselves, for example, we may act differently in front of teachers at school,
compared to when we are with our friends.
The two approaches can be investigated by looking at identical twins that have been either raised
together or raised apart after being separated at birth.
The biological approach would assume that twins would behave and be exactly the same as each
other whether they had been raised together or apart, whereas the behavioral approach would
assume that the twins reared apart would behave differently to each other, due to their different
surroundings.