DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2016/2017

SECOND YEAR SPECIAL/ SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE

OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
SYSTEMS/GEGIS

CIT 2211: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS

DATE: 7th MARCH, 2017 TIME: 8.30-10.30AM

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INSTRUCTIONS
Attempt question one and any other two questions

QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)

a) Define Computer graphics. [2 marks]

b) Name any four input devices [2 marks]
c) (i) List any three applications of computer graphics. [3 marks]
(ii) What is your understanding of the term refreshing of the screen? [2 marks]

d) A GLUT initialization function may contain the following request statement.

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);

(i) Why is this function referred to as a “request” function? [1 mark]

(ii) Describe the parameters being initialized in the function. [2 marks]
(iii) Suggest an alternative entry to the parameter GLUT_SINGLE. [1 mark]
(iv) What will this new entry represent? [1 mark]
e) Using examples, describe how the impact and the non-impact printers contrast
[4 marks]
f) Consider three different raster systems with resolutions of 640 x 480, 1280 x 1024,
and 2560 x 2048.
i) What size is frame buffer (in bytes) for each of these systems to store 12 bits
per pixel? [3 marks]
ii) How much storage (in bytes) is required for each system if 24 bits per pixel are to be
stored? [2 marks]
g) Describe the following transformation techniques
i) Rotation [2 mark]
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 ii) Scaling [2 mark]
iii) Shearing [2 mark]
h) Define scan conversion. [1 mark]

QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)

a) Consider two raster systems with the resolutions of 640 x 480 and 1280 x 1024.
i) How many pixels could be accessed per second in each of these systems by a display
controller that refreshes the screen at a rate of 60 frames per second? [3 marks]
ii) What is the access time per pixel in each system? [3 marks]
b) Describe scan conversion. [2 marks]
c) RGB is one of the colour modes. Discuss [2 marks]
d) What are advantages and disadvantages of DVST over CRT? [4 marks]
e) A line is one of the output primitives in computer graphics. Describe its attributes.
[2 marks]
f) List any two graphics software standards [2 marks]
g) Define resolution. [2 marks]

QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)

a) Explain the differences between a general graphics system designed for a programmer and
one designed for a specific application, such as architectural design. [4 marks]
b) Show that a rotation about the origin is
x’ = x cos θ – y sin θ
y’ = x sin θ + y cos θ [4 marks]
c) Explain the purpose of the following OpenGL statements; [4 marks]
(i) GL_LINES
(ii) GL_LOOP
(iii) GLdouble
(iv) GL_RGB
d) OpenGL uses the following color statements for colour manipulations;
glClearColor(a,b,c,d);
glColor3f(e,f,g);
(i) State the difference in application of these two statements [2 marks]
(ii) What is the function of the parameter d as used in the first statement above?
(iii) Give the minimum and maximum values valid for the parameters a through g
[2 marks]
e) Describe computer graphics animation. [2 mark]
f) Explain these terms.
i) Resolution [1mark]
ii) Aspect Ratio [1mark]

QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)

a) Explain any two the merits and any two demerits of Plasma panel display.[4 marks]
b) List any two differences between a Random scan display and a Raster scan display
[2 marks]
c) List any three uses of chromaticity diagram. [3 marks]
d) What are the three methods of motion specifications? [3 marks]
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e) Explain refresh buffer/frame buffer. [2 marks]
f) Distinguish between window port & view port. [2 marks]
g) Name the steps involved in 3D transformation [4 marks]

QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS)

a) Consider a raster system with the resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels and the color palette calls for
65,536 colors. What is the minimum amount of video RAM that the computer must have to
support the above-mentioned resolution and number of colors? [6 marks]
b) Briefly describe an Output Primitive. [2 marks]
c) (i) Explain DDA algorithm. [2 marks]
(ii) What are the disadvantages of DDA algorithm? [2 marks]
(iii) Use incremental DDA algorithm to give the second two points from A (3,2) to B (12,11)
[5 marks]
d) Name synonyms for Graphics controller and explain its purpose [3 marks]

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