TORCHIODS

DR. SUMIT KUMAR SHARMA

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

KIRORI MAL COLLEGE

 TROCHOID
• A trochoid (from the Greek word for wheel, "trochos") is the curve described by a
fixed point on a circle as it rolls along a straight line.

• The cycloid is a notable member of the trochoid family.

• Parametric equations of the trochoid for which L is the x-axis are

𝑥 = 𝑎𝜃 − 𝑑 sin 𝜃
𝑦 = 𝑎 − 𝑑 cos 𝜃
where 𝜃 is the variable angle through which the circle rolls.
• If P lies inside the circle (b < a), on its circumference (b = a), or outside (b > a), the
trochoid is described as being curtate ("contracted"), common, or prolate
("extended"), respectively.
• A curtate trochoid is traced by a pedal when a normally geared bicycle is pedaled
along a straight line.
• A prolate trochoid is traced by the tip of a paddle when a boat is driven with constant
velocity by paddle wheels; this curve contains loops.
• A common trochoid, also called a cycloid, has cusps at the points where P touches the
L.
 CYCLOID
• A cycloid is the curve traced by a point on the rim of a circular wheel as the
wheel rolls along a straight line without slippage.
• A cycloid is a specific form of trochoid and is an example of a roulette, a
curve generated by a curve rolling on another curve.
The cycloid through the origin, with a horizontal base given by the line y = 0(x-axis),
generated by a circle of radius r rolling over the "positive" side of the base (y ≥ 0),
consists of the points (x, y), with
𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − cos 𝜃)
where 𝜃 is a real parameter, corresponding to the angle through which the rolling circle
has rotated.
 HYPOCYCLOID

• In geometry, a hypocycloid is a special plane curve generated by the trace of a fixed

point on a small circle that rolls within a larger circle. It is comparable to the cycloid
but instead of the circle rolling along a line, it rolls within a circle.
• If the smaller circle has radius r, and the larger circle has radius R = kr, then the
parametric equations for the curve can be given by either:

• If k is an integer, then the curve is closed, and has k cusps (i.e., sharp corners, where
the curve is not differentiable). Specially for k=2 the curve is a straight line and the
circles are called Cardano circles.
 EPICYCLOID

• In geometry, an epicycloid is a plane curve produced by tracing the path of a chosen

point on the circumference of a circle—called an epicycle—which rolls without
slipping around a fixed circle.
• If the smaller circle has radius r, and the larger circle has radius R = kr, then the
parametric equations for the curve can be given by either:

• If k is an integer, then the curve is closed, and has k cusps (i.e., sharp corners, where
the curve is not differentiable).